Cabanga ngomuntu obelokhu ehlushwa ukucindezeleka okukhulu iminyaka engu-25. Usezame yonke imithi nokwelashwa okutholakalayo, kodwa akukho mpumuzo. Ukhathele ukuphila futhi akakwazi ngisho nokuvuka esofeni. Ungangikholwa uma ngingakutshela ukuthi umuthi obizwa ngokuthi 'iKetamine' umnike ithuba elisha lokuphila? Lokhu kuyinto eye yenzeka ngempela kwabanye abantu. Kodwa ngemuva kwezindaba zempumelelo, sizwa nangabantu abalahlekelwe yimpilo yabo ngokusebenzisa kabi lo muthi. Ngakho-ke, iyini ngempela iKetamine? Ingabe iyasiza ngezifo zengqondo ezifana nokucindezeleka? Ingabe ifanele ingozi? Ake sixoxe ngalokhu kalula nangokucacile.
Kuyini i-Ketamine?
Kalula nje, i-Ketamine empeleni iyisidakamizwa sokubulala izinzwa. Okusho ukuthi, umuthi obangela ukozela. Lo muthi, owaqala ukusetshenziswa ukubulala izinzwa ezilwaneni ngawo-1960, wavunyelwa yi-US FDA ukuthi usetshenziswe kubantu ngo-1970. Wasetshenziswa futhi ekwelapheni amasosha alimele eMpini yaseVietnam.
Esimweni esiphuthumayo, isibonelo, ngemva kokusindisa umuntu owayesezozibulala, kunezikhathi lapho lo muthi unikezwa khona nge-ambulensi ukulawula ukucasuka kwakhe. Kwakungenxa yezigameko ezinjengalezi lapho odokotela baqala ukuqonda amandla awo okulwa nokucindezeleka. Cabanga nje, ngemva kokunikeza i-Ketamine kumuntu owayesezogxuma ebhulohweni bese emthulisa, cishe ezinyangeni ezingu-9 kamuva uthi, "Angikaze ngicabange ngokuzibulala ezinyangeni ezingu-9." Njengoba izindaba eziningi ezinjengalezi zinqwabelana, odokotela bacabanga, "Mhlawumbe kukhona okuthile kulokhu."
Kodwa kukhona uhlangothi olubi kulokhu. I-Ketamine iyisidakamizwa abanye abantu abasisebenzisayo ukuze badakwe. Abanye abantu basibiza ngokuthi 'i-Special K', 'i-Super K'. Iyajovwa, ifakwe eziphuzweni, futhi isetshenziswe kogwayi.
I-Ketamine ingabangela imizwa yesikhashana yokuba yinto engafanele, umbono ophambene nemizwa, imizwa engavamile ngomzimba wakho, imicabango engavamile, kanye nenjabulo. Odokotela bakubiza lokhu ngokuthi 'okuhlangenwe nakho okuhlukanisayo'.
Lokhu okuhlangenwe nakho kuthatha cishe amahora amabili. Kufanele kuthathwe kuphela ngaphansi kokuqashwa ngudokotela. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kuthwala izingozi ezinkulu njengokulahlekelwa ukwazi, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, kanye nokuphefumula kancane . Uma kusetshenziswa kabi, kungaholela ezinkingeni zesikhathi eside njengezinkinga zesinyi kanye nokulutha kwezidakamizwa.
Ngingayithola kanjani imithi ye-Ketamine?
Njengamanje, okuwukuphela kwendlela yokwelapha ukucindezeleka evunyelwe yi-FDA yisifutho samakhala esenziwe nge-ketamine esibizwa ngokuthi i-Esketamine. Sinikezwa kuphela emtholampilo oqinisekisiwe kubantu abanesifo sokucindezeleka okukhulu esingamelani nokwelashwa abangazange baphendule okungenani eminye imithi emibili yokucindezeleka. Ngemva kokuba isiguli sinikezwe isifutho, siqashwa abasebenzi bezokwelapha amahora amabili.
Ezinye izindlela, njenge-intravenous (IV) Ketamine, azikavunyelwa yi-FDA ekwelashweni kwengqondo. Kodwa-ke, odokotela basebenzisa le ndlela ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwezokwelapha, ngokusekelwe kudatha yocwaningo, kubantu abangazange baphendule kweminye imithi.
- Ukwelashwa: Iziguli zivame ukunikezwa imijovo eyisithupha ye-IV emasontweni amathathu.
- Isilinganiso: Isilinganiso kumele sinqunywe ngokunembe kakhulu, njengoba kunezinhlobo ezincane kakhulu zemithamo ezisebenzayo ekucindezelekeni kodwa hhayi ekubulaleni izinzwa.
- Ukuqapha: Udokotela uzoba khona yonke imizuzu engama-40 yokuphathwa kwe-IV nangaphezulu. Bazobe bekulungele ukusiza ngokushesha uma isiguli sizwa ukungakhululeki noma ukudideka.
Kuzizwa kanjani ngesikhathi sokwelashwa?
Abantu abathole lokhu kwelashwa bachaza lokhu okuhlangenwe nakho ngezindlela ezahlukene. Owesifazane ogama lakhe linguKrista, obelokhu ehlushwa ukucindezeleka nokukhathazeka kusukela ebuntwaneni, kamuva waba ne-PTSD kanye nobuhlungu obungapheli. Uthi ngaphambi kokwelashwa nge-Ketamine, lezi zifo zazilawula impilo yakhe.
"Ngesikhathi sokwelashwa, ngazizwa sengathi ngiseluhambeni olungokomoya. Ngazizwa ngifudumele, ngiphephile, futhi ngiqiniseka. Ngazizwa sengathi yonke into engiyithwele engqondweni yami yayisuswa ungqimba ngengqimba. Ngazizwa sengathi nginamandla endawo yonke ezandleni zami."
UJeff, umuntu esikhulume naye ekuqaleni, uchaze okuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe ngale ndlela: "Kwakunjengokuntanta echibini lamanzi. Kwakungokokuqala ngiqonda incazelo yegama elithi 'indawo ejabulisayo'. Konke okuhlobene nokuphila kwami kwangempela kwanyamalala, futhi angizange ngizizwe ngithwele leso sisindo yonke indawo."
Ngemva kokwelashwa, njengoba imiphumela ye-Ketamine iphela, eminye imitholampilo inikeza nengxoxo nesiguli ukuze isisize sihlanganise lokho esikufundile kokuhlangenwe nakho ekuphileni kwaso. Lokhu kunikeza isiguli ithuba lokukhuluma ngezinkinga ezindala kanye nobuhlungu.
I-Ketamine ithinta kanjani ubuchopho?
Into emangalisayo ukuthi akuyona 'into yokuzihlukanisa' oyithola ngesikhathi sokwelashwa eletha impumuzo ekucindezelekeni. Leyo mpumuzo iza kamuva. Okusho ukuthi, indlela ubuchopho bakho obusabela ngayo ngemva kokuchayeka ku-Ketamine iyona ndlela yokwelapha.
Cabanga nje ngale ndlela:
Kubantu abanokucindezeleka okukhulu kwesikhathi eside, ezinye zezixhumanisi ezibalulekile (ama-synapses) ezidlulisela imiyalezo phakathi kwamangqamuzana ezinzwa ebuchosheni ziyalahleka. Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi zingakapheli amahora angama-24 kusukela kuthathwe umthamo wokuqala we-ketamine, lezi zixhumanisi ezilahlekile ziqala ukukhula futhi. Lapho lezi zixhumanisi zikhula kakhulu, kulapho kukhululeka khona ekucindezelekeni.
Ngamanye amazwi, amangqamuzana ezinzwa ebuchosheni bethu ahilelekile esimweni sethu sengqondo asebenzisa ikhemikhali ebizwa ngokuthi ``glutamate`` ukuze axhumane. Abanye abantu abanesifo sokucindezeleka banezinzwa ezibuthakathaka ebuchosheni babo ezisabela ku-``glutamate`. I-Ketamine isebenza ngokwakha kabusha lawa ma-receptor nokusiza amangqamuzana ezinzwa ukuthi axhumane kahle futhi.
Uma ukuxhumana kobuchopho kulungiswa ngale ndlela, ngisho nemithi yokucindezeleka noma i-psychotherapy eyayingasebenzi ngaphambili ingaqala ukusebenza.
Yiziphi imiphumela emibi kanye nezingozi?
Ngisho noma isetshenziswa ngaphansi kokuqashwa ngudokotela, i-Ketamine ingaba nemiphumela emibi.
| Uhlobo lomphumela ongemuhle | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Imiphumela emibi yesikhashana (ngesikhathi sokwelashwa) | Ukozela, isicanucanu, ukunyuka okuncane komfutho wegazi, isiyezi, kanye 'nokuhlangenwe nakho okungafani' (ukuzizwa sengathi izinto azijwayelekile/azikho ngokoqobo). |
| Imiphumela emibi yesikhathi eside (evela ekusetshenzisweni kabi kanye nokusetshenziswa ngokweqile) |
|
Ingozi yokulutha
Yebo, i-Ketamine iyisidakamizwa esingaba umlutha. Kodwa odokotela bathi uma ilashwa ngaphansi kokuqashwa okufanele kwezokwelapha nangokulandela inqubo efanele, ingozi yokuba umlutha iphansi kakhulu. Ingozi ifika lapho umuntu eqala ukuyisebenzisa ngezinjongo zakhe ngaphandle kweseluleko sezokwelapha.
Kubaluleke kakhulu: Uma wena noma othile omaziyo enesimo esiphuthumayo esihilela i-Ketamine noma eminye imithi, hamba ngokushesha uye eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (i-ETU) wesibhedlela esiseduze. Uma udinga iseluleko mayelana noshevu, shayela i-National Poisons Information Centre e-Colombo National Hospital .
Lokhu akufanelekile kubani?
Ukwelashwa nge-ketamine kungase kungafaneleki kubantu abanomlando wokusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa kanye nezifo zengqondo ezifana ne-schizophrenia. Abantu abanesifo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuguquguqukayo kufanele futhi baqaphele kakhulu, njengoba i-Ketamine ingavamile ukubangela i-manic episode. Lokhu kufanele kunqunywe udokotela wakho.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Ketamine ayiyona imithi yokucindezeleka evamile. Iwumuthi onamandla kakhulu, oqeda izinhlungu.
- Lokhu kwelashwa kufanele kusetshenziswe kuphela ngaphansi kokuqashwa okuqinile kwezokwelapha ezimweni ezithile, njengokucindezeleka okukhulu, ezingasabelanga kwezinye izindlela zokwelapha.
- Ukusebenzisa i-ketamine ngezinjongo zokuzijabulisa noma zokuzijabulisa kuyingozi kakhulu. Kungaholela ekubeni umlutha, ukugula okukhulu ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo, ngisho nokufa.
- I-Esketamine (isifutho samakhala) okwamanje iwukuphela kokwelashwa okuvunyelwe yi-FDA, futhi inikezwa kuphela emitholampilo eqinisekisiwe.
- Uma wena noma othile omaziyo ehlushwa ukucindezeleka okukhulu, ungenzi izinqumo mayelana nokwelashwa kwe-Ketamine wedwa, kodwa qiniseka ukuthi uxoxa ngalokhu kabanzi nodokotela wakho futhi uqonde zonke izinzuzo nezinkinga zako.
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