So wo kɔn ahonhon? Momma yɛnka goiter ho asɛm!

Ebia nnipa pii suro kakra bere a wohu sɛ wɔn kɔn mu ahonhon ketewaa bi no, ɛnte saa? Deɛn ni? Ebia woate ' Gout ' ho asɛm. Ɛnnɛ yɛrebɛka saa tebea yi ho asɛm, a wɔfrɛ no aduruyɛ mu sɛ `( Goiter )`. Nsuro, adeɛ a ɛho hia paa ne sɛ wobɛhunu yei.

Dɛn ne saa thyroid ntini yi?

Okay, di kan ma yɛnhwɛ nea saa `(Goiter)` anaa thyroid gland yi yɛ. Saa thyroid ntini yi yɛ ntini ketewaa bi a ɛte sɛ ntontom wɔ wo kɔn mu, titiriw wɔ wo kɔn mu dompe no ase pɛɛ. Eyi yɛ yɛn nipadua no `( Endocrine system )` no fã.

Ɛwom sɛ ɛyɛ nketewa de, nanso hormone ahorow a thyroid gland no yɛ no ho hia yiye. Nnuru titiriw abien a wɔyɛ wɔ ha ne thyroxine (a wɔtaa frɛ no `(T4)`) ne triiodothyronine (a wɔsan frɛ no `(T3)`). Saa nkwaadɔm yi ka yɛn nipadua no dwumadi ahorow pii a ɛho hia yiye mu. Nhwɛsoɔ:

• Yɛn nipadua mu nneɛma a ɛsakra ne ɔkwan a ɛnam so dan aduan a yedi no ma ɛbɛyɛ ahoɔden.
• Nipadua mu hyew a wɔhwɛ so .
• Nneɛma te sɛ yɛn adwene , dadwen, ne nea ɛkeka ho.
• Koma a ɛbɔ .
• Ɔkwan a wɔfa so di aduan mu .

Woahu, ɛwom sɛ ɛyɛ ketewaa de, nanso ɛyɛ adwuma pii. Enti sɛ saa ntini yi hohoro kɛkɛ, anaasɛ ɛma hormone pii anaa kakraa bi mpo a, yebetumi ahyia ɔhaw ahorow.

Enti, so ɔbotan yi ahorow bi wɔ hɔ?

Yiw, wobetumi akyekyɛ saa goiter yi mu wɔ akwan abien so. Biako ne sɛnea enyin te. Ɔfoforo no te sɛnea wo thyroid hormone dodow te.

Wɔakyekyɛ mu sɛnea ɔkwan a wɔfa so nyin te:

• Simple anaa Diffuse Goiter: Eyi ne bere a thyroid gland no nyinaa hohoro na sɛ woka a, ɛte sɛ nea ɛyɛ mmerɛw.
• Nodular Goiter: Wɔ eyi mu no, akisikuru a ɛyɛ den anaa nsu ahyɛ mu ma (nodule) ba wɔ thyroid ntini no mu, na sɛ wɔde wɔn nsa ka a, ɛte sɛ akuru.
• Multinodular Goiter: Eyi ne bere a ntini pii nyin wɔ thyroid ntini no mu. Ebia wobehu saa ntini ahorow yi afi akyi anaasɛ wobetumi ahu bere a wɔreyɛ nhwehwɛmu nkutoo.

Wɔakyekyɛ mu sɛnea thyroid hormone dodow te:

• Toxic Goiter: Wɔ eyi mu no, thyroid ntini no hohoro na ɛma thyroid hormone pii ba. Eyi de tebea bi a wɔfrɛ no hyperthyroidism ba.
• Nontoxic Goiter: Wɔ eyi mu no, thyroid ntini no ahonhon, nanso hormone dodow no yɛ nea ɛfata. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ hyperthyroidism anaasɛ hypothyroidism biara nni hɔ, a ɛyɛ tebea a thyroid hormone dodow sua. Nnuruyɛfo nso frɛ saa tebea yi euthyroid.

Ɛtɔ mmere bi a nnuruyɛfo de saa ahorow abien yi bom. Sɛ nhwɛso no, ``Toxic Multinodular Goiter'' yɛ tebea a ɛma ntini pii ba wɔ thyroid ntini no mu na ɛma hormone a ɛboro so ba.

Hena na ɛda adi kɛse sɛ obenya saa akisikuru yi?

Nokwarem no, obiara betumi anya goiter. Nanso wɔka sɛ mmea taa nya bi sen mmarima mmɔho anan . Afei nso, asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ obi benya goiter no yɛ kɛse bere a obi nyin no. Ɛtaa ba bere a obi adi mfe 40 akyi .

Nea ɛka ho no, nnipa a wɔwɔ tebea horow a edidi so yi nso taa nya akisikuru:

• Obolo
• Insulin a ɛko tia
• Nkwammoaa mu nkwaadɔm mu yare

Afei nso, sɛ wɔde mframa a ano yɛ den ahyɛ wo ti ne wo kɔn mu sɛ aduruyɛ, anaasɛ obi wɔ w’abusua mu wɔ abusua abakɔsɛm mu sɛ ɔwɔ thyroid yare , wo nso asiane kɛse wom sɛ wubenya goiter.

Tebea yi abu so dɛn?

Kokoram a ɛwɔ akisikuru mu yɛ tebea a ɛtaa ba ankasa. Sɛ nhwɛso no, wɔ United States no, nnipa dodow bɛyɛ 5% na wɔwɔ bi.

Nanso wɔ wiase nyinaa no, nea ɛde goiter ba titiriw ne iodine a enni nipadua no mu . Wɔkyerɛ sɛ nnipa bɛyɛ ɔpepem 2.2 na ɔhaw yi rehu amane.

Ɛsono sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ yiye sɛ obi benya goiter a egyina sɛnea iodine a enni nipadua mu no mu yɛ den so:

• Sɛ iodine a enni nipadua no mu no sua a , hokwan wɔ hɔ sɛ obi benya goiter 5% kosi 20%.
• Sɛ iodine a enni nipadua mu no yɛ nea ɛkɔ fam a , ɛkɔ soro kodu 20% kosi 30%.
• Sɛ iodine a enni nipadua no mu yɛ den a , sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ yiye sɛ obi benya goiter no betumi akɔ soro akodu bɛboro 30%.

Sɛ mewɔ gallstone a, sɛnkyerɛnne bɛn na mɛhu?

Goiter kɛse betumi ayɛ nea ɛyɛ ketewaa koraa, a ɛkame ayɛ sɛ wontumi nhu, kosi kɛse paa. Mpɛn pii no, obi a ɔyare akisikuru no nyɛ yaw. Nanso, sɛ wowɔ thyroiditis, a ɛyɛ bere a wo thyroid gland no hohoro na ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ a, ebia wobɛte ɛyaw.

Yebetumi ahu sɛnkyerɛnne atitiriw no sɛ:

• Ɛte sɛ akuru bi wɔ wo kɔn anim , wɔ wo kɔn mu dompe no ase pɛɛ.
• Sɛ́ wobɛte nka sɛ biribi akɔhyɛ wo menewam .
• Hoarseness (nne a ɛsakra).
• Ɛte sɛ nea ntini a ɛwɔ kɔn no mu no ayɛ kɛse.
• Sɛ wote nka sɛ wo ho ayɛ wo yaw bere a woma wo nsa so wɔ wo ti so no.

Nsɛnkyerɛnne afoforo wɔ hɔ a ɛntaa nsi:

• Ahome a ɛyɛ tiaa .
• Ɛwa.
• Nnyigyei a ɛyɛ abɛn bere a wɔrehome (esiane mframa kwan a asiw nti).
• Ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛmene (esiane aduannoa kwan a ɛsiw nti).

Ebia nnipa binom nso benya tebea bi a wɔfrɛ no hyperthyroidism, a ɛyɛ thyroid hormone a ɛkɔ soro ka goiter ho. Sɛ eyi ba a, sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow te sɛ:

• Koma a ɛbɔ ntɛmntɛm (Tachycardia) .
• Sɛ́ wobɛyɛ teateaa a ntease biara nnim .
• Ayamtuo.
• Fifiri a ɛba bere a wonteɛteɛ w’apɔw mu mpo anaasɛ bere a dan mu hyew nkɔ soro dodo mpo no.
• Nipadua a ɛwosow.
• Brɛ.

Afei nso, ebia nnipa binom benya tebea bi a wɔfrɛ no hypothyroidism, a ɛyɛ tebea a ɛma thyroid hormone so tew ka goiter ho. Sɛ ɛba saa a, ebia wubehu sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow te sɛ:

• Ɔbrɛ kɛse a wɔte nka (Ɔbrɛ) .
• Ayamtim.
• Wora a ɛyɛ nwunu.
• Ɔyɛ kɛse a ntease biara nnim .
• Mmea brayɛ a ɛnkɔ so daa.

Dɛn nti na saa akisikuru yi ba? Dɛn na ɛde ba?

Goiter yɛ sɛnea wo thyroid ntini nkwammoaa no yɛ wɔn ade wɔ adeyɛ biara a esiw thyroid hormone ahorow a wɔyɛ no kwan no ho ankasa. Ɛwom sɛ iodine a enni nipadua mu ne ade titiriw a ɛde akisikuru ba wɔ wiase nyinaa de, nanso nneɛma afoforo pii wɔ hɔ a ɛde ba.

Nneɛma a ebetumi ama obi anya akisikuru ne:

• Iodine a enni nipadua mu: Wo thyroid gland hia iodine na ama ayɛ thyroid hormone. Sɛ wunnya iodine a ɛdɔɔso mfi aduan a wudi mu a, thyroid gland no bɔ mmɔden sɛ ɛbɛyɛ thyroid hormone pii. Ɛma nkwammoaa pii, na ɛno kyerɛ sɛ ɛyɛ kɛse. Eyi ne ade titiriw nti a ɛwɔ wiase nyinaa. Nanso, wɔ aman te sɛ Sri Lanka mu no, eyi sua kakra esiane nkyene a wɔde iod ayɛ a wɔde di dwuma nti. Yebetumi anya iodine dodow a wɔhwehwɛ afi po mu nnuan, nufusu mu nneɛma, ne nkyene a wɔde iodine ayɛ mu. Nanso, sɛ obi nom iodine a wonnya nnuruyɛfo afotu a, ɛmfata mma nnipa pii, efisɛ ebetumi de akwahosan ho haw afoforo aba.
• Graves yare: Eyi yɛ yare a nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ w’ankasa nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no tow hyɛ wo thyroid ntini no so, na ɛma ɛyɛ kɛse. Graves yare nso betumi de tebea bi a wɔfrɛ no hyperthyroidism aba, na ɛsɛ sɛ wɔsa.
• Hashimoto yare: Eyi nso yɛ yare a nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa. Ɛma thyroid ntini no ho hyehye. Wɔ nnipa binom mu no, Hashimoto yare no ma thyroid ntini no trɛw sɛ tebea a wɔde tua ka. Mpɛn pii no, saa goiter yi ankasa yɛ yiye bere a bere kɔ so no. Nanso, ɛsɛ sɛ nnipa binom a wɔwɔ Hashimoto no nom nnuru a ɛma nipadua no nya thyroid hormone.
• Thyroid kokoram: .Kokoram a ɛwɔ thyroid ntini mu nso betumi ama ntini no ayɛ kɛse.
• Nyinsɛn: Wɔ nyinsɛn mu no, thyroid ntini no betumi ayɛ kɛse kakra esiane hormone ``Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG)'' a ɛba ɔbea nipadua mu nti.
• Thyroiditis: Thyroid gland no ankasa a ɛyɛ hyew nso betumi ama ntini no ayɛ kɛse. Nneɛma pii betumi ama eyi aba.

Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, goiters betumi anya a ntease pɔtee biara nni ho. Yɛfrɛ wɔn ``Sporadic goiters``. Nnuru bi nso betumi de eyi aba. Sɛ nhwɛsoɔ no, aduru ``Lithium`` a wɔde sa adwenemyareɛ binom no tumi de saa goiter yi ba.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na nnuruyɛfo hu eyi pɛpɛɛpɛ?

Sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn a, wobetumi ahwɛ wo kɔn mu sɛ ebia thyroid gland ayɛ kɛse denam te a wɔbɛte nka no so. Nanso goiter kyerɛ sɛ ɔhaw bi wɔ wo thyroid gland no ho. Enti ɛsɛ sɛ wuhu nea saa ɔhaw no yɛ.

Nnuruyɛfo yɛ nhwehwɛmu pii ma ɛno:

• Nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu: Sɛnea madi kan aka no, oduruyɛfo no bɛte wo kɔn no nka ahwɛ sɛ ebia akuru anaa ɛyaw bi wɔ hɔ anaa.
• Thyroid mogya mu nhwehwɛmu: Saa mogya mu nhwehwɛmu yi kyerɛ thyroid hormone dodow. Eyi betumi aboa ma wɔahu sɛ ebia thyroid ntini no reyɛ adwuma yiye anaa.
• Antibody test: Saa mogya mu nhwehwɛmu yi hwehwɛ antibodies pɔtee bi a goiter ahorow bi de ba. Nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa yɛ protein ahorow a yɛn mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa no yɛ. Eyinom na ɛbɔ yɛn ho ban fi mmoawa a wɔde nyarewa ba ho.
• Thyroid ultrasound: Ultrasound yɛ sɔhwɛ a wɔde nnyigyei asorɔkye a ano yɛ den di dwuma de fa nipadua no mu ntini mu. Wɔde mfonini ahorow a efi mu ba no bɛda adi wɔ kɔmputa so. Afei oduruyɛfo no betumi “ahu” thyroid ntini no, ahwɛ ne kɛse ne sɛ ebia akisikuru bi wɔ hɔ anaa.
• Biopsy: Biopsy yɛ adeyɛ a ɛhwehwɛ sɛ wɔfa ntini anaa nkwammoaa bi na wɔsɔ hwɛ wɔ lab. Sɛ wowɔ akisikuru kɛse bi wɔ wo thyroid ntini mu a, ebia ebehia sɛ wɔyɛ wo nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu. Wɔtaa yɛ eyi de yi kokoram fi hɔ.
• Thyroid a wɔfa ne scan: Saa mfoniniyɛ nhwehwɛmu yi ma wonya nsɛm a ɛfa thyroid ntini no kɛse ne ne dwumadi ho. Nea ɛka ho ne sɛ wɔde radioactive nneɛma kakraa bi pɛ bɛhyɛ ntini bi mu na wɔayɛ thyroid gland no mfonini wɔ kɔmputa so. Nanso, ɛnyɛ bere nyinaa na wɔyɛ sɔhwɛ yi na mfaso wɔ so wɔ nsɛm titiriw nkutoo mu.
• CT mfonini anaa MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): .Sɛ tonsils no sõ yiye anaasɛ atrɛw akɔ koko no fã a, wobetumi ayɛ CT scan anaa MRI de asusuw tonsils no kɛse ne ne trɛw.

So abo a ɛwɔ akisikuru mu no ankasa bɛyɛ yiye?

Ebia goiter a ɛnyɛ den no ankasa ho bɛtɔ no wɔ bere bi akyi, a wɔrensa no yare biara.

Goiters pii te sɛ multinodular goiters nya bere a thyroid hormone dodow yɛ nea ɛfata no. Sɛ oduruyɛfo hu yare no wie a, ayaresa pɔtee biara ho nhia. Nanso, ebia wobɛkɔ asiane mu sɛ wubenya hypothyroidism anaasɛ hyperthyroidism daakye.

Nanso, sɛ wuhu sɛ wo thyroid ntini no ayɛ kɛse a, ɛho hia yiye sɛ wobɛkɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn . Efisɛ nneɛma pii na ɛde akisikuru ba, na ebinom hia ayaresa.

Dɛn ne ayaresa ahorow a ɛwɔ hɔ?

Ayaresa a wɔde sa goiter no gyina sɛnea wo thyroid gland no kɛse te, nea wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow te, ne nea ɛde ba no so. Ayaresa ahorow pii wɔ hɔ a wobetumi apaw:

• Ayaresa biara nni hɔ / “Watchful waiting”: Sɛ goiter no sua na ɛnhaw wo a, ebia wo duruyɛfo besi gyinae sɛ ayaresa ho nhia. Nanso ɔbɛhwɛ wo thyroid no so yiye ahwɛ sɛ nsakrae bi aba anaa.
• Nnuru a Wɔde Yɛ:
• Levothyroxine (e.g. Levothroid®, Synthroid®) yɛ aduru a wɔde si thyroid hormone ananmu. Ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛkyerɛw saa aduru yi sɛ wo goiter no fi thyroid hormone dodow a ɛba fam (hypothyroidism) a.
• Sɛ nea ɛde goiter ba ne thyroid hormone a ɛkɔ soro (Hyperthyroidism) a, wɔma no nnuru afoforo. Nhwɛsoɔ bi ne Methimazole (e.g. Tapazole®) ne Propylthiouracil.
• Sɛ nea ɛde tonsils no ba ne ɔfe a, oduruyɛfo no betumi akyerɛw aspirin anaa corticosteroid.
• Radioactive iodine therapy: Wɔde saa ayaresa yi sa hyperthyroidism. Wɔ saa ayaresa yi mu no, wɔnom iodine a ɛyɛ radioactive no wɔ anom. Saa iodine yi hyɛn thyroid ntini no mu na ɛsɛe thyroid nkwammoaa, na ɛma ntini no twetwe. Sɛ wowie saa ayaresa yi a, ebia ebehia sɛ wonom nnuru a wɔde si thyroid hormone ananmu wo nkwa nna nyinaa.
• Oprehyɛn: Ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛkamfo oprehyɛn bi a wɔfrɛ no thyroidectomy akyerɛ de ayi wo thyroid gland no nyinaa anaa ne fã bi afi hɔ. Ebia ɛho behia sɛ wɔyɛ oprehyɛn sɛ goiter no sõ na ɛma ɛyɛ den sɛ ɔbɛhome anaasɛ ɔbɛmene a. Ɛtɔ mmere bi nso a wɔde oprehyɛn yi ntini a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu no fi hɔ. Mpɛn pii no, sɛ kokoram wɔ hɔ a, ɛho hia sɛ wɔyɛ oprehyɛn. Ebia ebehia sɛ wonom nnuru a wɔde si thyroid hormone ananmu wo nkwa nna nyinaa, egyina thyroid ntini dodow a woyi fi hɔ so.

So yebetumi asiw eyi ano?

Iodine a enni nipadua mu hoiter (simple goiter) nkutoo ne goiter a yɛtaa siw ano. Wobetumi asiw saa goiter yi ano denam mpataa, nufusu mu nneɛma, ne nkyene a wɔde iod afra mu (pon so nkyene) a ɛdɔɔso a wɔde bɛka aduan no ho no so. Wɔ goiter ahorow afoforo fam no, mpɛn pii no, wɔmfa iodine a wɔde ma anaa nnuru afoforo a wɔde ka ho a wɔmfa nnuruyɛfo afotu mma wɔn. Ebia wɔbɛpira pii sen sɛ wɔbɛboa.

Dɛn ne tebea yi ho anidaso? (Nkɔmhyɛ) .

Nkɔmhyɛ a ɛfa akisikuru ho no gyina ne su ne nea ɛde ba so.

Goiter a ɛnyɛ den no wɔ adwene pa. Nanso, sɛ thyroid ntini no kɔ so yɛ kɛse a, ebetumi apia ntini a atwa ho ahyia no, na ama ayɛ den sɛ ɔbɛhome, amene, na ayɛ den.

Sɛ goiter yɛ thyroid tebea foforo te sɛ Graves yare anaa Hashimoto yare ho sɛnkyerɛnne a, adwene no gyina nea ɛde wo thyroid kɛse ba no so.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mekɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn wɔ me gallstones ho?

Ɛmfa ho nea enti a ɛte saa no, sɛ wɔahu sɛ wowɔ goiter a, ɛho hia yiye sɛ wobɛkɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn daa (anyɛ yiye koraa no pɛnkoro afe biara) na wahwɛ so.

Sɛ wunya sɛnkyerɛnne foforo biara a, wo ne wo duruyɛfo nkasa.

Wo thyroid yɛ ntini a ɛho hia yiye wɔ wo endocrine nhyehyɛe mu, na ɛka nneɛma pii wɔ wo nipadua mu. Thyroid a ayɛ kɛse betumi ayɛ thyroid tebea bi a ɛda adi ho sɛnkyerɛnne. Asɛmpa no ne sɛ wobetumi asa goiters na ɛtɔ mmere bi a wɔn ankasa kɔ. Sɛ wuhu sɛ akisikuru bi wɔ wo kɔn anim a, wo ne wo duruyɛfo nkasa. Obetumi ahwɛ sɛ ɛyɛ goiter ne nea ɛde ba anaa.

Nkrasɛm a Etwa To a Wɔde Kɔ Fie

Okay, enti ɛfiri deɛ yɛaka ho asɛm no mu no, mewɔ anidasoɔ sɛ woanya Goiter ho nteaseɛ pa. Sɛ yɛbɛbɔ no mua a:

• Goiter yɛ thyroid ntini a ɛho ahonhon. Eyi betumi de nneɛma pii aba.
• Sɛ wuhu biribi te sɛ wo kɔn mu ahonhon, ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛmene, ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛhome, anaa wo nne a ɛsakra a, hwɛ hu sɛ wobɛhwehwɛ aduruyɛfo afotu.
• Ɛnyɛ akisikuru nyinaa na ɛho hia sɛ wɔsa yare, nanso ɛho hia sɛ wuhu nea ɛde ba na sɛ ɛho hia a, wohwehwɛ ayaresa.
• Ɛwom sɛ iodine a enni nipadua mu no yɛ ade titiriw a ɛde ba wɔ wiase de, nanso tebea no sua wɔ yɛn man yi mu esiane nkyene a iodine wom nti.
• Mfa thyroid hormone anaa iodine nnuru da a wunni aduruyɛfo afotu.
• Sɛ wowɔ goiter a, ɛho hia yiye sɛ woyɛ nhwehwɛmu daa sɛnea wo duruyɛfo kyerɛ wo no.

Biribiara nni hɔ a ɛsɛ sɛ wusuro, wobetumi adi tebea horow yi ho dwuma yiye wɔ aduruyɛ akwankyerɛ a ɛfata ase.