Dɛn ne Aldosterone? Ma yɛnhwehwɛ sɛnea ɛka wo mogya mmoroso!

So woate Aldosterone ho asɛm pɛn? Ebia wo duruyɛfo aka ho asɛm, anaasɛ ebia woate din no bere a woreka wo mogya mmoroso ho asɛm no. Nokwarem no, ɛyɛ hormone ketewaa bi nanso ɛho hia yiye wɔ yɛn nipadua mu. Ɛboa ma sodium ne potassium dodow a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu no yɛ adwuma yiye na ɛma yɛn mogya mmoroso yɛ nea ɛfata. Enti, momma yɛnka Aldosterone ho asɛm nnɛ wɔ ɔkwan a ɛnyɛ den so a wubetumi ate ase, ɛyɛ?

Dɛn ne aldosterone? Ɛhe na efi?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, Aldosterone yɛ hormone a wo adrenal glands na ɛyɛ . So wunim nea saa adrenal ntini ahorow yi yɛ? Wɔyɛ ntini nketewa abien a ɛte sɛ ahinanan a ɛte sɛ kyɛw nketewa wɔ w’asaabo atifi. Wɔyɛ yɛn endocrine nhyehyɛe no fã . Saa ntini yi yɛ nkwaadɔm pii a ɛho hia yɛn nipadua.

Hormone ahorow te sɛ nnuru abɔfo a ɛma yɛn nipadua no yɛ adwuma bom. Wɔnam mogya no mu na wɔka nea ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ ne bere a ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ kyerɛ akwaa, ntini, ne ntini afoforo.

Afei, saa hormone yi , Aldosterone, hwɛ sodium ne potassium dodow a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu no so. Wɔfrɛ saa sodium ne potassium yi electrolytes . Eyinom ne nea ɛboa ma nipadua no mu nsu kari pɛ na ɛboa ma ntini ne ntini ahorow yɛ adwuma yiye. Afei nso, Aldosterone na ɛhwɛ nsu dodow a asaabo no san twetwe no so. Eyi ma mogya dodow kɔ soro na ɛka mogya mmoroso.

Enti, sɛ́ ebia wo aldosterone dodow sua anaasɛ ɛkɔ soro no, ebetumi aka w’akwahosan.

Ɔsom bɛn na aldosterone de ma yɛn nipadua?

Aldosterone adwuma titiriw ne sɛ ɛbɛboa ma wo mogya mmoroso ayɛ yiye. Ɛboa ma wɔyɛ adwuma a ɛho hia yi wɔ akwan pii so:

• Aldosterone ma akwaa te sɛ w’asaabo ne w’akyi berɛmo kyerɛ ma sodium dodow a wɔde ka wo mogya mu no nkɔ soro anaasɛ ɛma potassium dodow a ɛba wo nsu mu no nkɔ soro.
• Sɛ sodium dodow kɔ soro wɔ saa kwan yi so a, nipadua no fi ase kura nsu mu, na ɛma mogya no dɔɔso.

Eyi nyinaa ho hia, bere a mogya mmoroso so atew no, na ama asan aba tebea a ɛfata mu.

Wɔ ɔkwan a ɛnteɛ so no, aldosterone nso boa ma wo mogya mu pH (i.e. acid-base balance) ne electrolyte dodow kɔ so tra hɔ.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔhwɛ aldosterone dodow so? Momma yɛnhwɛ mu yiye!

Aldosterone yɛ hormone, enzyme, protein, ne nneyɛe a ɛyɛ den a wɔfrɛ no Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) no fã. Ɛno titiriw na ɛhwɛ mogya mmoroso so.

Fa eyi sɛ adeyɛ a ɛkɔ so anammɔn biara:

1. Nea edi kan no, sɛ wo mogya so tew a , enzyme bi a wɔfrɛ no renin fi w’asaabo mu kɔ wo mogya mu.

2. Saa renin yi kɔ na ɛpaapae protein bi a wɔfrɛ no angiotensinogen , a wɔyɛ wɔ wo mmerɛbo mu. Asinasin no mu biako ne angiotensin I. Eyi nyɛ adwuma saa bere no, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ enni nkɛntɛnso kɛse.

3. Afei, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) a efi w’ahurututu mu no ba mu na ɛpaapae Angiotensin I yi mu asinasin pii. Saa asinasin no mu biako ne hormone a ɛyɛ adwuma a wɔfrɛ no Angiotensin II .

4. Eyi ne baabi a Angiotensin II yɛ adwuma a ɛho hia no:

• Biako ne sɛ wɔbɛma mogya mmoroso akɔ soro denam mogya ntini nketenkete (arterioles) ntini afasu a wɔbɛma atwetwe no so.
• Ɔfoforo no ne sɛ "ɛkyerɛ" wo adrenal glands no sɛ ɛbɛma aldosterone afi mu.
• Ɛsan nso ka kyerɛ wo pituitary gland no sɛ ɛnyi Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) , a wɔsan frɛ no Vasopressin , no mfi adi.

5. Enti, Aldosterone ne ADH bom yɛ adwuma de ka kyerɛ asaabo no sɛ wɔmma sodium nkɔ nipadua no mu. Aldosterone ma asaabo no yi potassium fi nsu mu. Sɛ sodium dodow a ɛwɔ mogya no mu kɔ soro a, nsu kɔ so tra nipadua no mu. Eyi ma mogya dodow ne mogya mmoroso kɔ soro.

Eyi ne ɔkwan a wɔfa so wie Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System no. So wote saa adeyɛ no ase?

Nnuru afoforo te sɛ corticosteroids , estrogen, ne thyroid nkwaadɔm nso betumi ama nhyehyɛe yi ayɛ adwuma.

Sɛ ɔhaw bi wɔ nhyehyɛe yi fã biara mu a, ebetumi aka wo mogya mmoroso ne sodium ne potassium dodow. Nanso, ɛho hia sɛ wokae sɛ nneɛma afoforo pii betumi aka wo mogya mmoroso, te sɛ srade a ɛdɔɔso, awosu, ne nnuru bi.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wobɛhwɛ sɛnea aldosterone dodow te?

Sɔhwɛ titiriw a nnuruyɛfo de hwɛ sɛ ebia ɔhaw ahorow a ɛfa aldosterone ho wɔ hɔ ne Aldosterone: Renin Ratio Test . Esiane sɛ renin ne aldosterone wɔ abusuabɔ kɛse nti, sɔhwɛ yi betumi ahu sɛ ebia ɔhaw no yɛ ɔhaw a ɛfa aldosterone a wɔyɛ ne ne dwumadi ho ara kwa, anaasɛ ɔhaw bi wɔ renin-angiotensin nhyehyɛe no ankasa mu.

Wɔ saa Aldosterone: Renin Ratio Test yi ho no, wɔtaa yi mogya fi ntini bi a ɛwɔ wo basa mu mu.

Nnuruyɛfo nso betumi asusuw aldosterone dodow a ɛwɔ wo mogya ne/anaasɛ wo nsu mu no ara kwa.

Ɛtɔ da bi a, wo duruyɛfo betumi ahyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ catheter nhwehwɛmu mfa nnye mogya mfi ntini bi a ɛwɔ w’asaabo mu (a ɛfa renin ho) anaa ntini bi a ɛwɔ wo adrenal gland (a ɛfa aldosterone ho) mu. Eyi yɛ sɔhwɛ a oduruyɛfo a watete ne ho titiriw na ɔyɛ wɔ ayaresabea.

Dɛn ne aldosterone dodow a ɛfata?

Nsonsonoe a ɛfata ma aldosterone dodow betumi ayɛ soronko kakra wɔ aduruyɛdan biako mu. Enti, hwɛ hu sɛ wobɛhwɛ sɛnea ɛyɛ daa wɔ wo lab amanneɛbɔ so, anaasɛ bisa wo duruyɛfo sɛ wowɔ nsɛmmisa bi fa nea efi mu ba no ho a.

Ɛsono sɛnea aldosterone dodow a ɛwɔ mogya no mu no te sɛnea mfe a obi adi no. Mpɛn pii no, dodow a ɛfata no te sɛ nea edidi so yi:

• Wɔ nkokoaa a wɔadi asram 1 kosi 12 fam no: 5.8 – 110.0 nanograms wɔ deciliter biara mu (ng/dL) .
• Wɔ mmofra a wɔadi mfe 1 kosi 5 fam no: < 36.0 ng/dL
• Wɔ mmofra a wɔadi mfe 6 kosi 9 fam no: < 24.0 ng/dL
• Wɔ mmofra a wɔadi mfe 10 kosi 11 fam no: < 15.0 ng/dL
• Wɔ mmofra a wɔadi mfe 12 kosi 14 fam no: < 22.0 ng/dL
• Wɔ mmerante ne mmabaa a wɔadi mfe 15 kosi 17 fam no: 3.0 – 32.0 ng/dL
• Mpanyimfo a wɔadi mfe 18 kosi 99: 3.1 – 35.4 ng/dL

Sɛ yɛhwɛ aldosterone dodow wɔ nnɔnhwerew 24 nsu mu nhwehwɛmu mu a, nea ɛfata no yɛ microgram 3 – 25 wɔ nnɔnhwerew 24 biara mu (3 – 25 mcg/24 hrs).

Sɛ aldosterone dodow kɔ soro a, dɛn na ɛba?

Sɛ aldosterone dodow dɔɔso sen sɛnea ɛte daa a, yɛfrɛ no hyperaldosteronism .

Nea ɛde eyi ba titiriw ne Primary Aldosteronism , a wɔsan frɛ no Conn’s syndrome . Saa tebea yi fi akisikuru a ɛnyɛ kokoram ( benign) a ɛtaa ba wo adrenal glands no biako mu.Eyi ma ntini no yɛ aldosterone pii sen sɛnea ɛsɛ sɛ ɛyɛ. Sɛ aldosterone dodow kɔ soro a, sodium dodow kɔ soro ( hypernatremia ) na potassium dodow so tew ( hypokalemia ). Eyi betumi ama electrolyte a ɛnkari pɛ.

Nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛkyerɛ sɛ aldosterone dɔɔso

Wɔ aldosteronism titiriw fam no, kyerɛ sɛ, sɛ aldosterone dodow kɔ soro a, sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow te sɛ:

• Mogya mmoroso (Hypertension) .
• Tipaeɛ
• Ntini mu mmerɛwyɛ , titiriw sɛ potassium dodow sua koraa a
• Sukɔm a ɛtra so ne nsu a wɔtaa tow

Sɛ wowɔ saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi a, ɛho hia yiye sɛ wohwehwɛ aduruyɛfo afotu ntɛm ara.

Sɛ aldosterone dodow so tew a, dɛn na ɛba?

Sɛ aldosterone dodow sua sen sɛnea ɛte daa a, yɛfrɛ no hypoaldosteronism . Eyi yɛ aldosterone a enni nipadua no mu, anaasɛ nea entumi nyɛ adwuma yiye. Sɛ aldosterone dodow sua a, sodium dodow so tew ( hyponatremia ), potassium dodow kɔ soro ( hyperkalemia ), na nipadua no ma acid pii ( metabolic acidosis ).

Nneɛma pii wɔ hɔ a ebetumi de hypoaldosteronism aba:

• Addison yare: Eyi yɛ tebea a ɛntaa nsi. Wɔsan frɛ no Primary Adrenal Insufficiency . Ɛyɛ yare a nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa . Eyi kyerɛ sɛ w’ankasa nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no tow hyɛ adrenal ntini no akyi fã (cortex) so. Wɔyɛ nkwaadɔm a wɔfrɛ no aldosterone ne cortisol nyinaa wɔ hɔ. Eyi ma nkwaadɔm abien no nyinaa dodow so tew.
• Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH): Eyi yɛ awosu mu nyarewa kuw bi a ɛka adrenal ntini ahorow no. Wɔwo nnipa a wɔwɔ CAH a enzyme ahorow bi a ehia na wɔde ayɛ hormone ahorow a adrenal glands no yɛ no nni mu.
• Akwahosan tebea horow bi: Nnipa a wɔwɔ asikreyare, asaabo mu yare, kɔbere awuduru, anaa aduruyɛ mu tebea horow a emu yɛ den betumi anya hypoaldosteronism.
• Nnuru bi: Nnuru a ɛnyɛ steroid a ɛko tia ɔyare mmoawa (NSAIDs) , HeparinSaa tebea yi nso betumi afi nnuru a wɔde sa komayare mu.

Nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛkyerɛ sɛ aldosterone sua

Mpɛn pii no, aldosterone dodow a ɛba fam (Hypoaldosteronism) betumi de sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow te sɛ:

• Mogya mmoroso a ɛba fam (Hypotension) .
• Ntini mu mmerɛwyɛ
• Abofono
• Koma a ɛbɔ denneennen
• Koma a ɛbɔ a ɛnteɛ (Arrhythmia) .

Ɛdenam nea ɛde wo hypoaldosteronism ba so no, ebia wubenya yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne afoforo. Sɛ nhwɛso no, wɔ Addison yare mu no, cortisol dodow a ɛba fam no betumi ama honam ani nsakrae (te sɛ nsensanee tuntum ne honam ani a ɛyɛ mmerɛw) ne asikre a ɛba mogya mu ( hypoglycemia ).

Sɛ wowɔ saa sɛnkyerɛnne yi bi a, kɔ wo duruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm ara.

Nea etwa to no, nneɛma a ɛsɛ sɛ wokae (Take-Home Message) .

Aldosterone yɛ hormone a ɛho hia na ama wɔatumi asiw mogya mmoroso ano. Sɛ ɛyɛ den ma wo sɛ wobɛkɔ so anya mogya mmoroso a ɛfata na wo nso woanya nsakrae wɔ wo mogya mu potassium dodow mu a, ɛyɛ papa sɛ wo ne wo duruyɛfo bɛkasa afa akwan afoforo a wɔfa so di mogya mmoroso ho dwuma ne nhwehwɛmu afoforo ho. Afei obetumi ahyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu nhwɛ sɛ ebia wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne no fi aldosterone dodow a ɛnteɛ anaa.

Mewɔ anidaso sɛ saa nsɛm yi so bɛba wo mfaso! Kɔ so nya apɔwmuden!

` Aldosterone, Aldosterone, Hormone, Mogya Nhyɛso, Adrenal Ntini, Sodium, Potassium