So wunhu ade yiye nso anadwo? Momma yensua pii fa Night Vision ho!

So ɛtɔ da bi a wote nka sɛ wuntumi nhu nneɛma yiye bere a wonam abɔnten so anadwo, anaa bere a esum ayɛ wo fie? So ɛtɔ mmere bi a wote nka sɛ ɛyɛ den kakra wɔ sini dan mu, wɔ baabi a kanea sua? Enti ɛnnɛ, momma yɛnka nea saa "anadwo anisoadehu " anaa (sɛnea wɔfrɛ no wɔ Borɔfo kasa mu) yi yɛ, sɛnea yɛn aniwa dannan ne ho, ne nea enti a nnipa binom atew anadwo anisoadehu so. Esiane sɛ eyi yɛ ɔhaw a nnipa pii wɔ nti, momma yɛnhwɛ eyi.

Sɛ obi hu ade anadwo a, ɛkyerɛ dɛn? So ɛno (Scotopic Anisoadehu)?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, anadwo anisoadehu yɛ tumi a obi tumi hu nneɛma wɔ hann a ɛba fam mu, anaa sum mu. Wɔ aduruyɛ mu no, wɔsan frɛ eyi Scotopic Vision . Eyi ne nneɛma a wubehu wɔ awia hann mu, wɔ kanea pa mu no bɔ abira koraa. Yɛfrɛ no Photopic Vision .

Fa no sɛ, yɛn ani ne yɛn amemene bom yɛ ade a wɔfrɛ no ade a yehu yi. Ɛte sɛ kuw adwuma. Wɔ awia hann mu, wɔ hann a wɔde nsa ayɛ mu, ne esum mu no, saa baanu yi bom dannan anyinam ahoɔden nsɛnkyerɛnne ma ɛbɛyɛ mfonini na wɔkyerɛ yɛn. So ɛnyɛ nwonwa?

Ɔkwan bɛn so na yɛn ani boa yɛn ma yehu ade wɔ sum mu?

Yɛn aniwa yɛ akwaa a ɛyɛ den yiye na ɛyɛ anifere yiye. Ma yɛnhwɛ nea ɛkɔ so wɔ aniwa no mu anadwo.

Hann fa aniwa no mu a ɛyɛ ntini a ɛwɔ aniwa no anim no mu. Eyi te sɛ ahwehwɛ a wɔde hwɛ ade. Afei hann yi fa tokuru tuntum ketewaa bi a ɛwɔ aniwa no mfinimfini mu. Wɔfrɛ eyi pupil , anaasɛ wɔ Sinhala kasa mu no, ‘ aniwa tuntum ’. Wɔfrɛ ɔfã a ɛwɔ kɔla a atwa saa aniwa yi ho ahyia no iris , anaa ‘aniwa anim’. Saa iris yi yɛ adwuma te sɛ ntini. Sɛ hann dɔɔso a, aniwa no twetwe, na sɛ hann sua, kyerɛ sɛ, esum mu a, aniwa no trɛw. Ɛyɛ adwuma te sɛ mfoninitwa afiri a wɔde hwɛ ade.

Nea edi hɔ no, ɔfã a ɛho hia sen biara no ba. Wɔ yɛn aniwa mu, titiriw wɔ retina , nkwammoaa ahorow abien a ɛte hann nka. Wɔfrɛ eyinom photoreceptors . Wɔne:

• Nkwammoaa a wɔde poma ayɛ
• Nkwammoaa a wɔfrɛ no Cone (Cones) .

Saa nkwammoaa yi na ɛkyere hann nketenkete anaa photon , a ɛkɔ aniwa no mu, dan no anyinam ahoɔden nsɛnkyerɛnne, na ɛde kɔ amemene no mu. Mpɛn pii no, yɛn aniwa no wɔ cone nkwammoaa bɛyɛ ɔpepem 6 ne poma nkwammoaa bɛyɛ ɔpepem 120! Ɛno yɛ dodow a ɛyɛ nwonwa, ɛnte saa?

Nsonsonoe bɛn na ɛwɔ abaa ne kɔn a wɔde yɛ nnua ntam?

Okay, afei momma yɛnhwɛ nsonsonoe a ɛda nkwammoaa abien yi ntam.

• Cones: Eyinom na ɛboa yɛn ma yehu kɔla. Saa cone nkwammoaa yi yɛ adwuma yiye wɔ awia hann ne hann pa mu. Wohu wɔn kɛse wɔ retina (Wɔ retina no mfinimfini , wɔ beae bi a wɔfrɛ no macula .
• Rods: Wɔyɛ yɛn asɛm no mu abran nnɛ! Saa poma nkwammoaa yi na ɛboa yɛn ma yehu nneɛma wɔ hann a ɛba fam mu, kyerɛ sɛ, esum mu. Wohu wɔn kɛse wɔ retina no akyi anoano . Ɛno nti na yenya anisoadehu a ɛwɔ akyirikyiri no . Nanso ade ketewaa bi wɔ hɔ, saa poma nkwammoaa yi ntumi nhu nsonsonoe a ɛda kɔla ahorow ntam. Ɛno nti na anadwo a yehu tuntum, fitaa ne fitaa nkutoo no.

Nea ɛsen saa no, saa poma nkwammoaa yi tumi te hann nka bɛyɛ mpɛn 500 kosi 1000 sen cone nkwammoaa! Ɛno kyerɛ sɛ wobetumi agye hann ketewaa bi mpo.

Dɛn nti na nkurɔfo ntumi nhu ade yiye anadwo te sɛ mmoa?

Ebia woahu sɛnea mmoa te sɛ mpataa ne akraman hu ade yiye anadwo. Dɛn nti na yentumi nyɛ saa? Nneɛma pii nti na ɛte saa.

• Mmoa bi wɔ aniwa akɛse sen nnipa.
• Afei nso, wɔn pupil , anaa aniwa tuntum no tumi bue kɛse sen nnipa, na ɛma hann pii hyɛn aniwa no mu.
• Ade titiriw foforo ne sɛ mmoa binom wɔ ntini bi a wɔfrɛ no Tapetum Lucidum wɔ wɔn aniwa mu. Eyi ma hann a ɛkɔ aniwa no mu no san kɔ retina no mu . Ɛte sɛ ahwehwɛ. Ɛno nti na wotumi de hann di dwuma mprenu no. Nnipa nni saa Tapetum Lucidum yi .

Ɔkwan bɛn so na yɛn anisoadehu sesa anadwo?

Sɛnea yɛadi kan aka no, abaa no ne nea ɛyɛ adwuma kɛse anadwo. Esiane sɛ wontumi nhu kɔla nti, yentumi nhu kɔla anadwo. Tuntum, fitaa, ne fitaa nkutoo na yehu. Te sɛ sini dedaw bi a wɔde tuntum ne fitaa ayɛ.

Wɔkyerɛ sɛ obi a ɔwɔ anisoadehu 20/20 awiabere tumi hu ade wɔ akyirikyiri bɛyɛ akwansin abiɛsa, ɛwom sɛ sɛnea Asase no kurukuruwa no mma yentumi nhu ade kɔ akyiri de. Nanso, yetumi hu nneɛma te sɛ adan ne nsoromma a ɛwɔ akyirikyiri sen saa koraa.

Dɛn ne Anadwo Anifurae?

Nnipa binom nhu ade yiye anadwo. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ wɔ sum mu mpo, a ɛyɛ ade a ɛfata ma afoforo no, wontumi nhu nneɛma yiye. Sɛ nhwɛso no, ɛyɛ den ma wɔn sɛ wobehu wɔ mmeae a hann nnim te sɛ adidibea anaa sinidan ahorow. Wɔfrɛ saa tebea yi Anadwo Anifurae , anaasɛ wɔ aduruyɛ mu no , Nyctalopia .

Nea ɛho hia ne sɛ Nyctalopia nyɛ yare biako pɛ. Ebetumi ayɛ aniwa mu yare foforo a ɛda adi ho sɛnkyerɛnne.

Mpɛn pii no, eyi ne nokwasɛm a ɛyɛ sɛ sɛ wufi baabi a hann wɔ yiye kɔ baabi a esum wɔ hɔ a, w’ani ntumi nsakra ntɛm no wɔ abusuabɔ. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, ebetumi ayɛ den ama nnipa a wonhu ade yiye, kyerɛ sɛ, wɔn a wɔn ani da hɔ no nso sɛ wobehu ade anadwo. Ɛyɛ nea efi retina no muEbia ɛnyɛ yare bi a ɛwɔ aniwa no mu na efi, na mmom ɛyɛ ɔhaw a ɛfa ɔkwan a hann fa so twe adwene si aniwa no mu no ho.

Dɛn ne nneɛma atitiriw a ɛma wotumi hu ade anadwo?

Nneɛma pii wɔ hɔ a ebetumi ama obi nhu ade yiye anadwo, anaasɛ nyctalopia . Ma yɛnhwɛ emu kakraa bi.

Glaucoma ne n’ayaresa

Glaucoma yɛ aniwa mu nyarewa kuw bi a ɛsɛe aniwa ntini a ɛyɛ ntini a ɛde nsɛnkyerɛnne fi retina no mu kɔ amemene no mu no. Glaucoma tumi ma obi nhu ade yiye anadwo. Afei nso, nnuru bi a wɔde sa atiridiinini te sɛ pilocarpine ma aniwa no yɛ mmerɛw . Eyi nso tumi ma obi nhu ade yiye anadwo.

Aniwa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw

Cataract yɛ tebea a ɛma aniwa no mu ahwehwɛ a emu da hɔ no yɛ mununkum na ɛyɛ mununkum. Eyi mma hann ntumi ntwe n’adwene yiye. Eyi yɛ tebea a abu so yiye, titiriw bere a yɛrenyin no. Wɔbu akontaa sɛ nnipa a wɔadi boro mfeɛ aduɔwɔtwe mu bɛboro 50% anya anaasɛ wɔanya atiridiinini. Ayaresa a wɔtaa de sa atiridiinini ne sɛ wɔbɛyɛ oprehyɛn ayi afi hɔ. Sɛ atiridiinini ba a, ade a wohu anadwo no so tew kɛse, titiriw bere a wɔreka kar no. Wobetumi ada adi te sɛ nea akanea apete.

Retinitis a Ɛyɛ Fɛ (RP) .

Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP) yɛ aniwa mu nyarewa kuw bi a wonya fi awo mu. Ɛka retina no tẽẽ . RP ho sɛnkyerɛnne a edi kan no mu biako ne sɛ obi nhu ade anadwo. Eyi taa ka aniwa abien no nyinaa. Nnipa pii a wɔwɔ RP no nhu ade yiye, na ebinom mpo betumi ani afura.

Vitamin A a Ɛho Hia

Vitamin A ho hia ma yɛn aniwa, titiriw ma yehu ade anadwo. Vitamin A ho hia na ama yɛatumi ayɛ nnuru bi a wɔfrɛ no rhodopsin, na ɛboa ma yehu ade anadwo. Vitamin A a enni nipadua no mu betumi ama obi nhu ade yiye anadwo. Nnipa a wonnidi aduan a ɛkari pɛ anaasɛ wɔayɛ wɔn oprehyɛn ahorow bi (te sɛ oprehyɛn a wɔde twa dwensɔtwaa mu) betumi anya vitamin A a wonni. Ɛnyɛ aniwa nko na ɛka, na mmom ebetumi aka honam ani, koma, ahurututu, ne nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa nso.

Asikreyare (Asikreyare) .

Asikreyare yɛ tebea a ɛma asikre dodow a ɛwɔ mogya mu, anaa glucose, kɔ soro. Asikreyare betumi de aniwa mu haw ahorow aba. Anisoadehu a ɛyɛ kusuu ne anadwo nhumu a ɛso tew yɛ emu bi. Enti, sɛ wowɔ asikreyare a, ɛho hia paa sɛ wohwɛ asikre dodow a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu no so. Afei nso, ɛho hia sɛ wokɔ aniwa ho oduruyɛfo nkyɛn daa na wohwɛ w’ani. Nea enti a ɛte saa ne sɛ asikreyare ma asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ obi benya tebea horow te sɛ atiridiinini ne ani a ɛyɛ mmerɛw no yɛ kɛse.

Macular Degeneration (ARMD) a ɛba bere a obi adi nti .

WeiAniwa mu yare a ɛma obi nyin (ARMD) nso yɛ aniwa mu yare a wobetumi anya afi awo mu. Ɛka mfinimfini anisoadehu titiriw . Mpɛn pii no, ɛnyɛ nea ɛka aniwa a ɛwɔ akyi no . Ɛtaa ba nnipa a wɔadi boro mfe 50. Ebetumi aka aniwa biako anaa abien no nyinaa.

Eyi yɛ akwan titiriw abien: nea ɛyɛ nwunu ne nea ɛyɛ nsu.

• Dry ARMD: Wɔ eyi mu no, nneɛma kɔkɔɔ a wɔfrɛ no drusen ba wɔ aniwa no fã a wɔfrɛ no macula . Afei macula no yɛ teateaa na ɛyɛ nwunu.
• Wet ARMD: Wɔ eyi mu no, mogya ntini a ɛnyɛ ne kwan so ba wɔ macula no ase na nsu no pue. Afei macula no hohoro.

Wɔ tebea horow yi nyinaa mu no, anadwo anisoadehu betumi aka.

Sɔhwɛ ahorow bɛn na wɔyɛ de hu nea ɛde adehu anadwo ba?

Sɛ woka kyerɛ oduruyɛfo bi sɛ wunhu ade yiye anadwo a, ade a obedi kan ayɛ ne sɛ ɔbɛhwɛ w’ani yiye. Obebisa w’ayaresa ho abakɔsɛm ne sɛnkyerɛnne afoforo ho asɛm. Nea ɛka ho no, ebia wɔbɛyɛ sɔhwɛ afoforo kakraa bi.

• Electroretinography: Saa sɔhwɛ yi hwɛ sɛnea wo retina yɛ n’ade wɔ hann ho.
• Pelli-Robson contrast sensitivity chart: Eyi te sɛ chart a yɛde kenkan nkrataa bere a yɛkɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn no. Nanso, eyi de tuntum fi ase na ɛde nkakrankakra kɔ fitaa. Eyi kyerɛ sɛnea wubetumi ahu nsonsonoe a ɛda akuturuku ahorow mu yiye.
• Mogya mu nhwehwɛmu: Ebia wobɛyɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu nso de ahwɛ sɛnea wo vitamin A ne glucose dodow te.

Saa sɔhwɛ ahorow yi nkutoo ne ɔkwan a wɔfa so hu nea ɛde ba ankasa.

So ebetumi aba sɛ wubenya anisoadehu 20/20 awia nanso wunhu ade anadwo?

Yiw, ebetumi aba koraa. Sɛ wowɔ anisoadehu a edi mũ awiabere (20/20 anisoadehu) mpo a, ebia ɛbɛyɛ den ama wo sɛ wubehu ade anadwo anaa hann kakraa bi mu.

Ebia w’ani a wuhu anadwo no so bɛtew nkakrankakra bere a bere kɔ so no. Nanso, sɛ wuhyia eyi a, ɛho hia sɛ wo ne w’akwahosan kuw no kasa. Eyi ho hia titiriw sɛ wowɔ ayaresa tebea afoforo te sɛ asikreyare a.

Nea ɛsɛ sɛ yɛkae fi nea yɛkaa ho asɛm no mu (Take-Home Message) .

Okay, enti yɛaka anadwo anisoadehunu ho asɛm pii nnɛ. Nneɛma a ɛho hia paa a ɛsɛ sɛ wokae ni:

• Anadwo a yebehu, kyerɛ sɛ, anadwo anisoadehu ho hia yiye ma yɛn da biara da asetra.
• Sɛ wuhu nsakrae anaa adehwere biara wɔ w’ani a wuhu anadwo no mu a, mmu w’ani ngu so. Hwɛ hu sɛ wobɛhwehwɛ aduruyɛfo afotu.
• Ɛho hia yiye sɛ wobɛhwɛ w'ani bere ne bere mu .Titiriw sɛ wowɔ tebea horow te sɛ asikreyare, atiridiinini, anaa sɛ obi a ɔwɔ w’abusua mu wɔ aniwa mu nyarewa ahorow yi a.
• Aduan a ɛkari pɛ a wodi ne apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ betumi aboa ma aniwa akwahosan akɔ so ayɛ yiye.

Mma wo werɛ mmfi sɛ, yɛn ani yɛ agyapade a ɛsom bo paa. Enti, ɛyɛ yɛn asɛde sɛ yɛhwɛ wɔn yiye. Sɛ wowɔ ɔhaw bi a, nsuro sɛ wo ne oduruyɛfo bɛkasa.

` Anadwo anisoadehu, aniwa a wohu, anadwo anisoadehu, anadwo anifurae, aniwa akwahosan, retina, glaucoma