So wo nso wo ho yɛ wo hyew wɔ saa nneɛma yi ho? Momma yensua pii fa akisikuru ho.

So ɛtɔ mmere bi a ɛyɛ wo yaw a ntease biara nnim? So wote nka sɛ wowɔ atiridii na wo hwene ayɛ wo yaw? Ebetumi afi biribi a wunsusuw ho mpo nti. Yɛfrɛ eyi sɛ ‘allergy’. Nnipa pii nnim ho hwee. Enti momma yɛnka ho asɛm nkɔ akyiri nnɛ, efisɛ ɛka nnipa pii.

Dɛn ankasa ne saa akisikuru yi?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, akisikuru yɛ ade a yɛn nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no yɛ a yɛmpɛ. Susuw ho saa kwan yi so: yɛn nipadua no wɔ ahobammɔ nhyehyɛe, yɛfrɛ no nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa . Ɛte sɛ asraafo dɔm a wɔbɔ ɔman bi ho ban. Saa nhyehyɛe yi ko tia mmoawa, mmoawa, ne mmoawa a efi abɔnten ba na ɛmma yɛnyare. Nanso ɛtɔ da bi a, sɛ nneɛma a ɛnyɛ asiane mma yɛn ankasa – sɛ nhwɛso no, pollen, mfutuma, ne nnuan bi – hyɛn yɛn nipadua mu a, yɛn nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa no di mfomso susuw sɛ eyi yɛ ɔtamfo kɛse. Afei efi ase ko tia no a ɛho nhia. Ɛno nti na yɛfrɛ no allergy kɛkɛ no. Saa adeyɛ yi na ɛma yenya yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow, te sɛ ɛyaw ne ahurututu.

Dɛn ne akisikuru a ɛtaa ba a yebetumi anya?

Nneɛma a yentumi nkan wɔ hɔ a yɛn ho yɛ yɛn yaw, nanso nea ɛtaa ba no mu kakraa bi ni:

• Ntɛtea awuduru ne nkoekoemmoa afoforo a wɔwe wɔn: Nnipa binom betumi ayɛ wɔn ayayade kɛse wɔ mmoa te sɛ ntɛtea ne akraman a wɔwe wɔn no ho.
• Mfutuma mu nwansena: Eyinom yɛ abɔde nketenkete a wɔyɛ nketewa dodo sɛ wɔde aniwa betumi ahu. Wɔte mfutuma mu wɔ yɛn afie mu. Wɔtaa wɔ mattress, pillows, ne carpets mu.
• Nnuan: Nnipa binom ho nyɛ wɔn den wɔ nnuan te sɛ nufusu, nkesua, atoko, soya, mpataa, mpataa, ne krak ho.
• Nnuru: Nnuru bi te sɛ nnuru a wɔde kum ɛyaw ne nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa nso betumi ama obi anya akisikuru.
• Nwansena: Nwansena a enyin wɔ mmeae a ɛhɔ yɛ nwini, te sɛ afasu dedaw so no, sɛ wɔhome a, ebetumi ama obi ho ayɛ no hyew.
• Afieboa: Nnipa binom ho nyɛ wɔn den wɔ mmoa te sɛ akraman ne mpataa honam ani nkwammoaa a awuwu ho. Fa no sɛ, bere a wode wo nsa aka ɔkraman bi wɔ w’adamfo fie akyi no, wufi ase fefe na w’ani yɛ kɔkɔɔ. Ɛno kyerɛ sɛ ebia wo ho nyɛ wo den wɔ cat dander ho.
• Nnuru bi, samina, dade (te sɛ nickel), ne afifide bi betumi ama akisikuru aba bere a ɛka honam ani no .
• Pollen: Eyi ne ade titiriw a ɛde atiridii ne aniwa a ɛyɛ yaw ba nnipa pii so wɔ ahohuru bere mu.

Dɛn ne sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛkyerɛ sɛ obi anya akisikuru?

Saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi betumi ayɛ soronko wɔ onipa biara ho, na egyina nea wo ho yɛ wo hyew nso so. Hwɛ nsɛm a wɔahyehyɛ yi:

• Wora a ɛyɛ hyew, akisikuru, anaasɛ akisikuru.
• Ɛyɛ akisikuru.
• Fefe, hwene a ɛyɛ mmerɛw, hwene a ɛretu.
• Ɔhome a ɛyɛ den, te sɛ ɔfe ne ahurututu.
• Aniwa a ɛyɛ yaw na nsu wom.
• Anim, ano, tɛkrɛma, anaa menewa a ɛho ahonhon.
• Ɔhome a ɛyɛ den, ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛmene.
• Ɔfe anaa akisikuru.
• Mogya mmoroso a ɛba fam.

Afei, sɛ wode wo nsa ka biribi a wo ho nyɛ wo hyew a, ebia wo honam ani akisikuru nkutoo na ɛbɛba. Nanso sɛ wohome biribi te sɛ pollen anaa mmoa dander a, ɛda adi kɛse sɛ wobɛte hwene mu nsuo na woafefe. Nnuan, nnuru, wasp awuduru, ne nneɛma afoforo ho akisikuru betumi ayɛ kɛse koraa. Wobetumi mpo ama wo menewa ahon na ama ayɛ den sɛ wobɛhome. Yɛfrɛ eyi ``Anaphylaxis.'' Eyi yɛ ntɛmpɛ na ehia ayaresa ntɛm ara.

Saa akisikuru yi di bere tenten ahe?

Mpɛn pii no, saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi tra hɔ bere tenten a wowɔ aduru a ɛma wo ho yɛ wo hyew no. Nneɛma bi a ɛma obi ho yɛ no hyew fi ase wɔ simma kakraa bi mu. Afoforo nso pue nnɔnhwerew anaa nna bi akyi. Mpɛn pii no, sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no fi hɔ wɔ nnɔnhwerew kakraa bi mu bere a woanya aduru a ɛma wo ho yɛ wo hyew no akyi. Nanso, honam ani yare bi te sɛ honam ani yare a ɛka obi ho no betumi atra hɔ adapɛn pii.

Dɛn nti na yenya saa akisikuru ahorow yi?

Yɛn nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no di mfomso sɛ protein a ɛwɔ nneɛma a anka ɛnyɛ asiane biara te sɛ pollen, mmoa dander, nnuru bi, ne nnuan mu no yɛ biribi a ɛyɛ hu, te sɛ mmoawa anaa mmoawa. Afei, sɛ yɛhome saa nneɛma yi, yedi, anaa yɛde yɛn nsa ka a, yɛn nipadua no susuw sɛ eyi yɛ ɔhaw kɛse na ɛsɛ sɛ yeyi fi hɔ. Ɛno ne bere a sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a yɛadi kan aka ho asɛm no da adi.

Nea ɛho hia ne sɛ mpɛn pii no, akisikuru mma bere a obi anya biribi pɛnkoro pɛ akyi. Sɛ wɔde yɛn ho hyɛ mu nea edi kan a, yɛn nipadua no hu sɛ ɛyɛ ananafo biribi na ɛyɛ protein soronko bi a wɔfrɛ no antibodies tia no. Yɛfrɛ saa adeyɛ yi ``sensitization.`` Afei, sɛ ade koro no ara san hyɛn nipadua no mu bio a, saa antibodies a wɔyɛɛ no ​​no yɛ adwuma na ɛma nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no nya sɛnkyerɛnne sɛ, ``Ha na ɔtamfo no ba, ntua.'' Ɛno na allergy sɛnkyerɛnne no da adi.

Hena na ɔwɔ asiane kɛse mu sɛ obenya saa akisikuru yi?

Ɛwom sɛ eyi betumi ato obiara de, nanso nnipa binom wɔ asiane kɛse mu:

• Sɛ w’awofo mu biara wɔ akisikuru a: Awosu mu nkɛntɛnso bi wɔ hɔ.
• Wɔn a wɔwɔ tebea horow te sɛ ayamtu anaa akisikuru no fam no: Saa tebea horow yi wɔ abusuabɔ. Wɔtaa frɛ eyi nso atopy.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na nnuruyɛfo hu sɛ obi anya akisikuru?

Sɛ wowɔ allergy ho sɛnkyerɛnne a, oduruyɛfo betumi asi so dua denam nhwehwɛmu ahorow bi a ɔbɛyɛ so.

• Honam ani nhwehwɛmu:Nea wode eyi yɛ ne sɛ, wode ade a wususuw sɛ ebia wo ho yɛ wo hyew no kakraa bi gu wo honam ani, wotwa ketewaa bi, na afei wode fa mu. Sɛ beae no yɛ kɔkɔɔ, ɛho ahonhon, na ɛyɛ wo yaw wɔ simma 15-20 ntam a, ɛkyerɛ sɛ wo ho nyɛ wo hyew wɔ saa ade no ho.
• Mogya mu nhwehwɛmu: Eyinom hwehwɛ sɛ ebia wowɔ nnuru pɔtee bi a ɛko tia nyarewa (IgE) wɔ wo mogya mu a wɔayɛ atia nneɛma bi a ɛma wo ho yɛ wo hyew anaa.

Oduruyɛfo no bebisa wo wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne ne nneɛma a wohyia (sɛ nhwɛso no, w’adwuma, w’anigyede, ne nea ɛkeka ho) de ahu sɔhwɛ ahorow a ɛsɛ sɛ wɔsɔ wo hwɛ.

Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, egyina allergy a wususuw sɛ wowɔ so no, wobetumi ayɛ wo home nhwehwɛmu, nnubɔne anaa aduan ho sɔhwɛ, anaasɛ patch test. Patch test hwehwɛ sɛnea ɛkyɛ wɔ honam ani a ɛba wɔ nna kakraa bi akyi.

Dɛn ne ayaresa ahorow a wɔde sa akisikuru?

Ade a edi kan na eye sen biara ne sɛ wobɛtwe wo ho afi nneɛma a wo ho yɛ wo den no ho sɛnea wubetumi. Eyi ho hia titiriw sɛ wo akisikuru no mu yɛ den araa ma ɛbɛma woanya anaphylaxis a.

Nanso, ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛkwati nneɛma te sɛ mfutuma ne pollen a ɛwɔ baabiara koraa. Wɔ tebea horow a ɛtete saa mu no, ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛkamfo akyerɛ wo sɛ wobɛnom nnuru bi da biara anaasɛ wobɛyɛ ayaresa ahorow bi daa. Eyinom betumi aboa ma wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne so atew anaasɛ asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wobɛma wo ho ayɛ wo hyew no so atew.

Ebia wɔbɛkamfo nea edidi so yi akyerɛ sɛnea wo ho yɛ wo hyew:

• Nnuru a Ɛko Tia Histamine: Nhwɛso bi ne nnuru te sɛ Fexofenadine (Allegra®), Loratadine (Claritin®), ne Cetirizine (Zyrtec®). Eyinom yɛ adwuma denam nnuru bi a wɔfrɛ no histamine a ɛba bere a obi ho yɛ no hyew no a esiw ano no so.
• Steroid a wɔde petepete hwene mu: Nhwɛso bi ne Flonase® ne Nasacort®. Eyinom brɛ hwene mu ahonhon, akisikuru, ne hwene a ɛtwetwe no ase.
• Leukotriene modifiers: Nnuru te sɛ Montelukast nso betumi aboa ma wɔadi akisikuru ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow so, titiriw wɔ nnipa a wɔwɔ ayamtu mu.
• Omalizumab (Xolair®) a wɔde twitwiw nipadua no mu: Wɔde eyinom di dwuma ma aduan bi a ne ho yɛ no yaw ne akisikuru a enni sabea.
• Allergy immunotherapy: Eyi hwehwɛ sɛ wode allergen no kakraa bi pɛ bɛhyɛ wo nipadua mu nkakrankakra bere a bere kɔ so no, na ama wo nipadua no atumi ayɛ nsakrae wɔ mu. Wobetumi ayɛ eyi sɛ aduru a wɔde twitwiw nipadua no mu (Allergy shots), sɛ aduru a wɔde hyɛ tɛkrɛma ase (Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT)), anaasɛ sɛ aduru a wɔde ano ka (Oral immunotherapy (OIT)). Eyi yɛ ayaresa a ɛtra hɔ kyɛ a wɔyɛ wɔ oduruyɛfo titiriw bi hwɛ ase.

Sɛ wowɔ akisikuru a ebetumi ama wo ho ayɛ wo hyew kɛse a, wo duruyɛfo bɛka akyerɛ wo sɛ fa epinephrine auto-injector (te sɛ EpiPen® anaa Auvi-Q®) ka wo ho bere nyinaa. Ɛsɛ sɛ wode di dwuma wɔ sɛnkyerɛnne a edi kan a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wo ho yɛ wo hyew kɛse no mu.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mekɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn anaasɛ mekɔ baabi a wɔhwɛ wɔn a wɔwɔ ayaresa a egye ntɛmpɛ mu?

Sɛ wowɔ akisikuru ho sɛnkyerɛnne na wopɛ sɛ wuhu nea ɛde ba ankasa a, kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn. Ebia nea ɔhwɛ wo titiriw no de wo bɛkɔ oduruyɛfo titiriw bi te sɛ oduruyɛfo a ɔhwɛ akisikuru anaa honam ani yare ho ɔyaresafo nkyɛn ma wakɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu foforo.

Nanso sɛ wuhu saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi bi a, ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ ayaresabea dan a wɔhwɛ wɔn a wɔwɔ yare a egye ntɛmpɛ mu ntɛm ara anaa wofrɛ 1990:

• Anim, anofafa, tɛkrɛma, anaa menewa a ɛho ahonhon ntɛmntɛm.
• Ɔhome a ɛyɛ den, ahome a ɛyɛ tiaa, koko a ɛyɛ den.
• Hives a ɛtrɛw ntɛmntɛm wɔ nipadua no mu nyinaa.
• Nsa, anan, anofafa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw.
• Mmerewa, adwenemhaw, ɔtopae a wɔte nka.
• Ehu kɛse ho atenka, ɔsɛe a ɛreba ho atenka.

Sɛ mewɔ allergy a, dɛn na metumi ahwɛ kwan?

Allergy ko a wowɔ no na ɛbɛkyerɛ nea ɛsɛ sɛ wudi ho dwuma. Mpɛn pii no, mmere mu akisikuru te sɛ pollen akisikuru ne afieboa a wɔn ho yɛ no yaw no yɛ nea ɛhyɛ abufuw nanso ɛnyɛ nea ɛde nkwa to asiane mu. Nanso, nneɛma te sɛ aduan, nnuru, ne wasp awuduru ho akisikuru betumi ayɛ kɛse kakra. Sɛ wowɔ saa akisikuru yi mu biako a, ɛsɛ sɛ wode epinephrine injector ka wo ho bere nyinaa.

Dɛn na metumi ayɛ na ama ahotɔ bere a mewɔ akisikuru ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no?

Bere a wɔreyɛ ayaresa mpo no, sɛ ɛtɔ mmere bi a akisikuru ho sɛnkyerɛnne haw wo a, ebia wubenya ahotɔ kakra wɔ nneɛma yi mu:

• Wobetumi de nnuru a wɔde tew anom (sɛnea oduruyɛfo kyerɛ no) anaasɛ nkyene a wɔde hohoro nneɛma ho adi dwuma de ayi anom a ɛyɛ mmerɛw ne hwene a ɛretu no afi hɔ.
• Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ na aniwa no ho ayɛ wo yaw na ayɛ kɔkɔɔ no, fa ntama a ɛho tew a wɔde nsukyenee nsu afra mu anaasɛ fa aniwa mu nsu (sɛnea oduruyɛfo kyerɛ no) di dwuma ma aniwa a ɛyɛ wo yaw.
• Fa wo ho gure na hyɛ ntade foforo (titiriw bere a wufi abɔnten aba akyi) na ama woayi nneɛma biara a ɛma wo ho yɛ wo hyew a ebia ɛda so ara wɔ wo nipadua mu no afi hɔ.
• Fa nnuru a ɛma wo ho yɛ wo hyew anaasɛ ɛnyɛ huam di dwuma na ama wo honam ani a ɛyɛ wo yaw ne wo honam ani akisikuru no so atew.

So wobetumi asiw akisikuru ano?

Ankasa ɔkwan biara nni hɔ a wobɛfa so asiw allergy ano wɔ nea edi kan no mu. Nanso sɛ wowɔ allergy dedaw a, nneɛma bi a wubetumi ayɛ de aboa ma woasiw nneyɛe ano ni:

• Gyae mmoa a wo ho yɛ wo hyew a wode wo nsa bɛka wɔn anaasɛ wobɛteɛteɛ wɔn. Sesa ntade bere a woadi mmoa a wɔte saa ho dwuma awie no. (Mma wɔnnkɔ wo mpa so, wo mpa so, anaa wo nkongua so. Mfa wo nsa nka wɔn agode.)
• Fa vacuum kapet ne rugs daa na yi nneɛma a ɛma obi ho yɛ no hyew te sɛ mfutuma, afieboa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw, ne pollen fi hɔ. Fa ntama a ɛyɛ nwini popa mfutuma.
• Ɛbɛyɛ papa sɛ wobɛtumi de ``High-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) air filters`` ayi allergens afiri mframa no mu.
• Ma mfɛnsere no mu to mu wɔ nhwiren bere a ɛsen biara no mu.
• Sesa filter ahorow a ɛwɔ wo fie HVAC nhyehyɛe no mu no daa.

Sɛ wowɔ aduan ho adwenemhaw a, kenkan nnuan ho nsɛm a wɔakyerɛw so yiye. Fa nnuan a wo ho nyɛ wo den nkutoo sie wo fie. Di fi mmeae a wugye di sɛ wubetumi adi a ɔhaw biara nni ho nkutoo. Hwɛ hu sɛ wobɛbɔ wo duruyɛfo amanneɛ wɔ wo akisikuru ho bere a woredidi wɔ abɔnten no.

So akisikuru sesa bere a obi nyin no?

Yiw, akisikuru betumi asesa bere a obi nyin no. Egyina sɛnea wunya biribi a ɛma wo ho yɛ wo hyew, nsakrae a ɛba wo nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa mu, ne nneɛma afoforo so.

Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, akisikuru a ɛwɔ hɔ dedaw no betumi asɛe kɛse. Anaasɛ, ebia akisikuru a akɔ so asan aba bio. Mmere foforo nso, allergy a ɛwɔ hɔ dedaw no betumi ayɛ yiye bere kɔ so – sɛ nhwɛso no, sɛ wo ho yɛ wo hyew wɔ mpataa ho a, sɛ wode bere pii twa wɔn ho hyia a, wo allergy no so bɛtew (wɔfrɛ eyi ``tolerance'', nanso eyi nsi obiara). Afei nso, nnipa binom betumi anya akisikuru foforo bere a wɔrenyin no.

Awiei koraa no, ɛsɛ sɛ meka eyi kyerɛ wo...

Allergies yɛ da biara da asetra fã ma nnipa ɔpepem pii wɔ wiase nyinaa. Wɔ ebinom fam no, ɛyɛ ade a ɛfata sɛ wobenya hwene a ɛretu na wɔafefe ahohuru bere biara. Wɔ afoforo fam no, ɛyɛ apereperedi sɛ wɔbɛma wɔn honam ani atew afi ɔkraman a wɔdɔ no a ɔte bɛn hɔ no ho. Aduan ne nnuru ho akisikuru yɛ aniberesɛm kakra – a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wokenkan nnuan a wɔakyerɛw so yiye na wohwɛ yiye wɔ nnuru foforo ho.

Nanso kae sɛ nneɛma pii wɔ hɔ a wubetumi ayɛ de asiw wo akisikuru ano. Sɛ wowɔ nsɛmmisa anaa nsɛm bi a ɛhaw wo wɔ eyi ho a, ntwentwɛn wo nan ase sɛ wo ne wo duruyɛfo bɛkasa. Saa kwan no so no, wubetumi ahu nea eye ma wo ankasa.

Mewɔ anidaso sɛ saa nsɛm yi ho bɛba wo mfaso. Kɔ so nya apɔwmuden!

Allergies , sɛnkyerɛnne, ayaresa, honam ani nyarewa, ɔhome a ɛyɛ den, nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa, (Anaphylaxis) .