So wuhu nsonsonoe bi wɔ w’ani so? Momma yensua Amsler Grid sɔhwɛ no ho ade!

So woate Amsler Grid ho asɛm pɛn? Ebia w’ani duruyɛfo aka ho asɛm akyerɛ wo. Ɛyɛ sɔhwɛ a ɛyɛ mmerɛw yiye, nanso ɛho hia yiye. Ɛboa ma yehu nsakrae a ɛba yɛn ani so a nyarewa bi de ba ntɛmntɛm, titiriw wɔ yɛn aniwa retina no mu.

Dɛn ne Amsler Grid no?

Okay, enti momma yɛnhwɛ nea Amsler Grid yi yɛ. Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, ɛyɛ sodifo ahinanan a wɔatintim wɔ krataa ketewaa bi so. Ɛyɛ ahinanan a ne tenten yɛ sɛntimita 10 na ne tɛtrɛtɛ yɛ sɛntimita 10, sɛ yɛbɛka no pɛpɛɛpɛ a. Ɛwɔ ahinanan nketewa 20 wɔ ɔfã biako, enti ɛno kyerɛ sɛ ahinanan nketewa pii wɔ grid no nyinaa so. Wɔ saa sodifo ahinanan yi mfinimfini pɛɛ no, wɔahyɛ nsensanee ketewaa bi agyirae sɛ wode w’adwene besi so. Nnipa binom nso frɛ no ‘Amsler aniwa nhyehyɛe.’

Amsler grid sɔhwɛ yi atirimpɔw titiriw ne sɛ ɛbɛkyerɛ sɛ ebia wowɔ nsakrae bi wɔ w’ani so, te sɛ w’aniwa a wɔakyinkyim (a wɔfrɛ no metamorphopsia wɔ aduruyɛ mu), esiane yare bi a ɛfa macula ho nti anaa. Ɛboa wo nso ma wokyerɛ w’ani ho ɔyaresafo baabi a saa nneɛma a wɔakyinkyim yi wɔ w’ani so. Afei oduruyɛfo no betumi ate baabi a ɔhaw no wɔ wɔ wo macula mu no ase.

Nnuruyɛfo taa kamfo kyerɛ sɛ nnipa a wɔwɔ retina nyarewa bi mfa Amsler grid yi nni dwuma wɔ fie da biara da . Efisɛ sɛ woyɛ saa a, wubetumi ahu nsakrae nketenkete mpo wɔ w’anisoadehu mu ntɛm ara. Sɛ wuhu no ntɛm a, ɛtɔ mmere bi a wubetumi atew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wobɛhwere w’ani so daa no so.

Tebea bɛn mu na wɔde Amsler Grid sɔhwɛ no di dwuma?

Afei ebia woresusuw sɛ, ‘Ɛyɛ, eyi betumi ahu nsakrae a aba wɔ anisoadehu mu. Nanso dɛn ankasa na wɔde di dwuma?’ Nokwarem no, wɔde Amsler grid no di dwuma de hu tebea biara a ebetumi akyinkyim macula no ani na wɔahwɛ so. Nhwɛso kakraa bi ni:

• Macular Degeneration : Eyi ho hia ma yare yi a ɛyɛ kusuu ne nea ɛyɛ nsu nyinaa.
• Central Serous Retinopathy a Wɔde Yɛ Adwuma .
• Neovascularization yɛ tebea a ɛma mogya ntini foforo ba aniwa no afã horow bi.
• Nsonsonoe a ɛyɛ tumm wɔ anisoadehu mu (Scotomas) .
• Macular Pucker/Epiretinal Ntini a Ɛyɛ Fɛ .
• Cystoid Macular Edema a Ɛyɛ Akisikuru .
• Asikreyare a ɛde macular edema ba .
• Pituitary Gland Tumors : Ɛtɔ mmere bi a eyinom betumi ama woahwere w’ani benkum ne w’ani nifa nifa. Wɔfrɛ eyi ``Bilateral Hemianopia``.
• Macula a ɛsɛe a akwanhyia bi de bae.
• Retina nyarewa afoforo anaa nneɛma a ɛfa retina ho a ebetumi ama obi aniwa nhu ade mpofirim.

Ade a ɛho hia sen biara ne sɛ wubehu saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi ntɛm, na sɔhwɛ a ɛnyɛ den yi boa kɛse wɔ ɛno mu.

Ɛnyɛ ɛno nko, sɛ woresiesie wo ho ama aniwa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw oprehyɛn a, mmere bi wɔ hɔ a aniwa ho animdefo de Amsler grid yi di dwuma de hwɛ sɛ ɔhaw biara wɔ wo macula no ho ansa na wɔayɛ.

Wobɛyɛ dɛn de Amsler Grid no asɔ w’ani ahwɛ?

Okay, afei momma yɛnhwɛ sɛnea yɛde Amsler grid yi bedi dwuma pɛpɛɛpɛ. Ɛyɛ mmerɛw yiye.

Nea edi kan no, ɛsɛ sɛ wokura Amsler grid no mu wɔ w’anim wɔ akyirikyiri a anka wobɛkenkan nhoma anaa atesɛm krataa, a ne kɛse bɛyɛ nsateakwaa 12 kosi 15 (sentimita 30 kosi 38 ). Nea ɛho hia sen biara no, sɛ wohyɛ ahwehwɛ anaa ahwehwɛ a wɔde hwɛ ade a, hwɛ hu sɛ wobɛhyɛ no yiye wɔ sɔhwɛ yi mu.

Afei, ɛsɛ sɛ wode aniwa biako sɔ hwɛ bere koro mu. Bere a wode w’ani biako rehwɛ no, fa wo nsa kata w’ani foforo no so. Afei, fa aniwa a woresɔ ahwɛ no hwɛ yiye (fa w’adwene si) nsensanee ketewa a ɛwɔ grid no mfinimfini pɛpɛɛpɛ no so. Kae sɛ wobɛma grid no akɔ akyirikyiri bere biara.

Bere a worehwɛ saa nsensanee a ɛwɔ mfinimfini no denneennen – a woremfa w’ani nkɔ anim ne akyi – hwɛ yiye sɛ nea edidi so yi nyinaa teɛ:

• So wubetumi ahu grid no ntwea anan no nyinaa pefee?
• So wubetumi ahu nkyerɛwde a ɛwɔ grid no so nyinaa? So wɔn nyinaa yɛ tẽẽ koraa? (Ɛnyɛ nea wɔatwe, ɛnyɛ nea wɔabɔ, anaasɛ wɔabubu).
• So wuhu mmeae bi a ɛyɛ sum anaa baabiara wɔ grid no mu baabiara?
• So nkyerɛwde a ɛwɔ grid no so nyinaa te sɛ nea emu da hɔ na ɛyɛ pɛ (ɛnyɛ nea abubu anaasɛ ɛnyɛ nea ɛyɛ kusuu)?

Sɛ wokɔ aniwa ayaresabea a, ebia w’ani duruyɛfo de Amsler grid yi bɛsɔ w’ani ahwɛ. Sɛ wowɔ asiane mu sɛ wobɛnya retina nyarewa a, ebia wo duruyɛfoɔ nso bɛma wo Amsler grid a wɔatintim a wode bedi dwuma wɔ fie.

Nea ɛho hia: Sɛ wo duruyɛfo ma wo Amsler grid a wode bedi dwuma wɔ fie a, ɛsɛ sɛ wode di dwuma sɛnea wɔakyerɛ wo no pɛpɛɛpɛ (mpɛn pii no da biara). Sɛ wuhu sɛ nneɛma anan a yɛaka ho asɛm wɔ atifi hɔ no mu biara sesa bere a woreyɛ wo fie nhwehwɛmu a, kɔ w’ani duruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm ara.

So Amsler Grid ahorow afoforo wɔ hɔ?

Switzerlandni aniwa ho ɔyaresafo Marc Amsler na ɔyɛɛ Amsler grid sɔhwɛ no. Waka saa grid sɔhwɛ yi ahorow ason ho asɛm. Nanso, sɛ yɛtaa ka ‘Amsler grid’ ho asɛm a, yɛkyerɛ ɔkwan a edi kan no (Chart 1).

So yebesua saa ahorow 7 no ho ade kakra?

• Type 1 (Nhyehyɛe 1): .Eyi ne ɔkwan titiriw a wɔtaa de di dwuma. Ɛwɔ nsensanee tuntum wɔ akyi fitaa. Esiane sɛ ahinanan 20 na ɛwɔ ɔfã biako nti, ahinanan biara trɛw yɛ sɛntimita 0.5. Wɔ mfinimfini no, kurukuruwa ketewaa bi wɔ hɔ a wubetumi de w’adwene asi so.
• Type 2 (Chart 2): Eyi te sɛ nea edi kan no, nanso nea ɛka ho no, wɔatwe nsensanee a ɛyɛ ahinanan fi ntwea anan no so kosi mfinimfini nsensanee no so. Eyi ho wɔ mfaso ma nnipa a wɔwɔ nsensanee tuntum (Scotomas) wɔ wɔn anisoadehu mfinimfini, nanso wɔde grid no di dwuma de hwɛ nsakrae a ɛba wɔ anisoadehu mu.
• Type 3 (Chart 3): Eyi wɔ nhyehyɛe koro no ara a edi kan no, nanso ɛwɔ nsensanee kɔkɔɔ wɔ akyi tuntum. Eyi boa ma wohu aniwa a ɛyɛ anifere a ɛkyinkyim ne nsonsonoe a ɛfa kɔla ho.
• Chart 4: Sɛ́ anka ɛbɛyɛ grid no, eyi wɔ nsensanee fitaa a wɔapete no kwa wɔ akyi tuntum so wɔ 10x10 cm grid mu. Sɛ wɔde nsensanee di dwuma sen sɛ wɔde nsensanee bedi dwuma a, ɛma ɛyɛ mmerɛw ma nea ɔhwɛ no sɛ obehu nsonsonoe a ɛda nneɛma a wɔkyinkyim aniwa ne mmeae a ɛyɛ tumm (scotomas) ntam.
• Type 5 (Chart 5): Eyi wɔ nsensanee a ɛkɔ soro nkutoo. Ntrɛwmu no yɛ fitaa wɔ akyi tuntum. Ntrɛwmu a ɛda hɔ gyina hɔ nkutoo na ɛwɔ adaka no akyi benkum ne nifa so.
• Chart 6: Eyi te sɛ Chart 5, nanso nkyerɛwde tuntum wɔ akyi fitaa. Afei nso, wɔatwe mfinimfini nsensanee a ɛda fam no, ne nsensanee abien a ɛwɔ n’atifi ne ase no bɛn ho sen nsensanee afoforo a ɛwɔ grid no so no. Bere a wɔtwe nsensanee no bɛn ho no, wubetumi ahu nsɛm a wɔakyinkyim ne nsonsonoe a ɛyɛ anifere kɛse mpo.
• Chart 7: Eyi wɔ nsensanee fitaa wɔ akyi tuntum. Ɛte sɛ nea edi kan no, nanso ahinanan a ɛwɔ mfinimfini fã a ɛyɛ 5x5 cm no kɛse bɛyɛ ahinanan a ɛwɔ grid no akyi afã horow no fã. Saa ahinanan nketewa yi te sɛ nsensanee a wɔatwe wɔ ɔkwan a ɛto so 6 no mu no boa ma wohu nsonsonoe nketenkete anaa nsɛm a wɔakyinkyim no.

Susuw ho hwɛ, wɔayɛ saa ahorow yi mu biara sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a ɛbɛboa wo ma woahu ahiade ahorow ne nsonsonoe a ɛyɛ anifere wɔ w’ani so.

Sɛ wowɔ macular degeneration a Amsler Grid no te dɛn?

Afei momma yɛnhwɛ sɛnea obi a ɔwɔ tebea te sɛ macular degeneration bɛyɛ bere a ɔhwɛ Amsler grid yi. Mpɛn pii no, anka wubehu biribi te sɛ eyi:

• Ebia nhama a ɛwɔ grid no so no ayɛ te sɛ nea atrɛw anaasɛ ayɛ nsensanee, te sɛ nhama a ɛwɔ ahaban a wɔde nsu ayɛ so no.
• Ebia grid no mmeae bi bɛyɛ te sɛ nea ɛyɛ kusuu anaasɛ ɛyɛ sum sen afoforo.
• Ebia grid no afã horow bi da mpan, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ebia mmeae a hwee nni hɔ a biribiara nhu.

Sɛ wohu nsakraeɛ biara te sɛ yei berɛ a worehwɛ wo Amsler grid a, mmu w’ani ngu so. Ɛkyerɛ sɛ ebia ɔhaw bi wɔ wo macula no ho. Enti, sɛ wuhu biribi a ɛte sɛɛ a, ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ aniwa ho oduruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm ara.

Dɛn na wususuw wɔ Amsler Grid app a ɛwɔ wo fon so no ho?

Ebia woahu sɛ Amsler Grid apps mpo wɔ hɔ a wobetumi de ayɛ smartphone ne tablet nnansa yi. Ebia wobɛdwene sɛ, 'Oh... eyi yɛ mmerɛw, metumi ayɛ no wɔ me fon so pɛɛ.'

Sɛ wopɛ sɛ wode app a ɛte saa di dwuma a, di kan ne w’ani ho ɔbenfo nkasa. Obetumi aka akyerɛ wo sɛ ebia saa app yi fata w’ahiade anaasɛ ɛnfata.

Nanso kae ade biako: Smartphone app nyɛ ade a wɔde besi ayaresa ananmu da. Sɛ w’adwene mu yɛ wo naa a, kɔ aniwa ho oduruyɛfo a wɔatete no a ɔfata nkyɛn bere nyinaa. Ɛyɛ kyakyatow a ahobammɔ wom sen biara.

Sɛ yɛbɛbɔ no mua a (Take-Home Message) .

Okay, enti momma yɛmmɔ nneɛma bi a ɛsɛ sɛ wokae no mua mfi nea yɛaka ho asɛm no mu.

Amsler grid no yɛ ɔkwan a ɛyɛ ntɛm, ɛnyɛ den, na ɛnyɛ nea wɔde hyɛ mu a wobɛfa so ahwɛ sɛ nsakraeɛ anaa nsɛm a wɔakyinkyim wɔ w’anisoadehunu mu, titire wɔ w’anisoadehunu a ɛwɔ mfimfini no mu. Sɛ w’ani duruyɛfo ka kyerɛ wo sɛ fa Amsler grid a wɔatintim di dwuma wɔ fie da biara a, hwɛ hu sɛ wobɛyɛ saa.

Amsler grid a wɔde di dwuma sɛnea wɔkamfo kyerɛ wɔ saa kwan yi so no betumi aboa ma wɔahu nsakrae a ɛba retina a nyarewa te sɛ macular degeneration de ba no ntɛm ara. Sɛ wotumi kyere nsakrae yi ntɛm a, ɛbɛboa kɛse ma woabɔ w’ani so, asiw ɔsɛe foforo ano, na ama woakɔ so de ahotoso ayɛ adwuma wɔ w’ani so.

Enti, w’ani som bo paa. Hwɛ wɔn so. Sɛ wuhu nsakrae ketewaa bi mpo a, ntwentwɛn wo nan ase sɛ wobɛhwehwɛ aduruyɛ mu afotu.

` Amsler Grid, Aniwa mu Nhwehwɛmu, Anisoadehu, Retina, Macula, Macular Degeneration, Metamorphopsia