Dɛn ne Apoptosis? Ɔkwan a ɛyɛ nwonwa a yɛn nipadua mu nkwammoaa fa so wuwu!

So woasusuw nea ɛto nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu, titiriw bere a enyin anaa asɛe no ho pɛn? Nokwarem no, yɛn nipadua wɔ tumi a ɛyɛ nwonwa a ɛde hu saa nkwammoaa yi na eyi fi hɔ wɔ nhyehyɛe kwan so. Ɛno ne nea yɛfrɛ no apoptosis . Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, eyi yɛ nkwammoaa wuwu adeyɛ a nipadua no yɛ ho nhyehyɛe na ɛhwɛ so, te sɛ ‘nkwaboaa wu a wɔayɛ ho nhyehyɛe’.

Dɛn nti na ade a wɔfrɛ no apoptosis yi ho hia yɛn saa?

Fa no sɛ, yɛn nipadua mu nkwammoaa bi nyin, anaasɛ wɔn DNA sɛe. Sɛ saa nkwammoaa yi kɔ so tra nipadua no mu a, ebetumi akɔ so apaapae kɛkɛ na adɔɔso a wontumi nni so, na ɛde nyarewa a ɛyɛ hu te sɛ kokoram aba. Saa adeyɛ a wɔfrɛ no apoptosis yi boa yɛn ma yesiw asiane ahorow a ɛtete saa ano.

Eyi te sɛ nea woreyi nneɛma dedaw a abubu afi ofie bi mu afi hɔ. Sɛnea saa dan mu nneɛma a yebenya no betumi ama nneɛma ayɛ basaa wɔ fie no, saa ara na nkwammoaa a asɛe yi a yebenya wɔ yɛn nipadua mu no betumi de ɔhaw ahorow aba. Enti, apoptosis yɛ ade titiriw a ɛboa ma yɛn nipadua nya apɔwmuden.

Nanso, ɛsɛ sɛ biribiara kɔ sɛnea nhyehyɛe te. Sɛ biribi ankɔ yiye wɔ apoptosis nhyehyɛe yi mu, sɛ́ ɛyɛ nkwammoaa pii a ɛrewuwu dodo anaasɛ nkwammoaa a ɛsɛ sɛ ewuwu no nwu a, ɛno betumi de ɔhaw ahorow aba.

• Sɛ apoptosis boro so a, ebetumi asɛe nkwammoaa a ɛte apɔw a yɛn nipadua hia no nso. Sɛ nhwɛso no, wohu saa tebea yi wɔ nyarewa te sɛ Alzheimer yare mu.
• Sɛ apoptosis ankɔ yiye (ɛtew so): Nkwammoaa a asɛe na abubu kɔ so tra nipadua no mu, baabi a wofi ase kyekyɛ na ɛdɔɔso a wontumi nni so. Eyi betumi de nyarewa te sɛ kokoram aba.

Ebia w’ani begye ho sɛ wubesua apoptosis ho ade efisɛ wɔahu sɛ wo anaa obi a wunim no anya bi. Ɛyɛ awosu sɛ yebesusuw sɛnea nneɛma nketenkete a ɛkɔ so wɔ nkwammoaa mu a wobetumi de afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete nkutoo ahu no betumi ne sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a yehu no wɔ abusuabɔ no ho. Nanso, apoptosis a wobɛte ase no betumi aboa wo ma woate ‘ntease’ a ɛwɔ wo yare no akyi no ase. Saa nimdeɛ yi nso betumi aboa wo ma wo ne wo duruyɛfo akasa afa wo tebea ne ayaresa a wubetumi apaw ho.

Dɛn na ɛba ankasa wɔ apoptosis ho? Dɛn ne n’atirimpɔw?

Apoptosis yɛ adeyɛ a ɛho hia ma yɛn nipadua. Efi ase ansa na wɔrewo yɛn mpo. Susuw ho hwɛ, sɛ awotwaa bi renyin wɔ awotwaa mu, sɛ nhwɛso no, sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a nsateaa no bɛhyehyɛ yiye no, ɛsɛ sɛ nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ ntam no bi wuwu wɔ bere a ɛfata mu. Ɛno ne nea apoptosis boa wɔ ho.

Wɔawo yɛn akyi mpo no, apoptosis yɛ nnwuma a ɛho hia pii:

• Ɛsɛ sɛ yɛde foforo si yɛn nipadua mu nkwammoaa ne ntini dedaw no ananmu bere nyinaa. Apoptosis boa wɔ eyi mu.
• Ɛboa yɛn nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no ma ɛko tia nyarewa ahorow.
• Wɔasɛe, .Woyi nkwammoaa a wontumi nnya bio fi nipadua no mu.
• Ɛmma nkwammoaa a asɛe no nnɔɔso a wontumi nni so.
• Ɛboa ma nipadua no ntini kari pɛ (`(Homeostasis)`).

Ɔkwan bɛn so na ade a wɔfrɛ no apoptosis yi yɛ adwuma?

Eyi yɛ adeyɛ a ɛyɛ den, nanso sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, ɛba saa. Protein titiriw bi a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu na efi saa apoptosis adeyɛ yi ase. Nhwɛsoɔ bi ne protein a wɔfrɛ no `(p53 protein).` Wɔsan frɛ yei ``tumor suppressor protein'' ɛfiri sɛ ɛboa ma nkwammoaa no gyae mpaepaemu a wɔrentumi nni so, te sɛ kokoram nkwammoaa.

Sɛnea `p53` protein no yɛ adwuma ni:

1. Nea edi kan no, saa protein yi ma ``awosu mu nkwaadɔm'' a ɛkora nsɛm so wɔ yɛn nipadua mu no yɛ adwuma na ɛbɔ mmɔden sɛ ebesiesie nkwammoaa a ``DNA'' asɛe wom.

2. Nanso, sɛ nneɛma a asɛe no dɔɔso dodo sɛ wobetumi asiesie a, saa protein no remma saa nkwammoaa no mu mpaapae anaa ɛnnɔɔso.

3. Mmom no, saa protein no de sɛnkyerɛnne bi kɔma sɛ, "Okay, afei ɛsɛ sɛ saa nkwammoaa yi fi apoptosis nhyehyɛe no ase."

Sɛ apoptosis fi ase pɛ a, nnuru mu nsakrae ahorow ba, na nkwammoaa no mu paapae yɛ nketenkete. Afei, nkwammoaa a ɛrewu no de sɛnkyerɛnne bi kɔma nkwammoaa afoforo a wɔfrɛ no phagocytes (mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa bi, te sɛ yɛn nipadua mu nwura a wɔboaboa ano), ka sɛ, "Bra na di me asinasin yi." Bere koro no ara mu no, nkwammoaa a ɛrewu no de nsɛnkyerɛnne kɔ ntini a atwa ho ahyia no so a ɛboa ma ɔfe no so tew na ɛsa ntɛmntɛm. Ɛyɛ fɛ yiye, ɛnte saa?

So apoptosis a ɛboro so no yɛ nea asiane wom?

Yiw, koraa. Sɛ apoptosis ba dodo a, nkwammoaa a ɛte apɔw a yɛn nipadua hia no nso betumi awuwu. Nkwammoaa a wowuwu boro so yi ne nyarewa pii a ɛba no wɔ abusuabɔ. Nyarewa yi bi ne:

• `(Alzheimer yareɛ)` (Alzheimer yareɛ) .
• `(Huntington yareɛ)` (Huntington yareɛ) .
• `(Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS))` (ALS yare no) .
• `(Parkinson yareɛ)` (Parkinson yareɛ) .
• `(AIDS)` (AIDS) .
• Akisikuru a ɛyɛ kurukuruwa
• `(Ntini mu yare)` (Ntini mu yare) .

Wɔ tebea horow a ɛtete saa mu no, sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no sɔre esiane nkwammoaa a nipadua no hia a wɔsɛe no nti.

Sɛ apoptosis ankɔ yiye (ɛtew so) a, dɛn na ɛba?

Sɛnea yɛadi kan aka ho asɛm no, apoptosis ho hia na ama wɔayi nkwammoaa a asɛe afi hɔ, anaasɛ wɔagyae nkwammoaa nyin a wontumi nni so. Enti, sɛ eyi ansi yiye a, kyerɛ sɛ , sɛ apoptosis ansi sɛnea ɛsɛ a, saa nkwammoaa bɔne a asɛe no bɛtra nipadua no mu na afi ase akyekyɛ na wɔadɔɔso a wontumi nni so.

Eyi te sɛ nwura. Sɛ wɔanhwɛ so yiye a, ɛbɛtrɛw ntɛmntɛm na asɛe turo no nyinaa.

Saa nkwammoaa a ɛdɔɔso a ɛnteɛ yi de kokoram ne nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa ba.Akwahosan ho haw a emu yɛ den betumi aba.

Dwuma bɛn na apoptosis di wɔ nyarewa a wɔsa mu?

Nhwehwɛmufo ahu sɛ nsakrae a ɛba wɔ apoptosis nhyehyɛe mu no ka nyarewa bi a ɛba no ho. Enti mprempren wɔrehwehwɛ nnuru a ebetumi asiw apoptosis ano bere a ɛdɔɔso dodo, anaasɛ ɛkanyan no bere a ɛho hia .

Fa no sɛ, ɛtɔ mmere bi a protein ahorow bi a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu no gyae apoptosis bere a ɛsɛ sɛ ɛba no. Afei nkwammoaa a asɛe no betumi atra hɔ na anyin abɛyɛ kokoram akisikuru. Nhwehwɛmufo rehwehwɛ nnuru a ebetumi asiw protein ahorow yi dwumadi ano. Afei apoptosis betumi asi yiye, na saa nkwammoaa bɔne no asɛe.

Nsɛm afoforo nso wɔ hɔ a yɛpɛ sɛ yɛbrɛ apoptosis nhyehyɛe no ase kakra sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a yebetumi asiw nkwammoaa a ɛte apɔw a yehia no ano.

Ayaresa a ɛhwɛ apoptosis so wɔ saa kwan yi so no betumi aboa ma wɔadi nyarewa pii ho dwuma daakye. Wo duruyɛfo betumi aka eyi ho nsɛm pii akyerɛ wo.

Nsonsonoe bɛn na ɛda apoptosis ne necrosis ntam?

Te sɛ apoptosis no, necrosis yɛ adeyɛ foforo a ɛma nkwammoaa wuwu. Nsonsonoe titiriw a ɛda abien no ntam ne sɛ apoptosis boa yɛn ma yenyin ansa na wɔrewo yɛn mpo, wɔ awotwaa mu (wokae saa nneɛma a ɛte sɛ nsateaa no?). Nanso, necrosis ne nkwaboaa no nyin nni abusuabɔ. Ɛtaa ba bere a yɛawo yɛn akyi, bere a ɔyare mmoawa ahorow, opira, awuduru, ne nea ɛkeka ho sɛe nkwammoaa no.

Ná nhwehwɛmufo susuw sɛ apoptosis ne necrosis yɛ nneɛma abien a ɛne ne ho bɔ abira koraa. Wosusuwii sɛ apoptosis yɛ nkwammoaa a wowuwu a wɔayɛ ho nhyehyɛe, na ɛyɛ nhyehyɛe, na necrosis yɛ nkwammoaa a wowuwu a wɔanhyɛ da na ɛyɛ basabasa . Ɛno yɛ nokware kodu baabi. Wɔ necrosis mu no, nneɛma a ɛwɔ nkwammoaa a ɛrewu mu no hwie gu, ɛtrɛw kɔ ntini a atwa ho ahyia no mu, na ebetumi ama ɔfe aba. Ɛyɛ "chaotic" adeyɛ kakra. Nanso wɔ apoptosis mu no, nkwammoaa wuwu a ɛnhwie emu nneɛma ngu. Mmom no, wɔboaboa nkwammoaa asinasin no ano pɛpɛɛpɛ, na nkwammoaa a wɔfrɛ no phagocytes ba mu na wodi.

Nanso, nhwehwɛmu foforo ada no adi sɛ nsɛdi bi wɔ saa nneɛma abien yi mu. Wɔahu sɛ necrosis ahorow bi te sɛ apoptosis yɛ necrosis a wɔayɛ ho nhyehyɛe (anaasɛ wɔahyɛ ho mmara). Nhwɛso ahorow bi ne necroptosis ne pyroptosis . Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, sɛ apoptosis di nkogu a, nipadua no de akwan te sɛ necroptosis di dwuma de yi nkwammoaa a wɔmpɛ anaasɛ epira fi hɔ. Enti, akwan horow a wɔfa so wuwu nkwammoaa yi bom boa ma wɔbɔ yɛn nipadua ho ban.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔbɔ asɛmfua `Apoptosis`?

Akwan mmienu na wɔtaa fa so bɔ asɛmfua `Apoptosis`. Baako ne `App-up-toe-sis` na baako nso ne `App-uh-toe-sis`, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ enni `p` nnyigyei a ɛtɔ so mmienu. Wubetumi abisa wo duruyɛfo no eyi ho asɛm, anaa asɛmfua foforo biara a ɛfa w’akwahosan ho. Ɛnyɛ asɛm kɛseɛ, adeɛ a ɛho hia ne sɛ wobɛte adwene no ase.

Nea etwa to no, nneɛma a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛkae

Apoptosis yɛ adeyɛ a aniwa nhu, nanso ɛho hia yiye a ɛkɔ so wɔ yɛn nipadua mu da biara da na ama yɛakɔ so atra ase na yɛanya apɔwmuden. Ɛnyɛ sɛ nkwammoaa a wowuwu a wɔayɛ ho nhyehyɛe yi boa yɛn akwahosan nko, na mmom ɛboa ma yesiw nyarewa ano nso.

Sɛ wɔahu sɛ wowɔ apoptosis a, wo ne wo duruyɛfo nka ho asɛm sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wubetumi anya tebea no, sɛnea ɛka wo, ne ayaresa ahorow a ebetumi aba no ho ntease a emu da hɔ.

Kae sɛ, sɛ wuhu nneɛma a ɛte sɛɛ a, ɛbɛboa wo kɛse bere a woresisi w’akwahosan ho gyinae no.

` Apoptosis, nkwammoaa wu, nkwammoaa wu a wɔayɛ ho nhyehyɛe, nipadua dwumadi, akwahosan, yare, kokoram