So wo nso wobɔ wo honam ani anaasɛ wotwe wo ti nhwi bere a wo nkutoo wɔ hɔ no? So eyi yɛ Suban a Wɔtaa Yɛ a Wɔde Si Nipadua So (BFRB)?

So ɛtɔ mmere bi a wuhu sɛ woretetew wo nnadewa, woretwe wo ti nhwi, anaa woreka w’ano? Ebia wubesusuw sɛ eyinom yɛ “ntini a ɛma obi ho dwiriw no” nketenkete ara kwa. Nanso wobetumi ayɛ nea emu yɛ den kakra asen saa. Ɛnnɛ, yɛbɛka saa suban ahorow yi a yɛyɛ de sɛe yɛn ankasa nipadua a yennim mpo no ho asɛm. Wɔ aduruyɛ mu no, wɔfrɛ eyinom sɛ Body-Focused Repetitive Behaviors (BFRBs).

Dɛn ankasa ne nneyɛe a ɛtaa ba a ɛtwe adwene si nipadua so (BFRBs)?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, ``(BFRB)`` yɛ adeyɛ a woyɛ no mpɛn pii a wode biribi wɔ wo nipadua so. Nea ɛba ne sɛ, a wunnim mpo no, wode nneɛma nketenkete ba w’ankasa wo nipadua so. Nnipa pii hu eyinom sɛ "nneɛma a ɛyɛ hu" ara kwa. Sɛ nhwɛso no, nneɛma te sɛ wo nnadewa ho were a wobɛka bere a woafono anaasɛ worebɔ wo nsateaa.

Nanso eyinom nyɛ nneɛma a yɛyɛ de twa bere no ara kwa. Nhwehwɛmu kyerɛ sɛ yɛn awosu, yɛn amemene nhyehyɛe, ne nkate horow nya saa nneyɛe yi so nkɛntɛnso. Ebia woabɔ mmɔden sɛ wobɛtew saa nneɛma yi so, nanso ebia woahu sɛ ɛyɛ den sɛ wubegyae. BFRB yɛ akɔnnɔ a emu yɛ den a wontumi nni so. Na, ebia wobɛte anigye anaa abotɔyam kakra nka wɔ ne yɛ mu. Nanso mma ɛnhaw wo, ayaresa ahorow bi wɔ hɔ a sɛ wuhia mmoa a.

Dɛn ne saa `(BFRB)` yi ahorow titiriw?

`(BFRB)` ahodoɔ pii wɔ hɔ. Ahorow abien titiriw ne nea ɛtaa ba ne:

• Wora a wɔtetew anaa honam ani a wɔtetew: Wɔfrɛ eyi wɔ aduruyɛ mu sɛ ``Excoriation'' anaa ``Dermatillomania.'' Eyi hwehwɛ sɛ wɔtetew, twitwiw, na wotutu honam ani mmeae bi mpɛn pii.
• Nwi a wɔtwe: Wɔfrɛ eyi ``Trichotillomania.'' Eyi hwehwɛ sɛ wɔtwe ti nhwi fi mmeae te sɛ ti nhwi, aniwa, ne aniwa nhwi.

Saa ahorow abien yi nso ne nea wɔahu titiriw wɔ Amerika Adwene ne Nkate Ho Nnuruyɛfo Fekuw no Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5-TR) mu.

So `(BFRB)` ahorow afoforo wɔ hɔ?

Yiw, `(BFRB)` ahorow afoforo pii wɔ hɔ. Wɔne:

• Nse a wɔyam: `(Bruxism)`
• Nsateaa mu mpaapaemu: `(Crepitus)` (Eyi taa nyɛ asiane biara, nanso nnipa binom yɛ no sɛ wɔn su)
• Wora a ɛka obi: `(Dermatophagia)`
• Nsateaa a wɔnom: `(Nsateaa a wɔnom)` (Eyi abu so wɔ mmofra nkumaa mu, nanso ebetumi aba wɔ mpanyimfo binom nso mu)
• Anofafa a ɛka obi keratosis:
• Afono mu a wobɛka: `(Morsicatio buccarum)`
• Nnadewa a wɔde ka obi: `(Onychophagia)`
• Nnadewa a ɛka/ɛbubu: `(Onychotillomania)`
• Nose picking: `(Rhinotillexomania)` (Eyi nso yɛ biribi a nnipa pii yɛ sɛ wɔn su)
• Nwi a wodi: `(Trichophagnia)` (Nwi a wɔtwetwe) .

Ɛwom sɛ wɔanka saa ahorow afoforo yi ho asɛm pɔtee wɔ DSM-5-TR no mu de, nanso oduruyɛfo betumi ahu wɔn denam wɔn a ɔde bɛto BFRB kuw a ɛfata mu no so.

Saa tebea horow yi abu so dɛn?

Sɛnea nhwehwɛmu ahorow kyerɛ no, nnuruyɛfo akyerɛ wɔ aban kwan so sɛ ɔmanfo no mu 0.5% kosi 4.4% na wɔwɔ BFRB. Nanso, ɛda adi sɛ dodow ankasa no dɔɔso sen saa koraa. Nea enti a ɛte saa ne sɛ nnipa pii nhwehwɛ aduruyɛ mu afotu wɔ tebea yi ho. Ebia esiane aniwu nti, anaa esiane sɛ wonnim sɛ ɛyɛ yare nti.

Dɛn ne `(BFRB)` ho sɛnkyerɛnne?

Suban a wɔtaa hu ``(BFRB)`` ne:

• Wo ti nhwi, wo nnadewa, ne wo honam ani a wobɛtwe, wobɛtwetwe, na woabubu.
• Nnadewa, anofafa, afono a wɔkeka.
• Nsateaa a ɛpae, nkwaa a ɛpae.
• Nse a wɔyam.

Sɛ woyɛ saa nneɛma yi a, ebia wobɛte nka sɛ:

• Ansa na wobɛyɛ saa suban no, wote dadwen ne nhyɛso pii nka , na sɛ woyɛ wie a, wote ahotɔ nka bere tiaa bi .
• Ɛte sɛ nea wunni tumi biara bere a woyɛ saa (te sɛ nea wuntumi nnyae).
• Ɛtɔ da bi a woyɛ no wɔ w’adwene mu (wɔnhu mu) , na mmere foforo nso woyɛ no a wunnim (a wunnim) . Fa no sɛ, bere a worehwɛ TV anaa worekenkan nhoma no, woatwitwa wo nsateaa anaa wotwe ti nhwi bi wɔ akwanhyia mu.

Adɛn nti na saa `(BFRB)` yi ba? Dɛn na ɛde ba?

Nnuruyɛfo da so ara nnim nea ɛde BFRB ba ankasa, nanso nhwehwɛmu ada no adi sɛ ebia nneɛma yi na ɛde ba:

• Amemene no nhyehyɛe ne awosu mu nneɛma: Yɛn amemene no wɔ afã horow a ɛhwɛ nneɛma te sɛ anigye ne abotɔyam so. Na afã horow a ɛhyɛ nkate horow so. Nsakrae bi a ɛba sɛnea wɔahyehyɛ saa afã horow yi mu no betumi ama BFRB ahorow aba. Yɛn awosu mu nkwaadɔm na ɛkyerɛ sɛnea wɔhyehyɛ amemene no afã horow yi ne sɛnea ɛyɛ adwuma. Afei nso, awosu mu nkwaadɔm betumi aka sɛ ebia nnuru a ɛhwɛ yɛn adwene ne yɛn nkate horow so te sɛ Serotonin ne Dopamine no ntumi nyɛ adwuma yiye wɔ amemene no mu anaa.
• Nkate a Wodi So: Ɛtɔ da bi a, saa ``(BFRB)s'' yi betumi ayɛ ɔkwan a yɛfa so de yɛn nipadua di dwuma de di nkate bɔne te sɛ aniwu, aniwu, mfonoe, ne awerɛhow ho dwuma anaasɛ yɛkwati.
• Adwene a ɛtwetwe: Sɛ wote nka sɛ woayɛ basaa anaasɛ woakanyan wo dodo a, saa ``(BFRB)`` yi betumi ayɛ ɔkwan a wobɛfa so atwetwe w'adwene. Ɛne sɛ, ɛte sɛ nea saa nneyɛe yi betumi aboa wo ma woatew adwennwen, wo ho a ɛnyɛ wo dɛ, na woatwe w’adwene afi nea ɛrekɔ so wɔ wo ho no so.

Adeɛ a ɛho hia ne sɛ, ɛnyɛ ɔpɛ a wowɔ sɛ wobɛma wo mfonini atu mpɔn anaa wobɛsesa wo honam ani hwɛbea na ɛde saa `(BFRB)` yi ba. Adwene mu tebea afoforo nso wɔ hɔ a nneɛma a ɛtete saa betumi de aba, nanso `(BFRB)` nte saa.

Hena na ɔwɔ asiane kɛse sɛ obenya BFRB?

Ebia nnipa a wɔwɔ saa nneɛma yi wɔ asiane kɛse mu sɛ wobenya BFRB:

• Ɔbea a obi yɛ.
• Esiane sɛ wɔahyia ayayade anaa adwenemhaw a emu yɛ den bi wɔ mmofraase anaa akyiri yi wɔ n’asetra mu nti.
• Abusua muni bi a ɔwɔ (abɔde mu abusuabɔ) ``(BFRB)`` tebea.
• Sɛ́ wubenya obu a ɛba fam ama wɔn ho.
• Ɔyare a Ɛma Nnipa Ho Yɛ Den (OCD) .
• Nnubɔne a wɔde di dwuma ho haw anaasɛ nnubɔne anaa nsa a wɔde di dwuma ɔkwammɔne so a obi wɔ.

Nsɛnnennen bɛn na ebetumi aba esiane saa `(BFRB)` yi nti?

Sɛ wowe wo nipadua no afã horow, wotetew, na wotwe bere nyinaa a, ebetumi de nsɛnnennen te sɛ:

• Mmoawa a wɔde nyarewa ba: Ɛnyɛ den sɛ ɔyare mmoawa betumi aba bere a honam ani apira no.
• Mogya a ɛretu: Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, akuru tumi mogya tu.
• Nwi a ɛtɔ: Sɛ wotaa twetwe ti nhwi a, ebetumi ama obi ayɛ ti nhwi.
• Akuru: Sɛ honam ani sɛe a, ebetumi ama akuru a ɛtra hɔ daa aba.

Sɛ w’ankasa wo nneyɛe sesa wo honam ani hwɛbea a wunnim a, ebetumi aka wo nkate, wo ho a wubu, ne ahotoso a wowɔ. Wubetumi ahwehwɛ mmoa afi adwenemyare ho ɔfotufo hɔ na ama woadi saa nkate horow yi ho dwuma.

Wobɛyɛ dɛn ahu sɛ wowɔ `(BFRB)`?

Ebia wo oduruyɛfo titiriw, honam ani yare ho oduruyɛfo, anaa wo sẽ ho oduruyɛfo na odi kan bɛhwɛ wo sɛ wowɔ BFRB a. Sɛ nhwɛso no, sɛ wowɔ honam ani haw bi a, ebia wo duruyɛfo besusuw sɛ woretetew wo honam ani bere nyinaa. Oduruyɛfo no bebisa wo wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne ne sɛnea wote nka ho asɛm. Afei ebia wɔde wo bɛkɔ adwenemyare ho ɔbenfo te sɛ adwenemyare ho oduruyɛfo anaa adwene ne nneyɛe ho ɔbenfo nkyɛn.

Adwene mu akwahosan ho ɔfotufo bi bɛhwehwɛ wo mu ahwɛ sɛ wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no ne gyinapɛn ahorow a wɔde hu BFRB no hyia anaa:

• Wode wo ho hyɛ nneyɛe a wɔtaa yɛ a ɛsɛe wo nipadua mu.
• Wobɔ mmɔden sɛ wubegyae (anaasɛ wobɛtew) saa suban yi, nanso wuntumi.
• Saa suban yi ma woyɛ basaa anaasɛ ɛmma wuntumi nyɛ wo da biara da nnwuma yiye.

Dɛn ne ayaresa ahorow a wɔde sa `(BFRB)`?

Wobetumi de eyinom mu biako anaa abien no nyinaa adi dwuma sɛ aduru a wɔde sa BFRB ahorow:

• Ayaresa: Adwene mu akwahosan ho ɔfotufo bi bɛkyerɛ wo ntetee a wode bɛdan wo suban denam ayaresa kwan bi a wɔfrɛ no Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) so. Eyi bɛboa wo ma woahu nneɛma a ɛkanyan saa nneyɛe yi yiye. Wɔbɛtete wo nso ma woahwehwɛ akwan foforo a wobɛfa so abua wɔn mmom sen sɛ wobɛyɛ. Fa no sɛ bere biara a wobɛte nka sɛ wobɛbɔ obi akuturuku no, wubesua sɛ wobɛpiapia bɔɔl ketewaa bi anaasɛ wobɛyɛ biribi foforo mmom.
• Nnuru: Mprempren nnuru biara nni hɔ a U.S. Aduan ne Nnuru Dwumadibea (FDA) apene so pɔtee ama BFRB. Nanso, nnuru bi wɔ hɔ a ebetumi aboa ma wɔadi yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow ho dwuma. Oduruyɛfo bi betumi akyerɛw nnuru a ekum adwenemhaw a wɔfrɛ no Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs). Ebia aduru bi a wɔde ka aduan ho a wɔfrɛ no NAC (N-acetylcysteine) nso bɛboa nnipa binom.

Ade a ɛho hia sen biara ne sɛ wobɛtoa w’ayaresa nhyehyɛe no so, sɛ wo ho atɔ wo mpo a. Fa wo nnuru no sɛnea wo duruyɛfo ka kyerɛ wo no pɛpɛɛpɛ. Mma wonyɛ nsakrae biara wɔ w’ayaresa nhyehyɛe no mu a wo duruyɛfo no mpene so.

Osuahu bɛn na obi a ɔwɔ `(BFRB)` wɔ?

BFRB betumi ate nka na ɛsono sɛnea obiara te. Ebia wobɛte nka sɛ wo ho yeraw wo, wo ho bɛtɔ wo, anaa woayɛ basaa. Ɛyɛ den sɛ wubehu bere pɔtee a wobɛte nka sɛ wopɛ sɛ woyɛ. Ɛtɔ da bi a, wunhu mpo sɛ woreyɛ kosi sɛ obi bɛkyerɛ wo. Bere kɔ so no, saa nneyɛe yi betumi asɛe wo nipadua, ama woanya akuru, na ama woanya ɔyare mmoawa.

Nanso mma ɛnhaw wo. Ayaresa, a mpɛn pii no ɛyɛ afotu ne nnuru a wɔde ka bom no betumi aboa wo ma woadi wo BFRB sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no ho dwuma. Egye bere ne adesua - wo ntumi nnyae saa suban ahorow yi anadwo biako. Sɛ wowɔ nsɛmmisa bi fa saa ayaresa nhyehyɛe yi ho a, wo ne wo duruyɛfo nkasa.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn?

Sɛ wowɔ nneyɛe a ɛtaa ba a ɛtwe adwene si nipadua so a wopɛ sɛ wugyae nanso worehyia ɔhaw wɔ ho sɛ w’ankasa wubedi ho dwuma a, kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn. Eyinom betumi ayɛ honam ani a wɔtetew, sẽ a wɔyam, ne ti nhwi a wɔtwe.

Afei nso, sɛ wowɔ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛkyerɛ sɛ woanya ɔyare mmoawa afi kuru bi mu, te sɛ ɛyaw, akisikuru, anaa akisikuru a, bɔ oduruyɛfo amanneɛ ntɛm ara.

Nsɛm bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ wubisa wo duruyɛfo?

Wubetumi abisa nsɛm yi bere a woakɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn no:

• Mɛyɛ dɛn agyae `(BFRB)` yi?
• So ɛsɛ sɛ me ne adwenemyare ho ɔfotufo bi kasa ?
• So wokamfo kyerɛ sɛ mennom nnuru?
• So nnuru a wɔnom betumi de ɔhaw ahorow aba?

Nkrasɛm a ɛsɛ sɛ yegye fi eyi mu

Obiara mpɛ sɛ ɔbɛte nka sɛ ontumi nni n’ankasa nneyɛe so. Ɛmfa ho sɛnea wobɛbɔ mmɔden sɛ wubegyae saa nneɛma yi no, ɛtɔ mmere bi a ɛte sɛ nea biribiara ntumi nyɛ adwuma. Ɛno ne nokwasɛm ma obi a ɔwɔ nipadua a ɛtwe adwene si so mpɛn pii (BFRB).

Nanso asɛmpa no ne sɛ, ɛnsɛ sɛ wokɔ so de saa nneyɛe yi hu amane. Oduruyɛfo betumi aboa wo ma woanya ano aduru.

Nnipa pii de afotu ne/anaasɛ nnuru di saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi ho dwuma yiye. Ebia ebegye asram pii ansa na wo ho atɔ wo na woahu nea efi mu ba. Nanso wo aduruyɛ kuw no bɛboa wo ma woadi saa ``(BFRB)`` tebea yi ho dwuma wo nkwa nna nyinaa. Enti ɛnka akyi dodo da sɛ wobɛsrɛ mmoa, na mma w’ani nwu.

` Body-Focused Repetitive Behavior, BFRB, honam ani a wɔtetew, ti nhwi a wɔtwe, nnadewa a wɔde ka, sẽ a wɔyam, adwenemyare, suban ho ayaresa