So woate nkwammoaa nyin a ɛnteɛ wɔ awotwaa mu nso ho asɛm? (Cervical Dysplasia) Nsuro, momma yɛnka eyi ho asɛm!

Ɛyɛ ade a ɛfata sɛ wobɛte ehu nka kakra bere a wo Pap nhwehwɛmu amanneɛbɔ ka sɛ nsakrae aba wo awotwaa mu nkwammoaa mu no. Ebia wubesusuw sɛ, "Minnim sɛ ɛyɛ kokoram anaa." Nanso mma ɛnhaw wo. Mpɛn pii no, saa tebea a wɔfrɛ no ‘cervical dysplasia’ yi nyɛ kokoram, na mmom ɛyɛ tebea a edi kokoram anim. Momma yɛnka eyi ho asɛm tiawa, wɔ ɔkwan a wubetumi ate ase so.

Dɛn ne awotwaa mu dysplasia?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, ɛyɛ nkwammoaa a ɛnteɛ a enyin wɔ w’awotwaa no ani. Wunim, awotwaa no yɛ ɔkwan a ɛkɔ wo awotwaa no mu, na ɛne wo awotwaa no atifi wɔ abusuabɔ. Wɔsan frɛ no cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, anaa (CIN). ‘Intraepithelial’ kyerɛ sɛ nkwammoaa a ɛnteɛ no wɔ epithelial tissue a ɛwɔ awotwaa no mu nkutoo, na ɛntrɛw nsen saa layer no. ‘Neoplasia’ kyerɛ sɛ nkwammoaa nyin a ɛnteɛ.

Fa no sɛ nsakrae ketewaa bi a ɛba yɛn honam ani fã a ɛwɔ soro no mu. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, ebetumi ayɛ yiye wɔ n’ankasa ho, anaasɛ wobetumi asa no yare kakra.

Tebea yi yɛ aniberesɛm dɛn? So ɛsɛ sɛ yesuro?

Ɛyɛ nokware sɛ asɛmfua "precancerous" betumi ayɛ hu. Nanso nea ɛho hia ne sɛ ɛnyɛ obiara a ɔwɔ awotwaa mu yare no na obenya kokoram. Sɛ wohu sɛ wowɔ saa tebea yi a, ɛkyerɛ sɛ sɛ woannya ayaresa a ɛho hia a, ebia, na mekyerɛ sɛ ebia nkutoo , anya awotwaa mu kokoram. Sɛ kokoram nya ampa a, egye mfe pii ansa na aba. Enti wo duruyɛfo no wɔ bere pii de hwehwɛ mmeae a ɔhaw no wɔ yi na oyi fi hɔ. Enti ɛho hia sɛ woremmɔ hu na wudi wo duruyɛfo afotu akyi.

Akwan bɛn na wɔfa so kyekyɛ nkwammoaa nyin a ɛnteɛ yi mu?

Bere bi a atwam no, na wɔkyekyɛ tebea yi mu sɛ ‘ɛyɛ mmerɛw’, ‘ɛyɛ mmerɛw’, anaa ‘ɛyɛ den’, a egyina sɛnea ɛda adi sɛ nkwammoaa a ɛnteɛ no bɛdan kokoram so. Nanso seesei ɔkwan foforo bi wɔ hɔ a wɔfa so kyekyɛ sɛnea emu yɛ den no mu. Egyina sɛnea nkwammoaa a ɛnteɛ no atrɛw akɔ akyiri sen w’awotwaa no ani ntini no so. Wɔfrɛ eyi ``CIN'' nkyekyɛmu. Ɛyɛ nsenia a efi biako kosi abiɛsa.

• CIN 1: Eyi kyerɛ sɛ nkwammoaa a ɛnyɛ ne kwan so wɔ awotwaa no ani ntini no mu bɛyɛ nkyem abiɛsa mu biako mu.
• CIN 2: Ɛha yi, ebia nkwammoaa a ɛnteɛ no wɔ beae a ɛyɛ ntini no mu duru nkyem abiɛsa mu biako kosi nkyem abiɛsa mu abien.
• CIN 3: Wɔ eyi mu no, nkwammoaa a ɛnyɛ ne kwan so no kata ntini no mu duru bɛboro nkyem abiɛsa mu abien so.

Afei, hwɛ, `(CIN 1)` tebea no ntaa nyɛ kokoram wɔ nsɛm dodow no ara mu. Afei nso, ɛtaa yɛ yiye wɔ n’ankasa mu. Nanso, ɛda adi sɛ `(CIN 2)` ne `(CIN 3)` tebea horow no behia ayaresa na wɔasiw kokoram ano.

Hena na tebea yi ka no kɛse?

Cervical dysplasia ka mmea a wɔde wɔn ho hyɛ nna mu. Ɛtaa ba mmea a wɔanya Human Papillomavirus (HPV) no mu titiriw. So wunim sɛ HPV yɛ nyarewa a wonya fi nna mu (STI) a abu so sen biara wɔ wiase no mu biako?

Saa tebea yi taa ba mmea a wɔadi fi mfe 25 kosi 35 mu, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wɔadi mfe a wobetumi awo.

Dɛn ne eyi ho sɛnkyerɛnne? Wobɛyɛ dɛn ahu?

Mpɛn pii no , awotwaa mu yare no mma obi nnya yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne biara. Wo duruyɛfo no behu nkwammoaa a ɛnteɛ yi bere a woyɛ Pap nhwehwɛmu daa no nkutoo. Ɛno nti na ɛho hia paa sɛ wobɛyɛ wo Pap nhwehwɛmu no wɔ bere ano no. Nanso, ɛtɔ mmere bi a ebia wubehu nneɛma te sɛ nsensanee anaa mogya a ɛbɛtɔ wo wɔ nna akyi.

Dɛn nti na tebea yi ba? Dɛn ne ade titiriw nti?

Nea ɛde eyi ba titiriw ne ɔyare mmoawa a wɔde `(HPV)` nyarewa ba. Saa mmoawa yi nam nna mu nkitahodi so trɛw. Mpɛn pii no, wo nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no betumi ayi mmoawa yi afi hɔ. `(HPV)` mmoawa ahorow bɛboro ɔha na ɛwɔ hɔ. Eyinom mu no, ahorow bi te sɛ `(HPV-16)` ne `(HPV-18)`, taa nya wo awo nhyehyɛe no na ɛma nkwammoaa nyin wɔ ɔkwan a ɛnteɛ so wɔ awotwaa no mu (Cervical Dysplasia).

Nyansahufo bu akontaa sɛ mmea a wɔde wɔn ho hyɛ nna mu bɛboro 75% benya HPV wɔ wɔn asetra mu bere bi. Bere a ɛtaa nya saa nyarewa yi ne mfe a wɔadi fi mfe 15 kosi 25. Nanso, nyarewa yi mu dodow no ara kɔ hɔ ara a ɛmfa ɔhaw biara a ɛtra hɔ daa mma. Ɛntaa mma sɛ nkwammoaa a ɛnyɛ ne kwan so nyin bere tenten, na ɛde tebea bi a wɔfrɛ no cervical dysplasia ba.

Nea ɛho hia: Sɛ wowɔ HPV a, ɛnkyerɛ ankasa sɛ wubenya awotwaa mu yare a ɛnyɛ adwuma yiye.

Wonnya nhuu nea enti pɔtee a mmea binom nya awotwaa mu yare bere a wɔanya HPV na afoforo nso nnya bi no. Nanso, HPV ahorow bi a asiane kɛse wom ne bere tenten a ɔyare no kyɛ no betumi adi dwuma. Nea ɛka ho no, asiane afoforo pii wɔ hɔ:

• Bɛboro mfe 55: Nhwehwɛmu ahorow ada no adi sɛ HPV yare no kyɛ wɔ mmea a wɔadi boro mfe 55. Saa nyarewa yi fi hɔ ntɛmntɛm wɔ wɔn a wonnii mfe 25 mu.
• Sigaretnom: Nnipa a wɔnom sigaret na wɔde tawa nneɛma di dwuma no betumi ayɛ asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wobenya awotwaa mu nkwammoaa a ɛnyɛ ne kwan so no mmɔho abien.
• Nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa a ayɛ mmerɛw: Sɛ worenom nnuru a ɛma nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa a, ebia ɛbɛyɛ den ama wo nipadua sɛ ɛbɛko atia HPV yare no. Afei nso, sɛ woanya Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) a, ebetumi nso atew tumi a wo nipadua no wɔ sɛ ɛbɛko atia nyarewa no so. Sɛ wo nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no yɛ mmerɛw na wunya HPV a, wubetumi anya awotwaa mu yare a ɛnyɛ adwuma yiye.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wohu tebea yi? (Nyare a Wɔahu) .

Ɛda adi sɛ wo duruyɛfo behu tebea yi ho sɛnkyerɛnne bere a woyɛ Pap nhwehwɛmu daa no. Sɛ nea efii Pap nhwehwɛmu no mu ba no mu nna hɔ anaasɛ ɛkyerɛ nkwammoaa a ɛnteɛ a, ebia ade a edi hɔ a wɔbɛyɛ ne colposcopy, a ɛyɛ nhwehwɛmu a wɔde hwehwɛ wo awotwaa mu.

Wobetumi ayɛ saa ``(colposcopy)`` sɔhwɛ yi wɔ wo duruyɛfo adwumayɛbea. Wɔ saa sɔhwɛ yi mu no, oduruyɛfo no de adwinnade bi a kanea wom a wɔfrɛ no ``colposcope`` di dwuma de hwehwɛ nkwammoaa a ɛnyɛ ne kwan so wɔ wo awotwaa anaa wo awotwaa afasu so.

Oduruyɛfo no nso betumi afa ntini bi (biopsy) na ɔde akɔma lab ma wasua saa nkwammoaa yi ho ade pii. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, wobetumi ayɛ DNA nhwehwɛmu de ahwɛ sɛ ebia HPV ahorow a asiane kɛse wom anaa.

Dɛn ne ayaresa ahorow a wɔde sa eyi? (Ayaresa)

Ayaresa no gyina nneɛma pii so. Sɛnea wo awotwaa mu yare no mu yɛ den, mfe a woadi, w’akwahosan, ne ayaresa a wopɛ. Ma ɛntra w’adwenem sɛ ayaresa ahorow bi a wɔde sa awotwaa mu yare no betumi aka sɛnea wubetumi anyinsɛn daakye. Enti, sɛ woanyinsɛn anaa woreyɛ nhyehyɛe sɛ wubenyinsɛn daakye a, wo ne wo duruyɛfo nkasa mfa ayaresa a wubetumi apaw ho.

Nkwammoaa a ɛnyɛ ne kwan so a wɔhwɛ so

Sɛ wowɔ tebea bi a ɛnyɛ den pii a wɔfrɛ no `Cervical Dysplasia` (CIN 1) a, ebia worenhia ayaresa. Mpɛn pii no, tebea yi ankasa bɛyɛ yiye. Saa tebea horow yi mu ɔha biara mu kakraa bi pɛ na ɛkɔ awotwaa mu kokoram, bɛyɛ 1%. Enti, ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛkamfo akyerɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ Pap nhwehwɛmu daa na ama wɔahwɛ sɛ nkwammoaa mu nsakrae a ɛnteɛ anaa.

Nkwammoaa a ɛnyɛ ne kwan so a woyi fi hɔ anaasɛ wɔsɛe no

Sɛ wo awotwaa mu yare no mu yɛ den kɛse (CIN 2 anaa CIN 3) a, ebia wo duruyɛfo betumi ayi nkwammoaa a ɛnyɛ ne kwan so a ebetumi abɛyɛ kokoram no afi hɔ anaasɛ asɛe no.

Akwan pii wɔ hɔ a wɔfa so yɛ eyi:

• Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure (LEEP): Wɔ saa adeyɛ yi mu no, wɔde waya loop ketewaa bi a anyinam ahoɔden wom di dwuma de yi ntini a ɛnyɛ ne kwan so. Saa adeyɛ yi nso betumi agye ntini nhwɛsode ahorow de ayɛ nhwehwɛmu foforo. Mmea 1% kosi 2% betumi anya nsɛnnennen wɔ saa adeyɛ yi akyi, te sɛ mogya a ɛkyɛ anaasɛ awotwaa no mu a ɛyɛ teateaa (stenosis).
• Cold knife cone biopsy (conization): Wɔ saa adeyɛ yi mu no, oduruyɛfo no yi ntini bi a ɛte sɛ cone a nkwammoaa a ɛnyɛ ne kwan so wom. Kan no na wɔde saa kwan yi sa awotwaa mu yare a ɛyɛ mmerɛw, nanso mprempren wɔde di dwuma ma nsɛm a emu yɛ den kɛse. Saa adeyɛ yi nso betumi afa ntini bi de ayɛ nhwehwɛmu foforo. Nanso, ɛde nsɛnnennen te sɛ awotwaa no a ɛyɛ teateaa ne mogya a ɛba bere a wɔayɛ oprehyɛn akyi no ho asiane kɛse kakra ba.
• Hysterectomy: Eyi ne awotwaa no a woyi fi hɔ koraa. Sɛ awotwaa mu yare no kɔ so anaasɛ ɛnkɔ so yiye wɔ ayaresa afoforo akyi a, ebia wobetumi atwa awotwaa no mu.

So wobetumi asa tebea yi koraa?

Yiw, koraa! `(Cervical Dysplasia)` nyinaa mu bɛyɛ 90% betumi asa denam nkwammoaa a ɛnyɛ ne kwan so no a wobeyi anaa wɔbɛsɛe no so. `(Cervical Dysplasia)` ntaa nkɔ so nkɔ kokoram. Sɛ ɛba saa mpo a, ɛkɔ so brɛoo paa. Enti bere pii wɔ hɔ a oduruyɛfo no de ne ho gye mu na ɔsa.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wobɛbɔ wo ho ban afi tebea yi ho? (Ayaresa a wɔde siw ano) .

Ɔkwan biako pɛ a wobetumi afa so asiw awotwaa mu yare ano ne sɛ wɔbɛkwati HPV yare mmoawa. Sɛ wowɔ HPV dedaw a, Pap nhwehwɛmu a wobɛyɛ daa no betumi aboa ma asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya awotwaa mu kokoram no so atew. Pap nhwehwɛmu ntumi nsiw awotwaa mu yare ano, nanso ebetumi aboa ma wɔahu awotwaa mu yare ntɛm na amma ankɔyɛ kokoram.

Nneɛma bi a wubetumi ayɛ ni:

• Nya HPV vaccine no: Ɔkwan pa a wobɛfa so asiw HPV ne cervical dysplasia ano ne sɛ wobɛma wo vaccine. FDA apene nnuru abiɛsa a wɔde bɔ nkurɔfo ho ban fi HPV ahorow a ɛtaa bata awotwaa mu yare ho no so: Gardasil®, Gardasil 9®, ne Cervarix®. CDC kamfo kyerɛ sɛ obiara a wadi mfe 9 kosi 26 nnya aduru a wɔde bɔ no ho ban no. Sɛ woadi mfeɛ 27 kɔsi 45 a, wo ne wo duruyɛfoɔ nkasa mfa mfasoɔ a ɛwɔ vaccine no a wobɛnya so. Vaccine no ntumi nsa nnipa a wɔwɔ HPV anaa cervical dysplasia dedaw, nanso ebetumi aboa ma wɔasiw daakye nyarewa ano wɔ tebea horow bi mu.
• Ɔbarima ne ɔbea nna a wobɛkwati anaa nna a ahobammɔ wom a wode bɛyɛ adwuma: Wubetumi asiw HPV yare no ano denam nna a wobɛkwati, a ɔbarima ne ɔbea nna a ɛwɔ ɔbea awotwaa mu, akyi berɛmo, ne anom ka ho no so. Wubetumi nso atew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ no so denam nna a ahobammɔ wom a wode bedi dwuma no so. Fa kɔndɔm anaa sẽ a wɔde hyɛ wo sẽ mu di dwuma bere a wo ne obi reda. To wɔn a wɔne wɔn bɛda no dodow ano hye.
• Yɛ Pap nhwehwɛmu daa: Ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ wo Pap nhwehwɛmu a edi kan bere a woadi mfe 21. Sɛ wo Pap nhwehwɛmu no yɛ nea ɛfata a, mprempren nyansahyɛ ahorow ne sɛ wobɛyɛ Pap nhwehwɛmu mfe abiɛsa biara fi mfe 21 kosi 29. Sɛ woadi mfe 30 kosi 65 a, ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ Pap nhwehwɛmu ne HPV nhwehwɛmu mfe anum biara.
• Kwati sigaretnom ne tawa nneɛma a wode bedi dwuma: Sɛ wonom sigaret a, ɛda adi sɛ wubenya HPV yare, titiriw awotwaa mu yare, tebea a emu yɛ den.

Sɛ mewɔ saa tebea yi a, dɛn na ɛba?

Sɛ wohu ntɛm a, ayaresa a wɔde sa awotwaa mu yare no dɔɔso yiye. Wɔ mmea a wɔwɔ dysplasia a asiane kɛse wom mu no, asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wobenya awotwaa mu kokoram no so tew 95% wɔ mfe awotwe a edi kan wɔ ayaresa akyi.

Sɛ wohu sɛ wowɔ awotwaa mu yare a ɛnyɛ yiye wie a, wo duruyɛfo bɛhwɛ w’akwahosan yiye ahwɛ sɛ nkwammoaa a ɛnteɛ no san nyin anaasɛ ɛbɛyɛ kokoram anaa. Ɛho behia nso sɛ woyɛ Pap nhwehwɛmu ne HPV nhwehwɛmu daa. Sɛ wosa wo yare wie a, ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛkamfo akyerɛ wo sɛ wobɛyɛ Pap nhwehwɛmu asram abiɛsa kosi asia biara afe biako anaa abien. Ɛno akyi no, wubetumi ayɛ Pap nhwehwɛmu afe biara.

Nsɛm bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mibisa me duruyɛfo?

Sɛ wuhu sɛ wowɔ cervical dysplasia a, ɛyɛ ade a ɛfata sɛ wubenya nsɛmmisa pii wɔ w’adwenem. Nsɛmmisa bi a wubetumi abisa wo duruyɛfo ni:

• So ɛsɛ sɛ minya HPV aduru no?
• Me `(Cervical Dysplasia)` tebea no yɛ aniberesɛm dɛn?
• So asiane kɛse wom sɛ menya awotwaa mu kokoram?
• Saa tebea `(Cervical Dysplasia)` yi bɛka me nyinsɛn no dɛn? (Sɛ woanyinsɛn anaasɛ wowɔ anidaso sɛ wubenyinsɛn a)
• Sɔhwɛ bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ meyɛ de hwɛ me tebea no so? Mpɛn ahe na ɛsɛ sɛ minya?
• Ɔkwan bɛn so na ayaresa a wɔde ma `(Cervical Dysplasia)` bɛka sɛnea metumi anyinsɛn daakye?

Kae sɛ, nsuro sɛ wubebisa wo duruyɛfo nsɛmmisa biara a wowɔ, ɛmfa ho sɛnea ɛyɛ ketewaa no. Ɛho hia yiye sɛ wohwɛ w’akwahosan yiye.

Awiei koraa no, nea ɛsɛ sɛ wokae (Take-Home Message) .

Ɛyɛ ade a ɛfata sɛ wobɛte ehu nka bere a wuhu sɛ wowɔ tebea bi a edi kokoram anim a wɔfrɛ no ``Cervical Dysplasia'' wɔ wo awotwaa mu no. Nanso, kae sɛ ɛnyɛ bere nyinaa na eyi ma obi nya kokoram . Sɛ wohu ntɛm na wɔsa no yiye a, wobetumi asiw awotwaa mu kokoram ano.

Enti, bɔ wo ho ban fi HPV yare mmoawa ho. Nya HPV aduru no. Fa nna a ahobammɔ wom di dwuma. Mma Pap sɔhwɛ bi nmpa wo ti so da. Hwɛ w’akwahosan so yiye! Ɛnyɛ wo nko ara, wo duruyɛfo wɔ hɔ sɛ ɔne wo bɛkasa na wanya mmoa.

` Cervical Dysplasia, awotwaa mu nkwammoaa a ɛnteɛ, HPV, Pap nhwehwɛmu, mmea akwahosan, tebea a edi kokoram anim, awotwaa mu kokoram