So yɛbɛka Aniwa Ho Nsɛnnennen a Ɛtaa Ba a Ɛma Mfe a Wɔadi Ho asɛm?

Enti, bere a yɛrenyin no, yɛn nipadua fi ase sesa, ɛnte saa? Ɛtɔ da bi a, yɛn ani nso te eyi nka. So wote nka sɛ wuntumi nhu ade yiye sɛnea na woyɛ kan no? So ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛkenkan nkyerɛwee nketewa anaa atesɛm nkrataa akenkan? Mma ɛnhaw wo, saa nneɛma yi mu pii betumi ayɛ tebea horow a ɛfata a ɛba bere a obi nyin no. Nanso sɛ wuhu eyinom na woyɛ nneɛma wɔ bere a ɛsɛ mu a, ebetumi aboa ma w’ani ayɛ yiye bere tenten.

Dɛn ne aniwa mu haw ahorow a ɛtaa ba bere a yɛrenyin no?

Okay, momma yɛnhwɛ ɔhaw ahorow a ɛka yɛn ani kɛse bere a yɛrenyin no. Ebia wɔate wɔn mu bi ho asɛm.

Eyinom ne tebea atitiriw a wohu:

• Macular Degeneration (AMD) a ɛfa mfe a obi adi ho: Eyi ne bere a macula, aniwa no fã a ɛho hia yiye a ɛma wohu ade yiye no sɛe. Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, nea wuhu no mfinimfini bɛyɛ nea ɛyɛ kusuu na emu nna hɔ. Ebetumi ayɛ den sɛ wubehu anim anaasɛ wobɛkenkan nhoma bi.
• Cataracts: Eyi yɛ biribi a nnipa pii nim. Eyi ne bere a aniwa no mu ahwehwɛ no yɛ mununkum anaasɛ sum kabii. Afei nneɛma betumi ayɛ te sɛ nea ɛyɛ kusuu na ne kɔla asesa. Ɛte sɛ nea worehwɛ ahwehwɛ a ɛho agu fĩ mu.
• Asikreyare a Ɛfa Asikreyare Ho: Sɛ wowɔ asikreyare a, eyi ho hia titiriw. Asikreyare betumi asɛe mogya ntini a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a ɛwɔ aniwa no mu no, na aka w’ani so.
• Glaucoma: Eyi yɛ yare a ɛyɛ anifere kakra. Eyi fi nhyɛso a ɛkɔ soro wɔ aniwa no mu, na ɛsɛe aniwa ntini a ɛho hia ma yɛn anisoadehu no. Ɛwom sɛ ebia sɛnkyerɛnne titiriw biara nni hɔ wɔ mfiase de, nanso nkakrankakra aniwa betumi ayɛ nea wontumi nhu.

Wɔ saa atitiriw yi akyi no, aniwa mu haw ahorow afoforo wɔ hɔ a ebetumi aba bere a worenyin no. Nhwɛso kakraa bi ni:

• Presbyopia: Eyi yɛ biribi a ɛto nnipa dodow no ara bere a wɔadi mfe 40. Ɛkyerɛ sɛ nneɛma a ɛbɛn te sɛ nkyerɛwde nketewa no mu nna hɔ saa. Fa atesɛm krataa no kɔ soro kakra, na ɛbɛyɛ den sɛ wode asaawa bɛkyekyere ade, ɛnte saa? Ɛno ne nea ɛte.
• Astigmatism: Sɛ aniwa no ntumi nhwɛ hann no yiye a, ɛte sɛ nea nneɛma atrɛw kakra na ayɛ kusuu.
• Aniwa a ɛyɛ kusuu: Sɛ nusu so tew a, aniwa no betumi ayow, ayɛ abufuw, na ayɛ te sɛ nea anhwea wɔ aniwa no mu.
• Aniwa a ɛsensɛn nsu mu: Ɛtɔ mmere bi a wuhu nsensanee tuntum nketewa anaa nhama a ɛsensɛn w’ani anim ? Eyinom ne nea wɔyɛ. Ɛwom sɛ mpɛn pii no wɔnyɛ asiane de, nanso sɛ wɔdɔɔso mpofirim a, ɛbɛyɛ papa sɛ wobɛkɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn.
• Hyperopia: Akyirikyiri: Nneɛma a ɛwɔ akyirikyiri a wuhu pefee, nanso wuhu nneɛma a ɛbɛn no sɛ ɛyɛ kusuu.
• Hann a ɛhyerɛn: Hann a ɛhyerɛn mpofirim wɔ aniwa anim.
• Anisoadehu a ɛba fam:Nsɛm bi wɔ hɔ a sɛ wɔde ahwehwɛ anaa ayaresa afoforo mpo di dwuma a, wontumi nsan nhu ade yiye.
• Myopia: Nhumu a ɛbɛn: Sɛ wuhu nneɛma yiye, nanso wuhu nneɛma wɔ akyirikyiri sɛ ɛyɛ nea wontumi nhu.
• Retinal Detachment: Eyi yɛ asɛm a egye ntɛmpɛ. Retina, ade a ɛyɛ hann a ɛwɔ aniwa no mu no tetew. Ebetumi ama obi ani abere mpofirim.
• Aniwa a nsu wom: Nusu a ɛtra so.

Nanso kae sɛ, ɛho nhia sɛ wusuro eyinom nyinaa. Aniwa ho animdefo betumi asa ɔhaw ahorow yi pii. Ebinom betumi asa koraa, bere a afoforo nso betumi atew sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no so na ama w’ani ahu ade yiye sɛnea wubetumi bere tenten biara a wubetumi. Ɛntaa mma sɛ tebea horow no mu yɛ den araa ma ɛma obi nhu ade koraa.

Ade a ɛho hia sen biara ne sɛ wobɛhwɛ w'ani bere ne bere mu . Afei, sɛ ɔhaw bi wɔ hɔ a, wobetumi ahu no ntɛm na wɔafi ayaresa ase.

Dɛn ne aniwa mu haw ahorow yi ho sɛnkyerɛnne?

Mpɛn pii no, saa aniwa mu nyarewa a efi mfe a obi adi mu yi mfa sɛnkyerɛnne atitiriw biara mma wɔ mfiase no. Ɛno nti na wɔyɛ hu kakra no. Nanso, egyina tebea no so no, sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow betumi ada adi. Hwɛ sɛ wowɔ eyinom mu bi anaa:

• Anisoadehu yɛ mununkum na ɛyɛ kusuu.
• Aniwa a ɛnyɛ dɛ, ɛhyew, ne akisikuru.
• Nusu a ɛtra so anaasɛ aniwa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw.
• Sɛ wuhu nsensanee tuntum anaa nhama a ɛrehuruhuruw wɔ w’ani so, anaasɛ mpofirim ara wubehu akanea.
• Hann a ɛhyerɛn ho nkate, ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛhwɛ owia hann.
• Ɛyɛ den sɛ wobehu kɔla ahorow na wɔahu (sɛ nhwɛso no, ɛte sɛ nea bruu tuntum ne tuntum ayɛ basaa).
• Anisoadehu bɛyɛ teateaa, te sɛ nea worehwɛ afiri bi mu (peripheral vision loss).

Saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi betumi ama ayɛ den sɛ wobɛyɛ wo da biara da dwumadi ahorow. Hwɛ:

• Nkyerɛwee nketewa, entumi nkenkan atesɛm krataa mu nsɛm.
• Ti a ɛyɛ wo yaw a wobenya.
• Sɛ wontumi mmu akwansin ho atɛn pɛpɛɛpɛ (e.g. bere a wɔresian antweri no).
• Ɛyɛ den sɛ wode w’adwene besi biribi so bere a wohwɛ biribi a ɛbɛn wo na afei mpofirim ara wohwɛ biribi a ɛwɔ akyirikyiri no.
• Nneɛma a wotumi hu no so tew anadwo, na ɛma ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛka kar anadwo.
• Aniwa a ɛte sɛ nea wabrɛ.

Sɛ wote biribi a ɛte sɛɛ nka a, akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ kɔ aniwa ho oduruyɛfo nkyɛn.

Dɛn nti na aniwa yɛ eyi bere a yɛrenyin no?

Ebia woresusuw nea enti a mfe yi haw w’ani saa no ho. Te sɛ yɛn nipadua akwaa afoforo no, yɛn aniwa nso nya nsakrae bi bere a yɛrenyin no. Ɛyɛ adebɔ mu ade.

• Wɔ mfe 40 akyi: Nnipa pii nusu sua. Nusu boa ma aniwa no yɛ nwini, ɛho tew, na ɛbɔ ho ban fi ɔyare mmoawa ho. Enti sɛ nusu so tew a, aniwa no yɛ kusuu, ɛyɛ yaw, na ɛhyɛ abufuw.
• Protein a ɛwɔ aniwa no mu: Bere a yɛrenyin no, protein a ɛwɔ aniwa no mu no fi ase sɛe. Eyi ne ade titiriw a ɛde ani a ɛyɛ mmerɛw ba. Ahwehwɛ no mu yɛ den nkakrankakra na ɛyɛ mununkum.
• Adeɛ a ɛwɔ aniwa no mfimfini: Adeɛ bi a ɛte sɛ jelly a wɔfrɛ no `(Vitreous)` wɔ yɛn aniwa mu. Bere a yɛrenyin no, eyi fi ase brɛ ase kakra. Ɛno ne bere a saa `floaters` no fi ase da adi wɔ aniwa anim. Ɛtɔ da bi a eyi betumi ama `Retinal Detachment` aba.
• Aniwa no a ɛyɛ mmerɛw: Aniwa no ahwehwɛ no yɛ mmerɛw yiye bere a woyɛ abofra no. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ ebetumi ayɛ nsakrae wɔ anisoadehu a ɛbɛn ne akyirikyiri. Nanso, bere a worenyin no, saa nsakrae yi so tew. Eyi ne bere a tebea bi a wɔfrɛ no ``Presbyopia'' ba, a wuntumi nhu nneɛma a ɛbɛn.

So aniwa mu haw ahorow a efi mfe a obi adi mu no betumi de ɔhaw afoforo aba?

Yiw, ɛtɔ mmere bi a aniwa mu haw betumi de ɔhaw afoforo aba. Sɛ nhwɛso no, sɛ w’ani nhu ade yiye a, ɛda adi sɛ wobɛhwe ase na woahyia akwanhyia.

Afei nso, sɛ w’ani duruyɛfo hwehwɛ w’ani mu a, wobetumi ahwehwɛ nyarewa afoforo a ɛne aniwa no nni abusuabɔ ho nsɛnkyerɛnne nso. So ɛnyɛ nwonwa? W’ani betumi aka w’akwahosan nyinaa ho nsɛm pii akyerɛ wo.

Ɛtɔ mmere bi a aniwa mu haw betumi ayɛ tebea afoforo te sɛ:

• Tebea a ɛte sɛ mogya ntini a ɛpae (`Aneurysm`) .
• Kokoram
• Asikyireyareɛ
• Koma mu yare
• Mogya mmoroso (Hypertension) .
• Ntini a Ɛyɛ Fɛ (MS) .
• Sjögren Syndrome (yare bi a ɛma aniwa ne ano yɛ kusuu) .
• Vitamin A a enni nipadua no mu
• Nnwodwoɔ
• Akisikuru

Ɛno nti na wɔka sɛ aniwa mu nhwehwɛmu nyɛ ahwehwɛ a wobenya kɛkɛ, ɛho hia ma akwahosan nyinaa.

Wobɛyɛ dɛn ahu aniwa mu haw ahorow a efi mfe a obi adi mu ba yi?

Aniwa ho animdefo de nhwehwɛmu ahorow di dwuma de hwehwɛ aniwa mu haw ahorow na wɔsa. Aniwa mu nhwehwɛmu a edi mũ no afã biako a ɛho hia sen biara ne aniwa no tokuru tuntum no mu nhwehwɛmu (`Ophthalmoscopy anaa Fundoscopy`). Wɔsan frɛ eyi `ani a ɛtrɛw`.

Eyi ne nea ɛba:

1. Oduruyɛfo no de nsu a ɛtɔ gu w’ani so.

2. Afei ɛsɛ sɛ wotwɛn bɛyɛ simma 15 kosi 20 kosi sɛ w’aniwa no bɛtrɛw koraa.

3. Afei oduruyɛfo no de kanea soronko bi bedi dwuma de ahwɛ w’ani no mu, titiriw w’aniwa no. Eyi bɛboa ma wɔahwɛ sɛ aniwa mu yare anaa ɔhaw foforo biara wɔ hɔ anaa.

Sɛ aniwa no yɛ kɛse bere a wɔanom aduru yi awie a, aniwa no betumi ayɛ hann kakra nnɔnhwerew kakraa bi, na ɛkyerɛ sɛ ebia ɛbɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛhwɛ owia hann anaa akanea a ɛhyerɛn. Ɛno nti na nnuruyɛfo kamfo kyerɛ sɛ wɔnhyɛ ahwehwɛ a wɔde hwɛ owia no. Ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛka kar wɔ saa bere yi mu, enti ɛbɛyɛ papa sɛ wobɛma obi de wo akɔ.

Dɛn ne ayaresa ahorow a wɔde sa eyi?

Wogyina aniwa ne anisoadehu ho haw a worehyia no so na ɛkyerɛ ayaresa.

Ɛtɔ da bi a, sɛ w’ani ntumi nhu ade yiye a, ebia ebehia sɛ wode akanea a ɛhyerɛn di dwuma de yɛ ofie nnwuma, akenkan, anaaSɛ wode afiri a ɛma nneɛma yɛ kɛse bedi dwuma a, ebetumi aboa. Ebia wo duruyɛfo nso bɛkamfo akyerɛ wo sɛ wɔnyɛ w’ani mu nhwehwɛmu daa na ama woahwɛ wo tebea no.

Aniwa ahwehwɛ, nkitahodi, mfiri afoforo a ɛma wohu ade yiye , anaa oprehyɛn a wɔde teɛteɛ w’ani betumi aboa wo ma woahu ade yiye. Eyi betumi ama w’asetra atu mpɔn na woanya ahofadi.

Wobetumi de aniwa mu nsu a wɔde gu nipadua mu ne nusu a wɔde nsa ayɛ so atew sɛnkyerɛnne nketenkete bi so .

Aniwa mu haw ahorow a emu yɛ den a wɔde sa yare

Sɛ wopɛ aniwa mu yare a emu yɛ den kɛse a ɛfa mfe a obi adi ho a, ebia w’ani ho ɔbenfo bɛkamfo nneɛma te sɛ:

• Nnuru a wɔde boa a wontumi nhu ade yiye anaasɛ ayaresa a wɔde ma obi siesie.
• Nnuru (a wɔde ano anaa wɔde twitwiw nipadua mu).
• Aduannuru a wɔde ma: Sɛ nhwɛso no, aduannuru titiriw bi a wɔfrɛ no AREDS2 boa ma nnipa a wɔwɔ Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) no nhu ade yiye.
• Aniwa oprehyɛn: Wobetumi ayɛ oprehyɛn ama tebea horow te sɛ Glaucoma, Cataracts, anaa Retinal Detachment.

Sɛ mewɔ aniwa ho haw bi a efi mfe a madi mu a, dɛn na ɛba?

Mpɛn pii no, w’ani duruyɛfo betumi aboa wo ma woakora w’ani so anaasɛ ama woatu mpɔn. Nanso, tebea horow bi te sɛ atiridiinini ntumi nsan ɔsɛe a ɛde ba no. Enti wo ne wo duruyɛfo nka akwan horow a wobɛfa so adi wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow ho dwuma na woayɛ nsakrae ma ɛne w’ani a ɛyɛ mmerɛw no ahyia. Wobetumi de wo akɔ nneɛma ne mmoa a wuhia so.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wobetumi asiw aniwa mu haw ahorow a efi mfe a obi adi no ano?

Ade a ɛho hia sen biara a ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ de siw aniwa mu haw ano na woabɔ w'ani ne w'aniwa ho ban ne sɛ wobɛyɛ w'ani mu nhwehwɛmu a edi mũ bere ne bere mu . Eyi ho hia titiriw sɛ wowɔ ayaresa tebea afoforo te sɛ asikreyare a. Sɛ woanhu nsakrae kɛse bi wɔ w’ani so anaasɛ wunni sɛnkyerɛnne biara mpo a, kɔ aniwa ho oduruyɛfo nkyɛn daa.

American Academy of Ophthalmology kamfo kyerɛ sɛ anyɛ yiye koraa no, ma aniwa ho ɔbenfo bi nhwehwɛ w’ani mu pɛnkoro afe biara bere a woadi mfe 50. Bisa wo duruyɛfo mpɛn dodow a ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ w’ani mu nhwehwɛmu.

Mɛyɛ dɛn ahwɛ m’ani ne m’ani so?

Nneɛma bi wɔ hɔ a wubetumi ayɛ de abɔ w’ani ho ban na amma w’ani anhu ade yiye:

• Di nnuan a ahoɔden wom: Sɛ wudi nnuaba ne nhabannuru pii da biara da a, ɛbɛma w’ani ne w’ani so anya aduannuru a ehia. Mpataa (te sɛ salmon, mackerel, ne herring) ne nnuaba (te sɛ almond ne walnuts) a `Omega-3` ne `Omega-6` srade acid pii wom a wodi no ye ma aniwa akwahosan yiye.
• Hu w’abusua abakɔsɛm a ɛfa aniwa mu nyarewa ho: Aniwa mu nyarewa bi tumi tu mmirika wɔ mmusua mu, enti sɛ obi a ɔwɔ w’abusua mu anya aniwa mu haw a, ɛho hia sɛ woka ho asɛm kyerɛ wo duruyɛfo.
• Di asikreyare ne mogya mmoroso so: Sɛ wɔanhyɛ nyarewa yi so a, ebetumi de aniwa mu haw aba.
• Hyɛ awia ahwehwɛ ne kyɛw a ano trɛw: Bɔ w’ani ho ban fi ultraviolet (UV) mframa a epira ho. Saa mframa yi ma asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ obi benya aniwa mu nyarewa no yɛ kɛse.
• Gyae sigaretnom: Sigaretnom ma asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya aniwa mu haw te sɛ aniwa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw ne AMD no yɛ kɛse. Sigaretnom a wubegyae no betumi aboa ma asiane yi so atew. Bisa wo duruyɛfo no mmoa wɔ eyi ho.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mehwehwɛ ayaresa a egye ntɛmpɛ?

Sɛ wuhu saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi bi mpofirim a, kɔ aniwa ho oduruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm ara, anaa kɔ ayaresabea dwumadibea a wɔhwɛ ntɛmpɛ so:

• Anisoadehu a ɛyɛ kusuu mpofirim.
• Wofi ase hu wɔ abien mu (`Double vision`).
• Aniwa a wɔapirapira.
• Aniwa mu yaw a emu yɛ den.
• Foforo a woafi ase ahu floaters anaa hann a ɛhyerɛn wɔ w’ani so.
• Aniwa a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ anaa aniwa a ɛho ahonhon.
• Anisoadehu a ɛyera mpofirim.

Nea etwa to no, nneɛma a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛkae

Ɛyɛ ade a ɛfata sɛ w’anisoadehu bɛsakra bere a worenyin no. Ebia ɛbɛyɛ den ama wo sɛ wobɛka kar anadwo, anaasɛ ebegye bere tenten ansa na wode w’adwene asi nneɛma a ɛbɛn wo so. Nanso, sɛ woyɛ aniwa mu nhwehwɛmu daa fi aniwa ho ɔbenfo nkyɛn a, ebetumi aboa ma w’aniwa ne w’ani akwahosan akɔ so ayɛ yiye. Eyi ho hia titiriw sɛ obi a ɔwɔ w’abusua mu anya aniwa mu nyarewa a. Sɛ wohu aniwa mu haw ahorow a efi mfe a obi adi mu ntɛm a, wobetumi adi ho dwuma yiye. Afei wubetumi ahu wiase fɛfɛ yi pefee bere tenten. Mma wo ho nnpopo, ma w’ani nna hɔ, na tu anammɔn a ɛfata.

Aniwa mu haw ahorow a ɛfa mfe a obi adi ho, aniwa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw, atiridiinini, aniwa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw, presbyopia, aniwa akwahosan, aniwa a ɛyera