So woate ntontom bi a owiawia ne ho kɔ wo nipadua mu ho asɛm pɛn? Momma yensua Cryptococcosis ho ade!

So woate yare bi a wɔfrɛ no Cryptococcosis ho asɛm pɛn? Ebia edin no bɛyɛ te sɛ nea ɛyɛ nwonwa kakra, na ɛyɛ hu kakra mpo. Nanso mma ɛnhaw wo. Ɛyɛ ɔyare mmoawa a ntontom de ba. Yɛn nyinaa de yɛn ho ahyɛ nneɛma pii a atwa yɛn ho ahyia mu, na saa ara na saa fungi yi nso te. Enti, ɛnnɛ yɛrebɛka saa tebea yi a wɔfrɛ no Cryptococcosis ho asɛm wɔ ɔkwan a ɛyɛ mmerɛw so a wubetumi ate ase.

Dɛn ankasa ne Cryptococcosis?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, cryptococcosis yɛ bere a ntontom bi a wɔfrɛ no Cryptococcus hyɛn wo nipadua mu na ɛde ɔyare mmoawa ba, titiriw wɔ w’amemene anaa w’ahurututu mu. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a ebetumi atrɛw akɔ nipadua no afã afoforo, a yɛfrɛ no disseminated cryptococcosis .

Fa no sɛ, sɛ Cryptococcus fungus yi ka w’amemene mu a, wɔfrɛ tebea no cryptococcal meningitis . Afei wubetumi anya nneɛma te sɛ atiridiinini, tiyɛ a emu yɛ den, ne kɔn mu yaw. Afei nso, sɛ ɛka w’ahurututu a, wɔfrɛ no cryptococcal pneumonia anaa ahurututu mu cryptococcosis . Afei wubetumi anya sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow te sɛ ɔfe ne ɔhome a ɛyɛ den.

Cryptococcus fungi ahorow nso wɔ hɔ.

• Cryptococcus neoformans: Saa ɔkwan yi taa ka nnipa a wɔn nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no ayɛ mmerɛw. Ɛne sɛ, wɔn a wɔn nipadua tumi ko tia nyarewa no sua no na ɛka wɔn kɛse.
• Cryptococcus gattii: Nanso saa su yi betumi ama woayare sɛ wo nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa no mu yɛ den mpo a.

Dɛn ne eyi ho sɛnkyerɛnne? Ɔkwan bɛn so na yebetumi ahu?

Cryptococcosis ho sɛnkyerɛnne gyina baabi a ntontom no nya wɔ wo nipadua mu no so. Sɛ ɛka ahurututu no a, wubetumi anya sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛte sɛ ahurututu mu yare, na sɛ ɛka ntini a ɛwɔ mfinimfini (amemene ne akyi berɛmo) a, wubetumi anya sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛte sɛ meningitis. Wɔ cryptococcosis a ɛtrɛw mu no, sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow betumi ada adi wɔ nipadua no afã horow.

Nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛkyerɛ sɛ obi anya ahurututu mu yare (Cryptococcal pneumonia):

• Ɛwa
• Ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛhome, wote nka sɛ wo ho atɔ wo
• Koko mu yaw
• Huraeɛ

Nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛkyerɛ sɛ obi anya ntini mu yare (Cryptococcal Meningitis):

• Huraeɛ
• Tiyɛ a emu yɛ den
• Kɔn mu yaw anaasɛ ɛyɛ den (araa ma wuntumi mfa wo hwene nhyɛ wo moma so) .
• Abofono
• Ɔfe a wɔfe
• Hann ho nkate (ɛyɛ den sɛ wubehu wɔ hann a ɛhyerɛn mu) .

Nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛkyerɛ sɛ obi anya cryptococcosis a ɛtrɛw no bi ne:

Sɛ woatrɛw cryptococcosis a, ebia wubehu nsakrae a ɛba wo honam ani de aka sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛfa ahurututu anaa ntini a ɛwɔ mfinimfini no ho. Nhwɛsoɔ:

• Nneɛma a ɛyɛ den anaa ɛyɛ den (plaques) .
• Nsu a ɛyɛ mmerɛw
• Akuru a ɛyɛ akuru
• Bumps a ɛyɛ mmerɛw
• Nsu a ɛyɛ mmerɛw

Dɛn nti na Cryptococcosis ba?

Nea ɛde yare yi ba titiriw ne fungi ahorow abien , Cryptococcus gattii (C. gattii) ne Cryptococcus neoformans (C. neoformans) . Saa nwansena yi te nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia mu - titire wɔ asase, nnua nwoma, ne nnomaa nsuo mu, titire mmorɔnoma nsuo mu.

Susuw ho hwɛ, sɛ ɛtɔ mmere bi a yɛyɛ adwuma wɔ mmeae a mfutuma wɔ, bɛn adan dedaw, anaa turo mu a, saa fungal spores yi tumi hyɛn yɛn nipadua mu.

Saa fungi yi, `C. gattii` ne `C. neoformans`, wɔ wiase mmeae ahorow. `C. gattii` abu so titiriw wɔ Australia, British Columbia, Canada, Pacific Atifi fam Atɔe wɔ United States, ne Asia Kesee Fam Apuei.

Wobɛyɛ dɛn anya eyi?

Cryptococcosis fi sɛ wɔhome mmoawa a ɛwɔ mframa mu a ɛwɔ fungus Cryptococcus mu. Eyinom yɛ nea aniwa ntumi nhu, na sɛ wote baabi a saa ntontom yi abu so a, ebetumi ayɛ den sɛ wobɛkwati.

Nea ɛho hia ne sɛ nnipa dodow no ara a wɔhome saa ntontom yi nnya yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne biara. Nanso nnipa binom fam no, ntontom no fi ase nyin wɔ wɔn ahurututu mu, anaasɛ ɛfa nipadua no mu kɔ amemene no mu na ɛma wɔyare. Ɛtɔ da bi a, fungus no tumi tra w’ahurututu mu bere tenten, nanso ɛnyin na ɛde sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow ba bere a wo nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa no ayɛ mmerɛw esiane biribi nti (sɛ nhwɛso no, esiane yare foforo anaa nnuru a worenom nti).

So eyi yɛ ɔyare mmoawa fi onipa biako so kɔ foforo so?

Dabi, Cryptococcosis nyɛ yare a wotumi de fi onipa biako mu kɔ foforo mu. Worentumi nnye amfi obi a ɔwɔ ɔyare no hɔ.

Hena na ɔwɔ asiane kɛse mu sɛ obenya eyi?

Sɛnea yɛadi kan aka ho asɛm no, C. neoformans ko a ɛtaa de nyarewa ba nnipa a wɔn nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no ayɛ basaa no so. Nea ɛka eyi ho ne:

• Nnipa a wɔwɔ HIV/AIDS .
• Nnipa a wɔwɔ kokoram ahorow bi, sɛ nhwɛso no, lymphomas ne leukemias .
• Nnipa a wɔayɛ wɔn stem cell, akwaa, anaa nnompe mu ntini foforo.
• Corticosteroids dodow a ɛkɔ soro bere tentenNnipa a wɔwɔ tebea horow a ɛhwehwɛ sɛ wɔnom nnuru (e.g., ahurututu mu nyarewa bi a enni sabea, autoimmune disorders).

Nanso, ɔkwan a wɔfa so yɛ ade a wɔfrɛ no `C. gattii` tumi de nyarewa ba nnipa a wɔn nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa a ɛte apɔw ne wɔn a wɔn nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no ayɛ mmerɛw nso.

Nsɛnnennen bɛn na eyi betumi de aba?

Cryptococcosis, titiriw sɛ wowɔ ɔyare mmoawa bi wɔ w’amemene mu a, ebetumi de nsɛnnennen a emu yɛ den aba . Eyinom bi ne:

• Nhyɛso a ɛkɔ soro wɔ amemene no mu: Eyi fi nsu dodow a atwa amemene no ho ahyia a ɛkɔ soro, na ɛde nhyɛso a ɛboro so ba amemene no so. Sɛ wɔansa no yiye a, ebetumi asɛe amemene.
• Anisoadehu a ɛyera fã bi anaa koraa.
• Aniwa mu nyarewa anaa tebea horow a ɛma obi ho hyehye no.
• Ntini a ɛhwɛ aniwa so no mmerɛwyɛ ( extraocular muscle paresis ).
• Ɛsan ba bio: Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, cryptococcosis ho sɛnkyerɛnne betumi asan aba bio bere a wɔasa no yare awie no.
• Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS): IRIS yɛ tebea a ɛma wo nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no yɛ adwuma boro so bere a wɔasa wo yare awie no, na ɛma yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne no yɛ kɛse. Ɛtaa ba nnipa a wɔwɔ HIV mu, nanso ebetumi aba nnipa a wonni HIV nso so.

Wobɛyɛ dɛn ahu yare yi pɛpɛɛpɛ?

Nnuruyɛfo hu cryptococcosis denam wo ntini anaa wo nipadua mu nsu a wɔhwehwɛ mu hwɛ sɛ ebia Cryptococcus fungus no ho sɛnkyerɛnne bi wɔ hɔ anaa. Ebia wɔbɛyɛ sɔhwɛ ahorow a edidi so yi:

• Wo mogya.
• Amemene mu nsu (CSF ). Wonya eyi denam nsu a wogye fi akyi berɛmo no mu (lumbar puncture) so.
• Sputum (nsuo a ɛfiri ahurututu mu ba bere a ɔfe).

Wɔ nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi akyi no, wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow, w’ayaresa ho abakɔsɛm, akwantu ho abakɔsɛm, ne mfoninitwa nhwehwɛmu ahorow nso betumi aboa ma woahu yare no. Ɛdenam wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow so no, ebia wubehia nso sɛ wɔyɛ wo koko X-ray , CT scan (computed tomography scans) , anaa MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) na ama woahu nsakrae a aba w’ahurututu anaa w’amemene mu.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔsa eyi?

Nnuruyɛfo de nnuru a ekum fungal di dwuma de sa cryptococcosis.. Ayaresa pɔtee a wubenya no begyina baabi a Cryptococcus fungus no wɔ wɔ wo nipadua mu ne wo nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa no akwahosan so. Sɛ nhwɛso no, ebia obi a ɔwɔ ahurututu mu cryptococcosis a emu nyɛ den behia aduru biako pɛ a ekum fungal. Nanso, ebia nnipa a wɔwɔ yare a emu yɛ den kɛse anaasɛ cryptococcal meningitis no behia ayaresa a emu yɛ den kɛse, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wɔbɛnom nnuru pii a ekum fungal bere tenten.

Nnuru pɔtee ne ayaresa a wɔde sa Cryptococcosis:

• Fluconazole a wɔde ma
• Amphotericin B (AmB) a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu.
• Flucytosine a wɔde yɛ aduru
• Corticosteroids (wɔde eyinom ma de siw tebea horow te sɛ amemene mu ahonhon ano) .
• Oprehyɛn a wɔyɛ de yi fungal tumors akɛse (cryptococcomas) fi hɔ.
• Ayaresa a wɔde tow akyi berɛmo anaa shunts (nsukorabea soronko) na ama nhyɛso a ɛba amemene no so no so atew.

Sɛ wunya saa yare yi a, dɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ wohwɛ kwan?

Ɛdenam baabi a woanya ɔyare no ne sɛnea woyare so no, ebia ɛho behia sɛ wo duruyɛfo de nnuru a ekum fungal sa wo yare adapɛn anaa asram pii na ama woayi cryptococcosis afi hɔ. Sɛ wowɔ HIV a, ebia ɛho behia nso sɛ wo duruyɛfo sesa nnuru a wɔde kum ɔyare mmoawa no . Sɛ wowɔ tebea foforo a ɛma wo nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no yɛ mmerɛw a, saa tebea a ɛhyɛ ase no a wobɛsa no betumi aboa wo ma woako atia cryptococcosis.

So wobetumi asa eyi koraa?

Mpɛn pii no, wobetumi de nnuru a ekum fungal asa nnipa a nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa no yare. Nanso, ebia ɛbɛyɛ den ama nnipa a wɔn nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no ayɛ mmerɛw sɛ wɔbɛsa wɔn yare. Ɛtɔ da bi a, wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no betumi asan aba bere a wɔasa wo yare no akyi.

Asiane bɛn na ɛde owu fi eyi mu ba?

Wobu akontaa sɛ nnipa dodow a wowuwu wɔ cryptococcosis ayarefo a wɔsa wɔn yare wɔ Amerika Atifi fam (a United States ne Canada ka ho) no bɛyɛ 20% . Nanso, wɔ Afrika mmeae bi no, dodow yi betumi akɔ soro akodu 70% . Ɛgyina baabi a wote wɔ wiase no so no, akwahosan ho dwumadie a wo nsa ka no nya nkɛntɛnsoɔ kɛseɛ. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ nnipa a wɔwɔ wiase mmeae a wɔn sikasɛm tebea nye no wɔ asiane kɛse mu sɛ nyarewa pii bewuwu. Eyi yɛ tebea a ɛyɛ awerɛhow.

Mɛyɛ dɛn atumi abɔ me ho ban afi eyi ho? So ebetumi aba?

Sɛ wote beae a Cryptococcus abu so a, ebetumi ayɛ den sɛ wobɛkwati sɛ wobɛhome Nanso, sɛ asiane kɛse wom sɛ wobɛyare Cryptococcus a, ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛkamfo nea edidi so yi akyerɛ wo:

• Nhwehwɛmu a wɔde asi wɔn ani so: Ansa na wobɛhyɛ HIV ayaresa ase no, oduruyɛfo betumi asɔ wo ahwɛ sɛ wowɔ Cryptococcus antigens (fungus no afã horow a wotumi hu) sɛ wunni cryptococcosis ho sɛnkyerɛnne mpo a. Sɛ wo nhwehwɛmu no mu aba no yɛ papa a, wobetumi asa wo yare wɔ cryptococcosis ho na amma worenyare esiane ntontom a ɛwɔ wo nipadua mu dedaw no nti.
• Nnuru a wɔde siw ano: Sɛ wowɔ asiane kɛse mu sɛ wubenya cryptococcosis a, ebia wo duruyɛfo de nnuru a ekum fungal bɛsa wo yare. Eyi bɛboa ma woasiw wo yare ano sɛ wo nya Cryptococcus a.

Mɛyɛ dɛn ahwɛ m’akwahosan so?

Ade a eye sen biara a wubetumi ayɛ ne sɛ wubenya ayaresa a ɛfata ama ayaresa tebea biara a ebia ɛrema wo nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no ayɛ mmerɛw. Kɔ so ne wo nnuruyɛfo nkɔhwɛ daa. Bisa wɔn sɛnea wobehu sɛnkyerɛnne a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wɔanya ɔyare mmoawa. Wo ne wɔn nkasa mfa akwan a wobɛfa so asiw ɔyare mmoawa ano ne nea ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ sɛ wususuw sɛ wowɔ ɔyare mmoawa bi a.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mekɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn?

Sɛ wowɔ tebea bi a ɛma wo nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no yɛ mmerɛw, te sɛ HIV a, bisa wo duruyɛfo ɔkwan a wobɛfa so asiw yare ano. Sɛ wo nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no ayɛ mmerɛw na wowɔ cryptococcosis anaa ɔyare foforo biara ho sɛnkyerɛnne a, kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm ara.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mekɔ Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) ?

Sɛ wowɔ yare a emu yɛ den ho sɛnkyerɛnne a, kɔ baabi a wɔhwɛ wɔn a wɔwɔ yare a egye ntɛmpɛ ntɛm ara. Ebia saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi bi ne:

• Atiridiinini a ano yɛ den (ɛboro digrii Fahrenheit 103/digrii Celsius 40).
• Ɔhome a ɛyɛ den.
• Nsakrae a ɛba wɔ anisoadehu mu.
• Koko mu yaw.
• Honam ani, anofafa, anaa nsateaa nnadewa a ɛsakra kɔla bruu.
• Kesereneeyɛ.
• Akisikuru a ɛma obi ho kyere no.

Nea ɛho hia: Sɛ wo nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no ayɛ mmerɛw a, bisa wo duruyɛfo no sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ baabi a wɔhwɛ wɔn a wɔwɔ ayaresa a egye ntɛmpɛ mu. Ebia wubehia ayaresa a egye ntɛmpɛ, sɛ mpo wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no mu nyɛ den sɛnea wɔabobɔ din wɔ ha no a.

Nsɛm bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mibisa me duruyɛfo?

Ebia ɛbɛyɛ nea mfaso wɔ so sɛ wubebisa wo duruyɛfo nsɛm yi:

• Ɔyare mmoawa yi mu yɛ den dɛn?
• Ɔkwan bɛn so na ɛsɛ sɛ menom m’aduru?
• Bere tenten ahe na ehia sɛ minya ayaresa?
• Dɛn na metumi ayɛ de asiw ɔyare mmoawa ano daakye?

Nkrasɛm a ɛho hia sen biara a ɛsɛ sɛ wode kɔ fie

Cryptococcosis yɛ fungal yare a ebetumi ayɛ aniberesɛm wɔ nnipa a wɔn nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no ayɛ mmerɛw no so. Nanso, sɛ wowɔ asiane kɛse mu a, ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛpɛ sɛ ɔsɔ wo hwɛ na ɔkyerɛw wo nnuru a wɔde siw ano. Na esiane sɛ wɔanya nkɔso wɔ ayaresa mu nti, mprempren nnipa a wɔwɔ HIV no asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wobenya nyarewa a emu yɛ den no sua koraa. Sɛ wo ne wo duruyɛfo yɛ adwuma a, wubetumi ayɛ nhyehyɛe bi a ɛbɛma woanya apɔwmuden sɛnea wubetumi. Enti, mma wo ho nnyɛ wo hu, na sɛ wowɔ biribi a ɛhaw wo a, mma wo werɛ mmfi sɛ wobɛhwehwɛ aduruyɛ mu afotu.

` Cryptococcosis, fungal yareɛ, amemene mu atiridii, ahurututu mu yareɛ, nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa, HIV, antifungals