So woasusuw pɛn sɛ sɛ yɛn nipadua yare anaa epira a, ɔko kɛse bi kɔ so wɔ yɛn mu de sa yare? Yɛwɔ yɛn ankasa asraafo a wɔn ho akokwaw yiye a wɔbɛko atia atamfo te sɛ mmoawa ne mmoawa a wofi yɛn nipadua akyi ba no. Yɛfrɛ eyi sɛ nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa. Enti ɛsɛ sɛ obi wɔ hɔ a ɔbɛhyɛ asraafo dɔm yi so, asesa nkrasɛm, na ɔde wɔn akɔ baabi a atamfo no wɔ pɛpɛɛpɛ. Saa kokoam abɔfo no ne cytokines a yɛreka ho asɛm nnɛ no.

Dɛn ankasa ne cytokines?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, cytokines yɛ protein nketenkete a ɛde nkrasɛm kɔma nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa no mu. Ɛte sɛ ‘WhatsApp kuw’ bi wɔ yɛn nipadua mu. Sɛ ahunahuna te sɛ ɔyare mmoawa anaa opira ba nipadua no mu a, nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa no gyae nkrasɛm a wɔfrɛ no cytokines yi. Saa nkrasɛm yi ka kyerɛ nkwammoaa afoforo a ɛko tia nyarewa sɛ, "Ɔhaw bi wɔ ha, bra ntɛm!", "Eyi ne ɔtamfo a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛko," ne "Yɛyɛ asraafo pii."

Fa no sɛ mmoawa bi rehyɛn wo nipadua mu. Saa bere no, nkwammoaa bi de saa cytokine nkrasɛm yi kɔma, na ɛka kyerɛ nkwammoaa afoforo sɛ wonsiesie wɔn ho mfa nko atia mmoawa no. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ sɛ ɛnyɛ abɔfo nketewa yi a, anka yɛn nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no rentumi nyɛ adwuma yiye. Saa cytokines yi boa ma yɛn nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no nya apɔwmuden, bere mpo a asiane biara nni hɔ no.

So saa cytokines yi ahorow atitiriw bi wɔ hɔ?

Yiw, sɛnea dibea ahorow wɔ asraafo mu no, saa ara na cytokines ahorow ahorow wɔ hɔ. Ɔkwan biara wɔ adwuma pɔtee bi. Momma yɛnhwɛ ahorow atitiriw no bi.

Bio nso, wɔto cytokines bi din sɛnea nkwammoaa ko a ɛyɛ no te:

• Lymphokines: Mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa bi a wɔfrɛ no lymphocytes na ɛyɛ.
• Monokines: Mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa bi a wɔfrɛ no monocytes na ɛyɛ.

Dwumadi titiriw a cytokines yɛ: ɛhyɛ ɔfe so

Sɛ nnipa dodow no ara te asɛmfua ‘ɔfe’ a, wosusuw sɛ ɛyɛ ade bɔne, yare ho sɛnkyerɛnne. Nanso ɔfe yɛ sɛnkyerɛnne a ɛho hia ankasa sɛ yɛn nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no reko atia atamfo anaasɛ ɛresiesie ntini a asɛe. Fa no sɛ, sɛ wotwa wo nsateaa a, ɛbɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ, ahonhon, na ayɛ hyew kakra, ɛnte saa? Ɛno ne nea ɔfe yɛ.

Cytokines titiriw kyerɛ nea edidi so yi:

• Nkwammoaa a wɔma ɛyɛ adwuma: Ɛka baabi a ɛsɛ sɛ wɔkɔ ne nea ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ kyerɛ nkwammoaa. Sɛ nhwɛso no, nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa a wɔde bɛkyerɛ baabi a ɔyare mmoawa bi wɔ no.
• Nkwammoaa mu nsonsonoe: Wɔka kyerɛ nkwammoaa a ennyinii sɛ "ɛbɛyɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa soronko bi a ebetumi ako atia yare yi."
• Nkwammoaa a ɛdɔɔso: Nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wɔyɛ nkwammoaa pii, anaa nkwammoaa pii. Sɛ nhwɛso no, wɔde saa sɛnkyerɛnne yi ma bere a mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa pii ho hia na ama wɔako atia ɔyare mmoawa kɛse bi no.

Cytokines a ɛboa ɔyare mmoawa ne nea ɛko tia ɔyare mmoawa

Eyi te sɛ accelerator ne breki a ɛwɔ kar mu. N’abien nyinaa ho hia na ama yɛatumi adi sɛnea yɛn nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no yɛ wɔn ade no so pɛpɛɛpɛ.

• Cytokines a ɛboa ɔyare mmoawa: Eyinom ne nneɛma a ɛma ɔyare no yɛ ntɛmntɛm . Sɛ ɔyare mmoawa bi ba a, ɛma ɔfe na ɛma nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no yɛ adwuma ntɛmntɛm. Eyinom na wɔde sɛnkyerɛnne ma sɛ wobefi ɔko no ase.
• Cytokines a ɛko tia ɔyare mmoawa: Eyinom ne breki . Bere a wɔadi ɔtamfo no so nkonim akyi no, wogyae ɔsɛe foforo a ɛba yɛn ankasa ntini a ɛte apɔw so no denam ɔfe a wɔtew so na wɔma biribiara san ba sɛnea na ɛte kan no so.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na saa nkrasɛm a wɔde sesa yi kɔ so?

Eyi yɛ adeyɛ a ɛyɛ anigye yiye. Momma yɛmfa ntoto safe ne safe tokuru ho.

Cytokine te sɛ safe . Wɔ nkwammoaa a ɛsɛ sɛ egye nkrasɛm no ani no, safe tokuru (receptor) bi wɔ hɔ a ɛfata saa safe no. Sɛ cytokine (safe no) kɔ na ɛne receptor (safe no) a ɛwɔ saa nkwammoaa no so no di nkitaho a, saa nkwammoaa no nsa ka nkrasɛm no. Afei saa nkwammoaa no yɛ adwuma sɛnea saa nkrasɛm no kyerɛ.

Akwan abiɛsa na ɛwɔ hɔ a wobɛfa so de saa nkrasɛm yi amena:

1. Autocrine signaling: Nkwammoaa bi de nkrasɛm kɔma ne ho.

2. Paracrine signaling: Nkwammoaa bi de nkrasɛm kɔma nkwammoaa a ɛbɛn hɔ.

3. Endocrine signaling: Nkwammoaa bi de nkrasɛm fa mogya no mu kɔ nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ akyirikyiri fi ne nkyɛn no nkyɛn.

Nkwammoaa bɛn na ɛma cytokines pii?

Mpɛn pii no, nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa mu na ɛyɛ cytokines. Nanso, ɛnyɛ wɔn nkutoo ne nkwammoaa. Nkwammoaa ahorow afoforo a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu nso tumi yɛ wɔn.

Nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa

• Macrophages a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu
• Dendritic nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu
• Nkwammoaa a ɛma mogya tu
• Monocytes a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu
• Nnuru a wɔfrɛ no neurophils
• Basophils a wɔfrɛ no basophils
• Eosinophils a wɔde yɛ nnuru
• Nkwammoaa a wɔfrɛ no mast cells

Nkwammoaa afoforo

• Endothelial cells (nkwaboaa a ɛkata mogya ntini mu) .
• Epithelial cells yɛ nkwammoaa a ɛkata yɛn akwaa no ani.
• Nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ ntini a ɛka bom mu (Fibroblasts, Stromal cells) .
• Nkwammoaa a atwa ntini ahorow ho ahyia (Schwann nkwammoaa) .

Sɛ cytokine kari pɛ no yera a, dɛn na ɛba?

Ɛwom sɛ cytokines ho hia ma yɛn akwahosan, te sɛ biribi foforo biara de, nanso ɛdɔɔso dodo no nyɛ papa. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, esiane ɔyare mmoawa bi anaa ayaresa ahorow bi nti, nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no kanyan dodo na efi ase yɛ cytokines dodow a ɛboro so a wontumi nni so.

Yɛfrɛ tebea yi Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS) anaa cytokine ahum . Ɛte sɛ nea yɛn ankasa nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa no yɛ basaa, na ɛnyɛ yɛn atamfo nko na ɛtow hyɛ wɔn so na mmom yɛn ankasa nkwammoaa a wɔwɔ apɔwmuden nso. Eyi betumi ama obi ho ayɛ hyew dodo, ntini ahorow asɛe, na wanya nyarewa ahorow.

Nyarewa a ebetumi afi cytokines a ɛboro so mu aba:

• Nyarewa a nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa: Wɔ eyi mu no, nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no di mfomso tow hyɛ n’ankasa nkwammoaa a ɛte apɔw so.
• Nkwammoaa mu yare: Ɔhaw ahorow a ɛwɔ ɔkwan a wɔfa so dan aduan ma ɛbɛyɛ ahoɔden no mu.
• Kokoram.
• Sepsis: Eyi yɛ tebea a emu yɛ den yiye. Ɔfe a emu yɛ den a ɛba nipadua no mu no ma mogya a ɛkɔ akwaa atitiriw mu no so tew. Eyi yɛ aduruyɛ mu asɛm a egye ntɛmpɛ na sɛ wɔansa a, ebetumi akum obi.

Sɛ w’adwene mu yɛ wo naa wɔ tebea yi ho a, ɛho hia yiye sɛ wobɛkɔ wo duruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm ara akɔhwehwɛ afotu .

Cytokine panel sɔhwɛ

Nnuruyɛfo betumi ahu sɛ wo nipadua mu cytokines dɔɔso dodo anaasɛ kakraa bi. Wɔfrɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu no sɛ cytokine panel . Ɛsusuw cytokines dodow a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu a ɛka ɔfe ho. Wo duruyɛfo betumi agyina nea ebefi mu aba so akyerɛw ayaresa ahorow a ɛbɛma woatumi asiw ɔfe ano sɛ wowɔ pii dodo a.