So ɔhaw bi wɔ wo ntini a ɛbɔ wo ho ban no ho? Momma yensua Demyelinating Disease ho ade!

Yɛn ntini ahorow no te sɛ nhama nhyehyɛe a ɛyɛ den. Ɛnam saa nhama yi so na nkrasɛm fi yɛn amemene mu kɔ nipadua no afã horow nyinaa. Enti saa ‘nhama’ yi, kyerɛ sɛ, ntini mu nkwammoaa `(Neurons), wɔ ‘akataso’ kakra de bɔ ho ban. Yɛfrɛ eyi `(Myelin) . Eyi te sɛ plastic a wɔde ahyɛ anyinam ahoɔden hama atifi no. Saa `(Myelin)` aduru yi ne nea ɛbɔ ntini mu nkwammoaa ho ban na ɛma anyinam ahoɔden nkrasɛm no fa mu ntɛmntɛm. Fa no sɛ, sɛ biribi sɛe wɔ saa `(Myelin)` aduru yi mu a, nkrasɛm a ɛfa yɛn ntini mu no sɛe, te sɛ waya a plastic akataso a abubu. Ɛno ne nea yɛfrɛ no `(Demyelinating Disease)` .

Dɛn ne Demyelinating Yare?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, yare a ɛma myelin no yɛ tebea a ɛsɛe myelin a ɛwɔ w’amemene, w’akyi berɛmo, ne ntini mu . Sɛnea madi kan aka no, myelin ne ade a ɛbɔ yɛn ho ban a atwa ntini ahorow a ɛwɔ yɛn ntini a ɛwɔ yɛn mfinimfini ne yɛn ntini a ɛwɔ akyi no ho ahyia. Saa myelin aduru yi hyɛ ntini mu nkwammoaa no den, ɛbɔ ho ban, na ɛbɔ ho ban. Ɛnyɛ ɛno nko, na mmom ɛboa ma anyinam ahoɔden a ɛma anyinam ahoɔden no tu kwan wɔ nkwammoaa ntam nso.

Enti, sɛ wowɔ yare bi a ɛma mogya tu a, eyi ne nea ɛba: wo nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no di mfomso tow hyɛ myelin aduru yi so, anaa nkwammoaa a ɛyɛ myelin no so. Fa no sɛ yɛn nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa a ɛte sɛ yɛn nipadua no ahobammɔ nhyehyɛe, a ɛtow hyɛ n’ankasa nkurɔfo so. Eyi sesa ɔkwan a ntini no ne wɔn ho wɔn ho di nkitaho, ɔkwan a wɔfa so yɛ adwuma, na sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow fi ase da adi.

Dɛn ne nyarewa ahorow a ɛma nipadua no yɛ mmerɛw?

Saa nyarewa a ɛma mogya tu yi betumi aba ahorow. Wobetumi akyekyɛ mu sɛ nea ɛka yɛn ntini a ɛwɔ yɛn mfinimfini (kyerɛ sɛ, amemene ne akyi berɛmo) titiriw ne nea ɛka ntini a ɛwɔ akyi (kyerɛ sɛ, ntini afoforo a efi amemene ne akyi berɛmo mu) no.

Nyarewa a ɛtaa nya demyelinating a ɛka ntini a ɛwɔ mfinimfini no:

• Multiple Sclerosis (MS) : Eyi ne nyarewa yi mu nea abu so na wonim no yiye.
• Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD) a ɛma obi nya akisikuru (NMOSD) .
• Transverse Myelitis (TM) a Ɛyɛ Fɛ .
• Amemene mu yare a Ɛtrɛw (ADEM) .
• Leukoencephalopathy (PML) a Ɛkɔ Anim a Ɛma Nnya Nkɔanim a Ɛhwɛ Nneɛma So (PML) .
• Central Pontine Myelinolysis (a wɔsan frɛ no Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome) .

Nyarewa a ɛtaa nya demyelinating a ɛka ntini a ɛwɔ akyi no:

• Guillain-Barré Nyarewa (GBS) .
• Charcot-Marie-Nsõ Yare (CMT) .
• Ntini a Ɛma Ntini Mu Ntini a Ɛma Ntini Mu Ntini a Ɛma Nnipa Ho Yɛ Fɛ (CIDP) .

"Sɛ woka sɛ `Demyelinating Disease` a, so ɛkyerɛ `(MS)` bere nyinaa?"

Dabi, ɛnte saa. Tebea afoforo pii wɔ hɔ a ɛhyɛ Demyelinating Diseases kuw no mu. Nanso, wɔ aman te sɛ Amerika Atifi fam no, MS na abu so wɔ eyinom mu.

Nyarewa yi abu so dɛn?

Multiple Sclerosis yɛ nyarewa a ɛtaa nya demyelinating no mu biako. Nhwehwɛmu bi a wɔyɛe wɔ afe 2019 mu daa no adi sɛ ɛkame ayɛ sɛ nnipa ɔpepem biako na wɔwɔ United States nkutoo na wɔwɔ MS. Nnipa bi wɔ hɔ a wɔwɔ saa yare yi wɔ Sri Lanka nso, nanso ɛyɛ den sɛ wubenya ho akontaabu a edi mu.

Dɛn ne yare a ɛma obi nya demyelinating ho sɛnkyerɛnne?

Saa nyarewa yi ho sɛnkyerɛnne tumi gu ahorow kɛse, na ɛsono sɛnea yare no te nso. Yare a ɛma nipadua no yɛ mmerɛw a ɛka ntini a ɛwɔ nipadua no mfinimfini no ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow bi a ɛtaa ba ni:

• Anisoadehu sesa: Anisoadehu a ɛyɛ kusuu, wontumi nhu kɔla ahorow (titiriw kɔkɔɔ ne ahabammono), ɛyaw a ɛba bere a woretutu aniwa no, anaasɛ nneɛma abien a wohu prɛko pɛ (anisoadehu mmɔho abien).
• Sɛ wote nka sɛ wo ho ayɛ wo yaw anaasɛ worehwere nkate wɔ nipadua no afã horow. Te sɛ nea obi ayɛ wo nsa anaa wo nan a ɛyɛ mmerɛw.
• Tebea a wɔfrɛ no ‘MS hug’: Ɛkyerɛ sɛ wobɛte nka te sɛ nea obi kura wo mu denneennen, atwa wo moma so anaa wo yafunu ho ahyia, anaasɛ ɔrepiapia wo.
• Ɔbrɛ: Ɔbrɛ a wɔte nka a ntease biara nnim, ɔbrɛ ara kwa.
• Nsu ne dwensɔtwaa mu haw ahorow: Ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛtow nsu, anaasɛ ɔpɛ a ɛba mpofirim sɛ wobɛtow nsu (a ɛkyerɛ sɛ, ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ ntɛmntɛm bere a ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ), akisikuru, ne nea ɛkeka ho.
• Sɛ wobɔ wo kɔn kɔ w’anim a, wote nka sɛ ɛyɛ wo yaw te sɛ anyinam ahoɔden a ɛretu fa w’akyi, wo nsa, ne wo nan ase.
• Ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛnantew. Nan mu yɛ tan, ɛte sɛ nea kari pɛ ayera.
• Ntini a ɛyɛ mmerɛw anaasɛ ɛyɛ den.

Ebia wubenya saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi mu biako pɛ, anaasɛ wubetumi anya pii bere koro mu. Afei nso, sɛnea saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi mu yɛ den no betumi asesa bere a bere kɔ so no.Ɛno kyerɛ sɛ, ɛtɔ mmere bi a, yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne no betumi asɛe kakra (ɛte nka sɛ emu yɛ den kɛse), na afei ano abrɛ ase kakra.

Dɛn ne nneɛma a ɛde Demyelinating Disease ba?

Nea ɛde nyarewa yi ba titiriw ne sɛe myelin ne nkwammoaa a ɛyɛ myelin no. Sɛnea madi kan aka no, saa ɔsɛe yi ba efisɛ yɛn ankasa nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no di mfomso tow hyɛ myelin a ɛwɔ apɔwmuden so. Mpɛn pii no, yɛn nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no bɔ nipadua no ho ban fi nneɛma a ɛde nyarewa ba te sɛ mmoawa ne mmoawa ho. Nanso ɛtɔ mmere bi a, sɛ yɛmfa akwankyerɛ a ɛfata mma a, saa nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa yi di mfomso hu yɛn ankasa myelin nkwammoaa sɛ epira nipadua no. Sɛ ɛba saa a, ɔfe ba saa mmeae no, na ɛde yare a ɛma demyelinating ho sɛnkyerɛnne ba.

Nneɛma afoforo pii betumi aboa ma demyelinating yare aba:

• Esiane ɔyare mmoawa anaa ɔyare mmoawa bi nti .
• Awosu mu su (kyerɛ sɛ, nsakrae bi a ɛba wo DNA mu a ɛma asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya yare a nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa no yɛ kɛse).
• Esiane aduruyɛ mu tebea afoforo te sɛ vitamin a enni nipadua mu nti .

Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, wontumi nhu nea ɛde nyarewa yi ba pɔtee . Wɔreyɛ nhwehwɛmu foforo wɔ eyi ho.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wohu Demyelinating Disease?

Sɛ wowɔ saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi a, ɛsɛ sɛ wudi kan kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn. Obetie wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne na wayɛ nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu. Ɔbɛfa aduruyɛ ho abakɔsɛm a edi mũ nso. Sɛ osusuw sɛ wowɔ yare bi a ɛma wo ho yɛ hyew a, wobetumi de wo akɔ ntini ho ɔyaresafo nkyɛn . Ntini mu yare ho ɔbenfo yɛ oduruyɛfo a wanya ntetee titiriw wɔ nyarewa a ɛwɔ ntini mu.

Ntini ho ɔyaresafo no bɛyɛ ntini mu nhwehwɛmu na sɛ ɛho hia a, ɔhyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu foforo. Sɔhwɛ biako biara nni hɔ a wɔde bɛkyerɛ sɛ obi anya demyelination. Wo duruyɛfo de nhwehwɛmu a edidi so yi mu biako anaa nea ɛboro saa bedi dwuma de ayi tebea afoforo a ɛwɔ sɛnkyerɛnne a ɛte saa ara afi hɔ na wahu sɛnea ɛte no pɛpɛɛpɛ:

• MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) scan: Eyi betumi ama amemene ne akyi berɛmo ho mfonini a ɛkɔ akyiri.
• Lumbar Puncture anaa Spinal Tap: Eyi hwehwɛ sɛ woyi amemene mu nsu kakraa bi fi akyi berɛmo no mu na wɔhwehwɛ mu.
• Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT): Eyi hwehwɛ aniwa ntini no mu.
• Electromyography (EMG) a Wɔde Yɛ Adwuma: .Eyi susuw anyinam ahoɔden dwumadi a ntini ne ntini ahorow yɛ.
• Mogya mu Nhwehwɛmu: Pow aduruyɛ mu tebea afoforo na hwɛ vitamin dodow bi.
• Evoked Potentials Test: Ɛsusuw ahoɔhare a anyinam ahoɔden nsɛnkyerɛnne fa ntini ahorow mu.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔde MRI hu Demyelinating Disease?

MRI yɛ sɔhwɛ a wɔde magnet ne radio asorɔkye yɛ w’amemene ne w’akyi berɛmo ho mfonini. Eyi ma wo duruyɛfo no hu nea ɛrekɔ so wɔ wo nipadua mu no yiye. Sɛ wowɔ yare bi a ɛma wo ho yɛ wo hyew a, MRI scan betumi akyerɛ mmeae a asɛe (a wɔfrɛ no akuru) wɔ w’amemene ne w’akyi berɛmo mu.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔsa Demyelinating Disease?

Ɛsono sɛnea wɔsa yare a ɛma demyelinating sa yare a egyina yare ko a wowɔ so . Wo duruyɛfo ne wo bɛyɛ adwuma de aboa ma woadi wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow ho dwuma na wɔ tebea horow bi mu no, wama yare no atrɛw brɛoo. Ebia ayaresa a wobetumi apaw bi ne:

• Nnuru: Nnuru a ɛtew yare no dwumadi so, ɛhyɛ yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne so, anaasɛ ɛsakra nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no dwumadi.
• Apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ ne Adwuma mu Ayaresa: Boa wɔ nneɛma te sɛ nantew a ɛyɛ den, ntini mu mmerɛwyɛ, na boa wo ma woyɛ da biara da nnwuma ntɛmntɛm.

Wo duruyɛfo begyina wo sɛnkyerɛnne ne wo tebea so akyerɛ ayaresa nhyehyɛe a eye sen biara. Ansa na wubefi ayaresa ase no, sua nea efi mu ba ne nea wobɛhwɛ kwan . Sɛ wunya sɛnkyerɛnne foforo anaasɛ wo mu yɛ den bere a woafi ayaresa ase a, ka kyerɛ wo duruyɛfo ntɛm ara. Dodow a wufi ayaresa ase ntɛm no, dodow no ara na nea ebefi mu aba no bɛyɛ papa.

Dɛn ne saa nyarewa yi ho adwene/nkɔmhyɛ?

Adwene no gu ahorow kɛse a egyina yare a ɛma demyelinating a ɛde wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow reba no so. Saa nyarewa yi betumi aka w’asetra mu nneɛma pii, a sɛnea wususuw nneɛma ho, wokeka wo ho, ne sɛnea wote nka ka ho. Sɛ nhwɛso no, ebia ɛbɛyɛ den ama wo sɛ wobɛnantew anaa wobɛyɛ da biara da nnwuma. Ebia nnipa binom behia mmoa afi abusua mufo hɔ na wɔatumi atra baabi a ahobammɔ wɔ.

Wɔ nnipa binom fam no, yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne no nyɛ den koraa na ennya nkɛntɛnso biara bere tenten . Wɔ afoforo fam no, yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne no mu yɛ den na enya da biara da asetra so nkɛntɛnso kɛse . Ɛsono obiara tebea. There is no cure for these conditions , nanso wo duruyɛfo betumi aboa wo ma woadi wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no ho dwuma wɔ w’asetra nyinaa mu.

So Demyelinating Disease Sesa Nkwa Nkwa Ho Akwanhwɛ?

Demyelinating Disease betumi aka wo nkwa nna, nanso nyarewa dodow no ara nka bere tenten a wobɛtra ase tẽẽ . Mpɛn pii no, nhwehwɛmu ahorow bi kyerɛ sɛ ebia obi a ɔwɔ yare a ɛma mogya tu no nkwa nna bɛyɛ tiaa kakra mfe kakraa bi asen obi a onni yare no. Nanso eyi gyina sɛnea wɔasɛe wo ntini mu nkwammoaa no so. Ɛsono nnipa biara. Wo duruyɛfo betumi agyina wo tebea pɔtee so abua asɛmmisa yi yiye.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mekɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn?

Sɛ wowɔ demyelinating yare ho sɛnkyerɛnne yi bi a, kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm ara:

• Anisoadehu sesa
• Nkate a ɛyɛ mmerɛw anaasɛ ɛyɛ mmerɛw
• Adwumaden
• Ɔhaw ahorow a ɛba wɔ nsu a wɔtow anaasɛ wɔtow gu ho
• Ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛnantew
• Ntini a ɛyɛ den anaasɛ ɛyɛ mmerɛw

Nsɛm bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mibisa me duruyɛfo?

Sɛ wuhu sɛ wowɔ yare bi a ɛma wo ho yɛ wo hyew a, ebia wubenya nsɛmmisa pii. Mma ntwentwɛn wo nan ase sɛ wubebisa wo duruyɛfo nsɛm te sɛ eyinom:

• Yare a ɛma demyelinating bɛn na mewɔ?
• So saa yare yi bɛkɔ so asɛe (i.e., so `ɛbɛkɔ so`)?
• Ayaresa bɛn na wokamfo kyerɛ?
• So ayaresa no mu nsunsuanso bɔne bi wɔ hɔ?
• Me nkɔmhyɛ no te dɛn?

Myelin yɛ wo nipadua no fã a ɛho hia yiye. Ɛbɔ wo ntini mu nkwammoaa ho ban na ɛma ɛyɛ adwuma yiye. Sɛ asɛe a, ebia wubehu sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow te sɛ ɛyaw, ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛkeka wo ho, na ɛyɛ den sɛ wubesusuw nneɛma ho yiye. Oduruyɛfo betumi ahu demyelinating tebea a ɛka wo no na wasa. Esiane sɛ wonni saa nyarewa yi ano aduru biara nti, ebehia sɛ wode w’aduruyɛfo kuw no mmoa di wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow ho dwuma wɔ w’asetra nyinaa mu. Bere nyinaa wo ne wo duruyɛfo nkasa mfa wo tebea no, ayaresa a wubetumi apaw, sɛnkyerɛnne foforo, anaa sɛ wote nka sɛ wo sɛnkyerɛnne no reyɛ kɛse a.

Ade a ɛho hia sen biara a ɛsɛ sɛ wuhu (Take-Home Message) .

Enti, Demyelinating Disease yɛ tebea a ɛba bere a myelin a ɛwɔ yɛn ntini mu no asɛe no. Ebia eyi bɛyɛ te sɛ nea ɛyɛ hu, nanso kae sɛ ɛnyɛ wo nkutoo. Nsɛnkyerɛnne no betumi ayɛ soronko wɔ onipa biara ho, na saa ara nso na nkɛntɛnso a yare no de ba no nso betumi ayɛ soronko. Nea ɛho hia paa ne sɛ, sɛ wowɔ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a wɔaka ho asɛm wɔ asɛm yi mu no bi a, mmu w’ani ngu so na kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm ara sɛnea wubetumi. Sɛ wuhu yare no ntɛm na wufi ase sa yare no yiye a, wubetumi adi wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne no so kɛse na woabɔ bra a ɛfata na woabɔ bra pa. Wo duruyɛfo ne w’abusua bɛyɛ mmoa kɛse wɔ akwantu yi mu.

` Demyelinating Yare, Myelin, Ntini, Ntini a Ɛyɛ Fɛ, MS, Nsɛnkyerɛnne, Ayaresa