Ɛtɔ da bi a wɔ asetena mu no, ɛsɛ sɛ yehyia nsɛmmisa a emu yɛ den yiye. Titiriw bere a ɛfa obi foforo a wɔde bɛka abusua no ho no. Asɛmmisa a ɛne sɛ "Hena ne abofra yi agya ankasa?" betumi asɔre esiane mmara, asetra, ne ankorankoro nneɛma pii nti. Enti wɔ bere a ɛte sɛɛ mu no, ɔkwan a edi mu sen biara a wobɛfa so anya ho mmuae a emu da hɔ a akyinnye biara nni ho, wɔ nyansahu mu no, ne DNA agyayɛ ho nhwehwɛmu. Ɛnnɛ yɛbɛka biribiara ho asɛm tiawa koraa.
Dɛn ne DNA nhwehwɛmu wɔ nsɛm a ɛnyɛ den mu?
Sɛ yɛbɛte eyi ase a, ɛsɛ sɛ yedi kan hu nea DNA yɛ. DNA din nyinaa ne `(Deoxyribonucleic acid)`. Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, DNA te sɛ akwankyerɛ nhoma a awosu mu nsɛm a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu nkwammoaa mu wom. Biribiara fi wo ti nhwi kɔla, w’ani kɔla, wo tenten, ne wo honam ani kɔla so no, nsɛm a ɛwɔ DNA yi mu na ɛkyerɛ.
Nea ɛho hia ne sɛ yenya saa DNA yi fi yɛn awofo a wɔwoo yɛn no hɔ. Sɛ yɛbɛka no pɛpɛɛpɛ a, yɛn DNA fã fi yɛn maame hɔ na fã a aka no fi yɛn papa hɔ .
Nea DNA agyayɛ ho nhwehwɛmu yɛ ni:
Wɔfa abofra no DNA nhyehyɛe na wɔde toto ɛna no DNA nhyehyɛe ne onipa a wosusuw sɛ ɔyɛ agya no DNA nhyehyɛe ho. Sɛ abofra no DNA fã a wɔannya amfi ɛna no hɔ no ne saa onipa no DNA hyia a, ɛnde ɛda adi kɛse sɛ ɔno ne abofra no agya a ɔwoo no.
Dɛn nti na ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ sɔhwɛ a ɛte saa?
Nneɛma pii nti a ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ DNA nhwehwɛmu. Nneɛma atitiriw a enti ɛte saa no bi ne:
- Wɔ mmara kwan so atirimpɔw ahorow nti: Adanse a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɔyɛ agya ho hia ma mmara mu nsɛm te sɛ agya no din a wɔde bɛka abofra awo ho adansedi krataa so, mmofra mmoa a wobenya, abofra sohwɛ a wobenya, agyapade a wobenya, ne asetra mu ahobammɔ ho mfaso ahorow bi a wobenya.
- Akwahosan nti: Wotumi de awosu mu nyarewa bi fi awo ntoatoaso so kɔ awo ntoatoaso so. Sɛ nhwɛso no, tebea horow te sɛ Cystic fibrosis ne Down syndrome. Sɛ wuhu onii ko a ɔyɛ abofra no agya ankasa a, ebetumi aboa ma wɔahu awosu mu yare biara a ebetumi afi agya no hɔ. Eyi ho hia paa ma abofra no daakye akwahosan.
- Sɛnea obehu abusua abakɔsɛm: Abofra wɔ hokwan sɛ ohu wɔn abusua abakɔsɛm ne nnipa ko a wɔn abusuafo yɛ. Ɛho hia paa ma abofra no adwene mu nkɔso ne ne nipasu.
DNA nhwehwɛmu ahorow bɛn na ɛwɔ hɔ?
Wobetumi ayɛ DNA nhwehwɛmu ansa na wɔawo akokoaa no (bere a ɔyem) ne bere a wɔawo akokoaa no akyi. Akwan titiriw a wɔfa so yɛ adwuma no bi ni.
| Sɔhwɛ no din | Bere a wɔde yɛ | Sɛnea wɔyɛ no ne nkyerɛkyerɛmu |
|---|---|---|
| Cheek Swab a Wɔde Yɛ Afono | Bere biara a wɔawo akokoaa no akyi | Eyi ne ɔkwan a ɛyɛ mmerɛw na wɔtaa de di dwuma sen biara. Wɔde swab di dwuma de fa nkwammoaa bi fi abofra no ne nea wosusuw sɛ ɔyɛ agya no hwene mu. Eyi nyɛ yaw. |
| NIPP sɔhwɛ (Noninvasive Prenatal Paternity Test) . | Wɔ nyinsɛn no adapɛn 8 akyi | Eyi yɛ ɔkwan a ahobammɔ wom yiye. DNA kakraa bi a efi akokoaa a ɔwɔ awotwaa mu no mu rehuruhuruw wɔ ɛna a onyinsɛn no mogya mu. Wɔ nhwehwɛmu yi mu no, wogye mogya fi ɛna no mu na wɔde akokoaa no DNA a ɛwɔ mu no toto onipa a wosusuw sɛ ɔyɛ agya no DNA ho. Eyi yɛ nokware 99.9% . |
| Amniocentesis a ɛma nipadua no yɛ adwuma | Wɔ nyinsɛn no adapɛn 15-20 ntam | Eyi yɛ sɔhwɛ a ɛyɛ hu. Wɔ sɔhwɛ yi mu no, oduruyɛfo bi de ade a ɛyɛ tratraa paa fa ɛna no yafunu mu kɔ awotwaa no mu na ɔfa awotwaa mu nsu a atwa akokoaa no ho ahyia no kakraa bi. Saa nsu yi na akokoaa no nkwammoaa wɔ. Asiane ketewaa bi pɛ na ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ nyinsɛn a wobetu a ɛbata sɔhwɛ yi ho. |
| Chorionic Villus Nhwɛsode (CVS) . | Wɔ nyinsɛn no adapɛn 10-13 ntam | Eyi nso yɛ nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ wɔ awotwaa mu, te sɛ amniocentesis. Wɔ sɔhwɛ yi mu no, wogye nkwammoaa kakraa bi fi awotwaa no fã bi mu. Eyi nso wɔ asiane ketewaa bi a ɛne sɛ nyinsɛn betumi atu anaasɛ obi anya ɔyare mmoawa . |
Adeɛ a ɛho hia paa ne sɛ wɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu te sɛ `Amniocentesis` ne `CVS` bere a ɛho hia koraa nkutoo, wɔ oduruyɛfo hwɛ ase. Efisɛ asiane nketenkete bi wɔ eyinom mu. NIPP sɔhwɛ no ne ɔkwan a ahobammɔ wom sen biara a wobetumi ayɛ bere a wɔyem.
Dɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ ansa na woayɛ sɔhwɛ no?
Mpɛn pii no, sɛ wɔreyɛ wo hwene aduru a, wɔhyɛ wo nkuran sɛ kwati nea edidi so yi bɛyɛ dɔnhwerew biako ansa na:
- Nse a wɔhohoro
- Anom aduru a wɔde di dwuma
- Sigaretnom anaa tawa a wɔwe
- Sɛ wohyɛ sẽ a wɔde yɛ sẽ a, yi fi hɔ.
Saa nneɛma yi betumi aka sɛnea nhwɛsode a wofa no te. Sɛ wɔregye wo mogya a, wo duruyɛfo bɛtu wo fo sɛ nom nsu pii na di aduan a ahoɔden wom.
Nokware anaa atoro a ɛfa DNA agyayɛ ho nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ wɔ fie ho
Mprempren nneɛma a wɔde yɛ DNA nhwehwɛmu wɔ Intanɛt so a wubetumi de akɔ fie. Mpɛn pii no, eyinom bo nyɛ den te sɛ nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ wɔ aduruyɛbea. Afei nso, ɛyɛ mmerɛw efisɛ nnipa dodow no ara tumi ankasa yɛ.
Nanso nneɛma kakraa bi wɔ hɔ a ɛsɛ sɛ wuhu fa eyi ho:
- Mmara kwan so nnye ntom: Wɔnnye nea efi fie sɔhwɛ mu ba no ntom sɛ adanse wɔ asɛnnibea anaa mmara mu nsɛm afoforo mu. Wɔ mmara kwan so asɛnnibea no, ɛho hia sɛ wɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu (`(Legal DNA Paternity Test)`), a ɛhwehwɛ sɛ wɔfa nnuruyɛbea a wogye tom so fa nhwɛsode, sɛnea ɔkwan a ɛfata so (`(nkɔnsɔnkɔnsɔn a wɔde hwɛ mmofra)`), ne adansefo anim.
- Pɛpɛɛpɛ: Ɛho hia sɛ wohwɛ sɛ adwumakuw a ɛde fie sɔhwɛ nneɛma no mena no yɛ adwumakuw a wɔagye atom anaa. Ɛtɔ da bi a, mfomsoɔ a ɛba wɔ nhwɛsoɔ a wɔboaboa ano mu no tumi nya nea ɛfiri mu ba no pɛpɛɛpɛyɛ so nkɛntɛnsoɔ. Sɛ wɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu ahorow a ahyehyɛde ahorow te sɛ Amerika Mogya Sikakorabea Fekuw (AABB) agye atom a, wotumi de ho to so kɛse.
Wote nea efi mu ba no ase dɛn?
Wɔtaa de nea efi DNA nhwehwɛmu mu ba no ma sɛ "agyayɛ a ebetumi aba".
- Sɛ nea efi mu ba no yɛ 0% a: Eyi kyerɛ sɛ awosu mu nsɛso biara nni agya a wɔkyerɛ sɛ ɔyɛ ne abofra no ntam. Ɛnyɛ ɔno ne abofra no agya a ɔwoo no.
- Sɛ nea efi mu ba no yɛ 99.9% anaa nea ɛboro saa a: Eyi kyerɛ sɛ ɛbɛyɛ yiye kɛse sɛ onipa a wosusuw sɛ ɔyɛ agya no ne abofra no agya ankasa.
Mpɛn pii no, nea efi mu ba no gye nna kakraa bi kosi adapɛn abien ansa na asan aba. Nanso, nea efi sɔhwɛ te sɛ `Amniocentesis` anaa `CVS` mu ba no betumi agye adapɛn pii ansa na asan aba.
So wuntumi nyɛ sɔhwɛ yi a Paapa nka ho?
Ɔkwan a eye sen biara na ɛyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ ne sɛ wobenya DNA nhwɛsode afi agya a wɔkyerɛ sɛ ɔyɛ no hɔ. Nanso, sɛ ɔntra ase anaasɛ wontumi nhu no a, wobetumi de n’abusuafo a wɔbɛn no paa no DNA ayɛ nhwehwɛmu. Sɛ nhwɛso no, wobetumi afa DNA a efi agya no awofo (abofra no nananom) ne ne nuanom hɔ na wɔde atoto abofra no DNA ho na ama wɔatumi de asɛm bi aba awiei.
Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie
- DNA agya nhwehwɛmu betumi asi abofra bi agya ankasa so dua a ɛboro 99.9% pɛpɛɛpɛ.
- Wobetumi ayɛ nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi ansa na wɔawo akokoaa no (bere a ɔyem) anaa bere a wɔawo akokoaa no akyi. NIPP sɔhwɛ no yɛ nea ahobammɔ wom kɛse sɛ wɔyɛ no bere a wɔyem a.
- Wɔ mmara mu nsɛm (asɛnnibea, nsiesie, agyapade) ho no, sɔhwɛ a aduruyɛbea a wogye tom yɛ ho hia koraa. Wɔnnye sɔhwɛ a wɔyɛ wɔ fie (`(At-home kits)`) ntom wɔ asɛnnibea.
- Esiane sɛ asiane nketenkete bi wɔ nhwehwɛmu te sɛ `amniocentesis` ne `CVS` mu nti, wo ne wo duruyɛfo nkasa bere nyinaa, te mfaso ne ɔhaw ahorow no ase, na paw ɔkwan a eye ma wo.
- Sɛ wowɔ nsɛmmisa, adwenem naayɛ, anaa biribiara a wobɛma emu ada hɔ wɔ eyi ho a, onipa a oye sen biara na wogye no di sen biara a wo ne wo bɛkasa ne wo duruyɛfo.
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