Momma yensua FISH sɔhwɛ (Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization) a ɛma wohu w’awosu mu ahintasɛm no ho ade!

So woate saa ‘FISH sɔhwɛ’ (Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization Test) yi ho asɛm pɛn? Ebia wo duruyɛfo aka wo anaa obi a wunim no sɛ ɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu yi. Ɛwom sɛ ebia ɛbɛyɛ te sɛ nea ɛyɛ den kakra de, nanso ɛyɛ sɔhwɛ a ɛho hia yiye a ebetumi ahu nneɛma pii wɔ yɛn nipadua mu. Enti ɛnnɛ, momma yɛnka nea FISH sɔhwɛ yi yɛ, nea ɛyɛ, ne sɛnea wɔyɛ no wɔ ɔkwan a ɛnyɛ den so a wubetumi ate ase ho asɛm.

Dɛn ne saa FISH sɔhwɛ yi (Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization)?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, FISH yɛ awosu mu nhwehwɛmu. Nyarewa ho animdefo, a wɔyɛ nnuruyɛfo a wɔn ho akokwaw wɔ nyarewa a wohu mu , de saa kwan yi di dwuma de hu nyarewa a nsakrae a ɛba nneɛma nketenkete a wɔfrɛ no chromosomes mu wɔ yɛn nipadua mu no de ba. Ɛtɔ da bi a, sɔhwɛ yi nso betumi aboa ma wɔahu awosu mu nsakrae a wobetumi asa nyarewa te sɛ kokoram.

Susuw ho saa kwan yi so: yɛn awosu mu nkwaadɔm te sɛ akwankyerɛ nhoma ma yɛn nipadua. Saa akwankyerɛ nhoma yi kyerɛ yɛn sɛnea biribiara a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu yɛ adwuma. Saa awosu mu nkwaadɔm yi wɔ nhyehyɛe ahorow a wɔfrɛ no chromosomes, a ɛte sɛ nhama mu. Enti, sɛ wɔpopa nsɛmfua a ɛwɔ akwankyerɛ nhoma yi mu no bi, yɛn DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) , anaasɛ nsɛmfua dɔɔso dodo, anaasɛ wɔde nsɛmfua bi si ananmu a, dɛn na ɛba? Yɛn nkwammoaa no nya akwankyerɛ a ɛnteɛ. Saa kwan yi so no, wobetumi ayera nsɛm (apopa), wɔayɛ ho mfonini a ɛboro nea ɛho hia (amplification), anaasɛ wɔde akɔ baabi foforo (translocation). Saa nsakrae yi betumi asesa sɛnea yɛn nipadua yɛ adwuma na ɛde nyarewa te sɛ kokoram aba.

Enti, nea FISH sɔhwɛ yi yɛ ne sɛ, ɛte sɛ nea wɔde kyerɛwdua a wɔde kɔla ayɛ di dwuma de "kɔla" chromosomes anaa awosu mu nkwaadɔm afã pɔtee bi. Afei, ɛnyɛ den sɛ saa nnuruyɛfo atitiriw no betumi ahu afã horow a wohia na ama wɔahu nyarewa denam afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete a wɔbɛhwɛ so. Sɛ wode afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete hwɛ kɔla yi a, ɛte sɛ akanea a ɛwɔ kɔla ahorow.

Dɛn na wobetumi ahu denam FISH sɔhwɛ no so?

Afei ebia woresusuw ho sɛ, dɛn ankasa na wobetumi ahu wɔ FISH sɔhwɛ yi mu? Nneɛma atitiriw no ne:

• Kyerɛ awosu mu nkwaadɔm mu nsakrae akɛse a ɛba kokoram mu. Sɛ nnuruyɛfo de saa nsɛm yi di dwuma a, wobetumi ahu kokoram ko no pɛpɛɛpɛ na wɔapaw ayaresa a eye sen biara ama no.
• Hwɛ sɛ ebia nkwaboaa mu nkwaadɔm a ɛnteɛ biara nni hɔ ansa na wɔawo akokoaa (ansa na wɔawo) anaa wɔ awo akyi. Eyi boa ma wohu awosu mu tebea horow bi ntɛm.
• Nea ɛka awotwaa a wɔde hyɛ nipadua mu (IVF) ho ne sɛ wɔbɛsɔ awotwaa no ahwɛ sɛ ebia nkwaboaa mu nkwaadɔm a ɛnteɛ nni hɔ ansa na wɔde ahyɛ ɛna no awotwaa mu (awosu mu nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ ansa na wɔde ahyɛ mu).

Ɔkwan bɛn so na FISH sɔhwɛ yi yɛ adwuma?

Okay, afei momma yɛnhwɛ nea ahintasɛm ketewa no yɛ wɔ sɛnea FISH sɔhwɛ yi yɛ adwuma no ho.

Madi kan aka sɛ yɛn DNA te sɛ akwankyerɛ nhoma kɛse bi. Enti FISH sɔhwɛ yi te sɛ nea wɔde fluorescent paint soronko bi si saa akwankyerɛ nhoma no afã horow a ɛho hia sen biara so dua. Nyansahufo yɛ saa “coloring paint,” anaa “probe” yi denam fluorescent nkyerɛwde a wɔde bata DNA no ankasa ho no so.

Yɛn DNA no yɛ nhama abien a ɛka bom, te sɛ zip sẽ. Nea nyansahufo yɛ ne sɛ, wodi kan tetew nhama abien yi mu denam nhwehwɛmu bi a wɔayɛ a wɔde di dwuma so, ne DNA a ɛwɔ nhwɛsode a wɔpɛ sɛ wɔsɔ hwɛ no mu. Wɔyɛ saa nhwehwɛmu yi ma ɛne DNA nnidiso nnidiso a wɔrehwehwɛ no hyia, kyerɛ sɛ, kasamu pɔtee a wɔrehwehwɛ wɔ akwankyerɛ nhoma no mu.

Afei, wɔde saa nhwehwɛmu a wɔasiesie yi fra DNA nhwɛsode a wɔafa afi nipadua mu ntini anaa nsu bi mu (wɔfrɛ eyi sɛ nea wɔde wɔn ani asi so). Afei, sɛ saa nhwehwɛmu no kɔ na ohu DNA bi a ɛwɔ kasasin a ɛrehwehwɛ no a, ɛbɛbata ho (hybridize). Esiane saa nkyerɛwde a ɛhyerɛn no nti, saa DNA asinasin no bɛhyerɛn wɔ kɔla fɛfɛ bi mu. Sɛ ɔyaresafo no de afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete soronko bi hwɛ a, saa nsensanee a ɛhyerɛn yi bɛda adi fɛfɛɛfɛ. Afei obetumi ate ase sɛ ebia nsɛm a ɛfa ho no wɔ hɔ ne emu dodow a ɛwɔ hɔ anaa. So ɛnyɛ nwonwa?

Awosu mu nsakrae a wobetumi ahu denam FISH nhwehwɛmu so

Nyarewa ho animdefo betumi de FISH sɔhwɛ yi ahwɛ sɛ nkwammoaa mu nsakrae a wonim sɛ ɛde nyarewa te sɛ kokoram ba anaa. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a ebetumi aboa ma wɔasi nea efi karyotyping sɔhwɛ a ɛyɛ chromosome ahorow no mu sɔhwɛ mu ba no so dua anaasɛ ɛma emu da hɔ . Nsakrae pɔtee bi a FISH sɔhwɛ betumi ahu ni:

• Amplification: Eyi ne bere a awosu mu abɔde bi mfonini pii wɔ hɔ sen sɛnea wɔhwɛɛ kwan no. Ɛte sɛ nea woreyɛ mfonini wɔ baabi a wopɛ sɛ woyɛ mfonini. Nyansahufo betumi de FISH adi dwuma de ahu awosu mu abɔde bi a ɛwɔ hɔ no dodow a ɛdɔɔso sen sɛnea wɔhwɛɛ kwan.
• Translocations/rearrangements: Eyi ne bere a wɔde awosu mu abɔde anaa nkwaboaa bi fã bi kɔ baabi foforo sen sɛnea ɛsɛ sɛ ɛkɔ. Nyansahufo betumi de mfiri abien a wɔde hwehwɛ nneɛma mu a ɛwɔ kɔla ahorow adi dwuma de ahu eyi. Wɔ awosu mu abɔde a ɛteɛ mu no, ɛsɛ sɛ saa nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi kɔla abien no da adi sɛ ɛbɛn ho. Nanso sɛ beae no asesa a, kɔla abien no bɛda adi wɔ akyirikyiri.
• Deletions: Te sɛ translocations no, nyansahufo de nhwehwɛmu bɛboro biako di dwuma de hwehwɛ mmeae a nsɛm nni DNA mu. Nhwehwɛmu ahorow bi bɛbata DNA a ɛwɔ nhwɛsode no mu no ho, nanso afoforo renbata baabi a ɛsɛ sɛ ɛbata ho. Ɛno na wɔhunu sɛ nsɛm bi ayera (wɔapopa) wɔ saa beaeɛ no.

Nyarewa a wobetumi de FISH nhwehwɛmu ahu

Nnuruyɛfo betumi de FISH sɔhwɛ no adi dwuma de ahu awosu mu nsakrae a ebetumi aboa ma wɔahu tebea horow te sɛ:

• Lymphoma a ɛma mogya tu
• Leukemia a emu yɛ den, myeloid leukemia a enni sabea, ne mogya mu kokoram ahorow afoforo
• Myeloma a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu pii
• Kokoram a ɛwɔ akisikuru mu
• Glioma (amemene mu kokoram bi) .
• Mesothelioma (ahurututu mu kokoram) .
• HER2 a wɔma ɛyɛ kɛse (wɔtaa hu eyi wɔ nufu mu kokoram mu, nanso wobetumi ahu wɔ yafunu ne ahurututu mu kokoram nso mu) .
• MET a wɔma ɛyɛ kɛse (wɔtaa hu eyi wɔ ahurututu, yafunu, ne aduan mu kokoram mu) .
• MYCN a wɔma ɛyɛ kɛse (wɔ kokoram bi a wɔfrɛ no Neuroblastoma mu) .
• Wɔ ahurututu mu kokoram a ɛnyɛ nkwammoaa nketewa mu no , awosu mu nkwaadɔm ALK, RET, ne ROS1 a wɔsan hyehyɛ/frafra. Saa awosu mu nkwaadɔm yi ALK, RET, anaa ROS1 betumi ne awosu mu nkwaadɔm foforo abom de kokoram aba.

Mɛyɛ dɛn asiesie me ho ama FISH sɔhwɛ?

Sɛnea wusiesie wo ho ma FISH nhwehwɛmu no gyina nhwɛsode ko a wo duruyɛfo no gye fi wo hɔ so.

• Wɔ nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ ansa na wɔawo ho: Wo duruyɛfo bɛyɛ nhwehwɛmu titiriw bi a wɔfrɛ no amniocentesis .
• Wɔ awosu mu nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ ansa na wɔde ahyɛ nipadua mu (PGD anaa PGS): Wɔfa nkwammoaa ketewaa bi a efi nkwaboaa pii mu de yɛ nhwehwɛmu. Wɔtaa yɛ eyi wɔ ovulation akyi nna kakraa bi.
• Sɛ wo duruyɛfo susuw sɛ wo anaa wo ba wɔ yare bi a efi nkwaadɔm a ɛnyɛ ne kwan so anaa awosu mu nkwaadɔm mu nsakrae mu ba a: Wobetumi de mogya mu nhwehwɛmu a ɛnyɛ den ahwɛ eyi mu .
• Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ na woahu kokoram anaa awosu mu nsakrae wɔ kokoram nkwammoaa mu (molekyule mu nhwehwɛmu): Ɛho behia sɛ woyɛ biopsy (tumor anaa bone marrow biopsy) , a ɛyɛ ntini anaa nnompe mu ntini a wɔde yɛ nhwɛso.
• Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ na wɔahu anaa wɔahwɛ akisikuru a ɛwɔ akisikuru mu no: Ɛtɔ mmere bi a wɔyɛ FISH nhwehwɛmu wɔ nsu a wɔde yɛ nhwehwɛmu so .

Wɔ nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi mu no, mpɛn pii no, nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu nkutoo na ehia sɛ wosiesie wɔn ho titiriw. Esiane sɛ wɔde aduru a wɔde kum nipadua no na ɛyɛ nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu dodow no ara nti, ɛsɛ sɛ wudi wo duruyɛfo akwankyerɛ a ɛfa sɛnea wusiesie wo ho no akyi.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na ɔyare ho animdefo yɛ FISH nhwehwɛmu yi?

Sɛ wɔyɛ FISH nhwehwɛmu a, ɔyare ho ɔbenfo anaa aduruyɛdan mu mfiridwumayɛfo di anammɔn yi akyi:

1. Creating probe(s): Wɔ eyi mu no, wɔpaw DNA asinasin a ɛne DNA nnidiso nnidiso a wɔrehwehwɛ no hyia. Afei, wotwitwa saa DNA no mu nketenkete na wɔde fluorescent nkyerɛwde ka ho.

2. Denaturation of the probe and target: Eyi kyerɛ sɛnea wɔtetew nkitahodi abien a ɛda nhwehwɛmu no ne DNA nhwɛsode a wɔresɔ ahwɛ no ntam.

3. Hybridization: Sɛ wɔde nhwehwɛmu ahorow fra DNA nhwɛsode a wɔafa afi nipadua mu ntini anaa nsu mu a, nhwehwɛmu ahorow no bata DNA ntoatoaso a wɔrehwehwɛ no ho.

4. 4. .Nea afi mu aba a wɔbɛhwɛ: Wɔde afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete a ɛma hann soronko di dwuma de hwɛ baabi a nkyerɛwde no hyerɛn wɔ nhwɛsode no mu.

Afei ɔyare ho ɔbenfo no bɛbɔ nea afi mu aba yi ho amanneɛ akyerɛ wo duruyɛfo .

Dɛn ne nea efi FISH sɔhwɛ mu ba?

Nea efi FISH sɔhwɛ mu ba no gyina sɔhwɛ ko a wowɔ so. FISH nhwehwɛmu a ɛkyerɛ sɛ nkwaboaa anaa awosu mu nkwaadɔm a ɛnteɛ wɔ nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ nhwɛsode no mu no mu. Ɛyɛ papa sɛ wo ne wo duruyɛfo bɛkasa afa sɛnea nea ebefi mu aba no bɛyɛ ne nea ɛkyerɛ ho.

Sɛ FISH nhwehwɛmu bi da adi a, dɛn na ɛba?

Sɛ wo FISH nhwehwɛmu no yɛ papa a, wo duruyɛfo bɛkyerɛkyerɛ nea ɛkyerɛ ne nea wubetumi apaw mu. Sɛ wɔyɛɛ sɔhwɛ no de hwehwɛɛ awosu mu nsakrae a ɛba kokoram bi mu a, ebia ayaresa ahorow bi wɔ hɔ a wɔde wɔn ani asi so a wɔde wɔn ani si saa nkwaadɔm mu nsakrae pɔtee no so. Enti ɛho hia sɛ wo ne wo duruyɛfo kasa a wommɔ hu.

Bere tenten ahe na egye ansa na wɔanya FISH sɔhwɛ mu aba?

Ebetumi agye adapɛn biako kosi anan ansa na wɔanya FISH sɔhwɛ mu aba. Wo duruyɛfo bɛkyerɛ wo bere a ɛsɛ sɛ wohwɛ nea ebefi mu aba ne ɔkwan a wobɛfa so ahu.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ me ne me duruyɛfo di nkitaho?

Sɛ wowɔ nsɛmmisa bi fa sɔhwɛ no anaa nea efii mu bae no ho a, ntwentwɛn wo nan ase sɛ wo ne wo duruyɛfo bɛkasa. Wɔbɛkyerɛkyerɛ biribiara mu akyerɛ wo.

Awiei koraa no, nkrasɛm a ɛho hia sen biara

Sɛ yɛtwɛn nea ebefi awosu mu nhwehwɛmu mu aba a, ebetumi ayɛ hu, ayɛ basaa, na ɛtɔ mmere bi mpo a ɛyɛ den kakra. Ebia woretwɛn mmuae. Saa FISH sɔhwɛ yi yɛ mfiridwuma a ɛboa wo ma wunya saa mmuae no, te sɛ "highlighter" a ɛhwehwɛ nsɛm a wuhia na ɛde kɔla gu so .

Ebia mmuae a wubenya no nyɛ nea wohwɛ kwan, nanso ɛbɛboa wo ma woate wo tebea no ase ne nea wubetumi apaw. Efi hɔ no, wo ne wo duruyɛfo betumi abom ayɛ nhyehyɛe a eye sen biara a wode bɛkɔ w’anim.

Kae sɛ, ɛho hia yiye sɛ wubisa wo duruyɛfo ma ɔmma wo ntease wɔ biribiara a wususuw wɔ sɔhwɛ no ho, nea enti a wɔreyɛ, ne nea nea efi mu ba no kyerɛ ho.

` FISH sɔhwɛ, awosu mu nhwehwɛmu, chromosomes, DNA, kokoram, awosu mu nsakrae, awosu ansa na wɔawo