Momma yensua Geographic Atrophy a ɛka w’anisoadehu komm no ho ade.

So ɛtɔ da bi a wote nka sɛ w’ani so tew nkakrankakra, titiriw bere a wohwɛ w’anim tẽẽ, na w’aniwa mfinimfini mu nna hɔ, te sɛ baabi a ɛyɛ sum no? So ɛyɛ den ma wo sɛ wobɛkenkan nhoma anaa atesɛm krataa, anaasɛ wubehu nneɛma wɔ sum mu? Enti, ɛnnɛ yɛrebɛka Geographic Atrophy, aniwa tebea bi a ebetumi aba nnipa binom mu bere a wɔanyinyin no ho asɛm. Mma ɛnhaw wo, ɛho hia paa sɛ wuhu eyi.

Dɛn ne Geographic Atrophy?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, Geographic Atrophy ne aduruyɛ mu din a wɔde frɛ dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD), yare a ɛka aniwa bere a yɛrenyin no, a emu yɛ den sen biara, a etwa to. Ebia woate macular degeneration ho asɛm. Eyi ne bere a macula , retina no fã a ɛho hia yiye wɔ yɛn aniwa mu no sɛe.

Susuw ho hwɛ, nneɛma a wuhu pefee bere a wohwɛ w’anim tẽẽ, te sɛ nkyerɛwde bere a worekenkan nhoma, anaa anim bere a wohwɛ obi no nyinaa yɛ nneɛma a macula boa yɛn ma yehu pefee. Enti, sɛ Geographic Atrophy ba a, ɛyɛ mfinimfini anisoadehu no na ɛka kɛse. Nanso, wotumi hu ade a wohu wɔ akyirikyiri, anaa nneɛma a wohu fi nkyɛnkyɛn.

Saa tebea yi taa ka aniwa abien no nyinaa (afã abien). Obi a ɔwɔ asasesin mu akisikuru betumi anya baabi a ɛyɛ tumm (scotoma) wɔ n’ani mfinimfini bere a ɔhwɛ n’anim tẽẽ no, na ebia n’ani a ɛyɛ mmerɛw no so bɛtew.

Geographic Atrophy abu so dɛn?

Ɛka nnipa bɛboro ɔpepem 8 wɔ wiase nyinaa. Geographic Atrophy yɛ tebea a ɛka nnipa bɛyɛ 20% a wɔwɔ macular degeneration (AMD) a ɛfa mfe a wɔadi ho. Enti, ɛnyɛ nea ɛntaa nsi saa.

Dɛn ne Geographic Atrophy ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow?

Wɔ saa tebea yi mu no, wubetumi anya yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne te sɛ:

• Aniwa a ɛyera : Sɛ yɛbɛka no pɛpɛɛpɛ a, nneɛma mu nna hɔ na ɛnyɛ nnam.
• Akenkan, karka, ne nsaanodwuma a ɛyɛ den : Ebetumi ayɛ den sɛ wobɛyɛ adwuma biara a ɛhwehwɛ sɛ wuhu ade tẽẽ. Nneɛma te sɛ nkyerɛwee nketewa a wɔbɛkenkan wɔ atesɛm krataa mu, television a wobɛhwɛ, anaa ade a wɔde asaawa abɔ mu betumi ayɛ den.
• Beae a ɛyɛ sum, anaa anifuraefo, wɔ w’aniwa mfinimfini: Beae a wohwɛ no nkutoo na ɛda adi sɛ tuntum, te sɛ baabi a hwee nni hɔ.
• Ɛyɛ den sɛ wubehu ade wɔ hann kakraa bi mu : Anwummere no, nneɛma nyɛ nea wotumi hu kɛse wɔ mmeae a hann kakraa bi na ɛwɔ hɔ.
• Kɔla ahorow a ɛbɛyɛ kusuu anaasɛ ɛte sɛ nea ɛnyɛ hann kɛse : Ebia nneɛma a kan no na ɛyɛ fɛ wɔ kɔla mu no bɛyɛ te sɛ nea ɛyɛ kusuu kakra na ne kɔla asesa mprempren.

Ade a ɛho hia ne sɛ Geographic Atrophy yɛ tebea bi a ɛba wɔ aniwa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a efi mfe a obi adi mu ba awiei. Enti, ebia worenhu sɛnkyerɛnne biara wɔ mfiase , anaasɛ sɛ aniwa biako pɛ na ɛka wo a, ebia worenhu nsonsonoe kɛse.

Dɛn ne nneɛma a ɛde Geographic Atrophy ba?

Sɛnea yɛadi kan aka no, eyi ne AMD a ɛyɛ dry no fã a etwa to. Nhwehwɛmufo da so ara nnim nea ɛma nsakrae a ɛba aniwa no mu yi ma ɛbɛyɛ asasesin a ɛyɛ mmerɛw ankasa. Nanso, wosusuw sɛ adeyɛ bi a wɔfrɛ no complement cascade , a ɛyɛ yɛn nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no fã no ka ho. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ ebia adeyɛ bi a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua no ahobammɔ nhyehyɛe mu no ntumi nyɛ adwuma yiye na ɛde ɔsɛe yi ba. Bio nso, awosu mu nneɛma (i.e., nneɛma a wɔde fi awo ntoatoaso so kɔ awo ntoatoaso so) ne nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia nso betumi adi dwuma.

Ade a ɛho hia sen biara a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛkae ne sɛ asasesin a ɛyɛ mmerɛw nyɛ yare a ɛde ɔyare mmoawa ba . Worentumi ntrɛw mu mma obi foforo.

Hena na ɔwɔ asiane kɛse mu sɛ obenya asasesin mu akisikuru?

Ɛwom sɛ saa tebea yi betumi aba obiara so de, nanso nnipa binom wɔ asiane kɛse mu. Eyinom bi ne:

• Nnipa a wɔadi mfe 60 anaa nea ɛboro saa.
• Aborɔfo (ɛwom sɛ eyi mfa Sri Lanka ho kɛse de, nanso eye sɛ wubehu).
• Nnipa a wɔn ani yɛ kɔla yɛ hann.
• Sɛ obi a ɔwɔ w’abusua mu wɔ mfe a wadi a ɛma n’aniwa yɛ mmerɛw anaa awosu mu tebea afoforo a ɛka aniwa no a.
• Nnipa a wɔnom sigaret anaa wɔanom sigaret bere bi a atwam.
• Nnipa a wodi aduan a nnuaba ne nhabannuru nnim, titiriw nhaban a ɛyɛ ahabammono tuntum no ho hia yiye ma aniwa akwahosan.
• Nnipa a wɔde wɔn ho hyɛ owia hann mu dodo.
• Nnipa a wɔn ani hu ade 20/200 anaa nea enye koraa (wobu anisoadehu a ɛfata sɛ ɛyɛ 20/20).

Bio nso, nnipa a wɔwɔ ayaresa tebea afoforo te sɛ:

• Aduan pa a wonnya nni
• Obolo
• Mogya mmoroso
• Cholesterol a ɛdɔɔso
• Asikreyare `(Asikreyare)`
• Koma mu yare a ɛma obi nya komayare

Dɛn ne nsɛnnennen a ɛwɔ Geographic Atrophy mu?

Nea ɛyɛ awerɛhow no, aniwa a ɛyera esiane asasesin a ɛyɛ mmerɛw nti no yɛ nea ɛtra hɔ daa . Sɛ wohwere w’ani a ɛyɛ tẽẽ a, ebetumi ayɛ den sɛ wobɛyɛ da biara da nnwuma te sɛ:

• Nhoma a wɔkenkan.
• Ka a wɔka kar.
• Nnipa anim a wobehu.
• Nneɛma a wotaa de gye w’ani, nnwuma, anaa nsaanodwuma a wobɛyɛ.

Eyi betumi ama asetra ayɛ den kakra, nanso akwan bi wɔ hɔ a ɛbɛboa wo ma woagyina ano.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wohu Geographic Atrophy?

W’ani ho ɔbenfo bɛfa aniwa mu nhwehwɛmu ne nhwehwɛmu afoforo so ahu saa tebea yi. Oduruyɛfo no nso bebisa wo wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne, aduruyɛ mu tebea foforo biara a wowɔ, ne sɛ ebia w’abusua mu obiara anya tebea a ɛte saa ara anaa.

Sɔhwɛ ahorow bɛn na wɔyɛ ma eyi?

Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ na woahu asasesin mu akisikuru no, w’ani duruyɛfo betumi ahyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu te sɛ:

• Fundus autofluorescence : Eyi yɛ ɔkwan a wɔfa so twa retina a ɛwɔ aniwa no mu no mfonini. Wɔ eyi mu no, nneɛma bi a ɛwɔ retina no mu te sɛ lipofuscin , hyerɛn wɔ hann soronko bi ase a enhia sɛ wɔde aniwa mu nsu biara gu mu. Eyi betumi aboa ma wɔahu mmeae a nneɛma asɛe.
• Optical coherence tomography (OCT): Eyi nso yɛ ɔkwan a wɔmfa nhyɛ mu a wɔfa so twa retina no mfonini. Ɛde hann a ɛdannan di dwuma. Egye retina no fã bi a wɔatwa no tiaa na ebetumi ahu baabi a asɛe no akodu.
• Microperimetry : Eyi yɛ ɔkwan a wobɛfa so asɔ w’ani a ɛhwɛ ade ahwɛ. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ wubetumi ahu baabi a wubetumi ahu ne sɛ ebia nsensanee tuntum bi wɔ w’anisoadehu mu anaa.
• Multifocal electroretinography : Wɔ sɔhwɛ yi mu no, hann hyerɛn kɔ wo retina so na wɔsusuw anyinam ahoɔden dwumadi a ɛyɛ mmuae no.

Sɛ sɔhwɛ ahorow yi te sɛ nea ɛyɛ den kakra a, mma ɛnhaw wo. Wo duruyɛfo bɛkyerɛkyerɛ biribiara mu akyerɛ wo.

Dɛn ne ayaresa ahorow a wɔde sa Geographic Atrophy?

Asɛmpa no ne sɛ nnansa yi ara U.S. Aduan ne Nnuru Dwumadibea (FDA) penee nnuru abien so nea edi kan a wɔde bɛsa asasesin a ɛyɛ mmerɛw. Wɔn ne pegcetacoplan (SYOFOVRETM) ne avacincaptad pegol (IZERVAYTM). Eyinom yɛ nnuru a wɔde twitwiw aniwa mu . Saa nnuru a wɔde twitwiw nipadua no mu yi betumi ama asasesin a ɛyɛ mmerɛw no akɔ so brɛoo. W’ani duruyɛfo de saa nnuru yi bɛhyɛ w’ani so pɛnkoro ɔsram biara anaa asram abien biara.

Nea ɛka ho no, ebia w’ani duruyɛfo bɛkyerɛ akwan foforo a wobɛfa so adi asasesin a ɛyɛ mmerɛw no ho dwuma, te sɛ:

• Aniwa a wobɛsan asiesie : Ebia wubehia nneɛma a wɔde hwɛ ade, te sɛ ahwehwɛ soronko anaa ahwehwɛ a ɛma nneɛma kɛse yɛ kɛse, na aboa wo ma woayɛ wo da biara da nnwuma.
• AREDS2 Nkyekyɛm a Wɔde Ka HoAREDS2 a wɔde ka aduan ho: Wɔsɔɔ saa nnuru a ɛko tia ɔyare mmoawa yi hwɛe wɔ Mfe a Ɛfa Aniwa Yare Ho Nhwehwɛmu no mu. Nnuruyɛfo binom de sa AMD a ɛyɛ dry. Ná beta-carotene ka nneɛma yi ho wɔ mfitiase AREDS1 aduru no mu. Nanso esiane sɛ beta-carotene ne ahurututu mu kokoram ho asiane a ɛkɔ soro wɔ wɔn a wɔnom sigaret mu no wɔ abusuabɔ nti, lutein , zeaxanthin, vitamin E, zinc oxide , ne cupric oxide nso ka AREDS2 ho.
• Implantable miniature telescope (IMT): Nea ɛka eyi ho ne sɛ wode oprehyɛn yi w’ani no abɔde mu ahwehwɛ no na wode afiri ketewaa yi si ananmu. Saa mfiri yi ma nneɛma yɛ kɛse wɔ anisoadehu tẽẽ mu na ɛde n’adwene si retina no mmeae afoforo a ɛda so ara yɛ adwuma yiye no so.

So ayaresa no mu nsunsuanso bɔne bi wɔ hɔ?

Esiane sɛ nnuru foforo a wɔde bɔ nkurɔfo ho ban Pegcetacoplan ne Avacincaptad pegol da so ara yɛ foforo koraa nti, abenfo da so ara resua sɛnea etu mpɔn ne asiane ahorow a ɛwɔ mu no ho ade. Mprempren, wonim sɛ nneɛma bɔne a edidi so yi ba:

• Aniwa mu yaw.
• Mogya a ɛtɔ wɔ aniwa fitaa mu (Subconjunctival hemorrhage).
• Nsu a ɛsensɛn nsu mu a ɛda adi wɔ aniwa no mu (vitreous humor).
• Neovascularization a ɛwɔ aniwa no mu.

Ɛho hia sɛ wo ne wo duruyɛfo kasa fa eyi ho na wopaw ayaresa a eye ma wo.

So wobetumi asiw Geographic Atrophy ano?

Sɛ yɛbɛka nokware a, ɔkwan biara nni hɔ a wɔbɛfa so asiw asasesin a ɛyɛ mmerɛw no ano koraa , efisɛ wontumi nsiw aniwa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a efi mfe a obi adi a ɛde ba no ano.

Nanso, wubetumi abɔ mmɔden sɛ wobɛtew asiane a ɛwɔ eyi mu no so. Ɛno kyerɛ sɛ yɛbɛma yɛn ani aku asiane ahorow a wotumi sesa a yebetumi asesa no so. Yɛrentumi nsakra nneɛma te sɛ mfe a yɛadi ne abusuakuw. Nanso, wubetumi aboa ma asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ no so atew denam nneɛma yi a wobɛyɛ so:

• Ɛnyɛ sigaretnom. Sɛ wonom sigaret a, bɔ mmɔden sɛ wubegyae.
• Nyarewa a enni sabea te sɛ asikreyare, mogya mmoroso, kɛseyɛ mmoroso, ne srade a ɛdɔɔso a wobedi so yiye.
• Hyɛ ahwehwɛ a wɔde hwɛ owia a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ de bɔ w’ani ho ban bere a worekɔ owia mu no.
• Hyɛ ahwehwɛ a ɛfata a wode bɛbɔ wo ho ban wɔ adwumam, bere a woredi agumadi, anaa wode wo ho hyɛ nneɛma a wode gye w’ani mu no.
• Ɛsɛ sɛ wudi aduan pa ne apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ nhyehyɛe akyi. Titiriw no, fa nhabannuru a ɛyɛ ahabammono, nhabannuru, ne nnuaba ka w’aduan ho.

Sɛ mewɔ Geographic Atrophy a, dɛn na ɛba?

Mpɛn pii no, anidaso a ɛwɔ nnipa a wɔwɔ asasesin mu akisikuru ho no nyɛ papa koraa wɔ anisoadehu mu. Nanso, ɛsono sɛnea yare no ka onipa biara. Ayaresa foforo de anidaso bi aba.

Adeɛ a ɛho hia paa ne sɛ Geographic Atrophy nyɛ yareɛ a ɛdi awu na ɛrenka wo nkwa nna.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mekɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn?

W’ani duruyɛfo bɛkyerɛ wo mpɛn dodow a ɛsɛ sɛ wohwɛ w’ani. Sɛ wuhu nsakrae bi wɔ w’ani anaa w’ani so a, ka kyerɛ wo duruyɛfo ntɛm ara .

Sɛ w’ani so tetew mpofirim anaasɛ w’ani yɛ wo yaw kɛse a, ɛho hia sɛ wohwehwɛ aduruyɛfo afotu ntɛm ara.

Nsɛm bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mibisa oduruyɛfo no?

Sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn a, wubetumi abisa nsɛm te sɛ:

• So mewɔ geographic atrophy anaa aniwa mu yare foforo?
• Sɔhwɛ ahorow bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ meyɛ?
• So mefata sɛ minya nnuru foforo a wɔde sa asase ho akisikuru?
• Mpɛn ahe na ɛsɛ sɛ mehwɛ m’ani?
• So metumi de me ho ahyɛ ayaresabea sɔhwɛ bi mu?
• Nsakrae bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mehwɛ yiye wɔ m’ani so?
• So wubetumi aboa me ma mahu nnwuma a ɛboa me a ebetumi aboa me?

Nea etwa to no, nneɛma a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛkae

Ɛyɛ fɛ yiye sɛ ayaresa foforo wɔ hɔ a wɔde sa asase a ɛyɛ mmerɛw na nhwehwɛmu rekɔ so. Nanso, ɛyɛ ade a ɛfata sɛ wobɛte ehu nka bere a wuhu sɛ wowɔ tebea bi a ebetumi aka w’ani so daa no.

Nha wo ho. W’ani duruyɛfo bɛka tebea yi ho nsɛm pii akyerɛ wo, nea wubetumi ahwɛ kwan, ne ayaresa a eye sen biara a ɛbɛboa wo ma woadi ho dwuma. Ɛho hia sɛ wudi wo duruyɛfo akwankyerɛ akyi na woyɛ w’ani mu nhwehwɛmu daa . Afei nso, mmoa a w’abusua de bɛma wo no bɛboa wo kɛse wɔ saa bere yi mu.

Geographic Atrophy, Mfe a Mfe a Ɛma Aniwa a Ɛsɛe, AMD, Macula, Aniwa Akwahosan, Aniwa a Ɛyera, Aniwa Nyarewa