Amemene no sobɔfo kɛse: Nea ɛsɛ sɛ wuhu fa Glutamate ho!

So woasusuw sɛnea wɔde nsɛm kɔ w’amemene mu kɔ anim ne akyi ho pɛn? Sɛ yesua biribi foforo, sɛ yɛkae biribi dedaw a, nnuru sobɔfo ketewaa bi wɔ hɔ nanso ɛho hia yiye a ɔboa yɛn ma yɛyɛ eyi nyinaa fi akyi. Wɔfrɛ ɛno Glutamate . Nokwarem no, sɛ ɛnyɛ ɛno a, anka yɛn amemene no bɛyɛ basabasa. Enti ɛnnɛ yɛbɛka nea Glutamate yi yɛ, dwumadi ahorow a ɛyɛ wɔ yɛn nipadua mu, titiriw wɔ amemene mu, nea enti a ɛho nhia, nanso ɔhaw ahorow a ɛtɔ mmere bi a ebetumi aba nso sɛ ne dodow kɔ soro anaasɛ ɛso tew a. Ne tiawa mu no, yɛbɛka eyinom nyinaa ho asɛm wɔ ɔkwan a wubetumi ate ase so.

Dɛn ankasa ne Glutamate?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, Glutamate yɛ neurotransmitter . Fa no sɛ neurotransmitters yɛ abɔfo nketewa a ɛde nkrasɛm kɔ ntini nkwammoaa (neurons) a ɛwɔ yɛn amemene mu no ntam. Eyinom ne nea ɛde nsɛm ne nsɛnkyerɛnne fi ntini mu nkwammoaa biako mu kɔ foforo mu.

Wɔ yɛn amemene mu no, glutamate ne ntini mu nkwaadɔm a ɛkanyan adwene titiriw . "Excitatory" kyerɛ sɛ ɛkanyan ntini mu nkwammoaa bi, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ "ɛkanyan no." Afei sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ yiye sɛ saa nkrasɛm no bɛkɔ ntini mu nkwammoaa a edi hɔ no mu no kɔ soro. Ɛte sɛ nea obi nyane denam ne pon a ɔbɛbɔ mu no so. Enti, glutamate ho hia na ama amemene no ayɛ adwuma yiye.

Seesei ebia woresusuw sɛnea wɔyɛ glutamate yi ne baabi a wɔyɛ no ho. Nkwammoaa soronko bi a wɔfrɛ no glial cells na ɛsan de glutamate di dwuma bio na ɛyɛ foforo wɔ yɛn amemene mu . Glial nkwammoaa yɛ nkwammoaa bi a ɛboa a ɛboa, ɛma ahoɔden, na ɛbɔ ntini nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ amemene no mu ho ban. Saa glial nkwammoaa yi fa glutamate a wɔde adi dwuma no na ɛdan no aduru foforo a wɔfrɛ no glutamine . Afei, sɛ glutamine yi du ntini mu nkwammoaa no awiei bio a, ɛsan dan glutamate. So ɛnyɛ adwinnade a ɛyɛ nwonwa yiye?

Ɛnyɛ ɛno nko, na mmom glutamate nso ho hia ma ntini mu nkwaadɔm foforo a ɛho hia, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) . GABA yɛ nea wonim no sɛ "adwo" neurotransmitter. GABA boa wɔ nneɛma te sɛ nna, ahomegye, dadwen ano aduru, ne ntini dwumadi mu. Enti, bere a glutamate kanyan obi wɔ ɔfã biako no, ɛboa ma wɔyɛ ade a ɛma obi dwo wɔ ɔfã foforo nso.

Ɛnyɛ ntini mu nkwaadɔm a ɛma obi nya ntini mu nkwaadɔm nko na glutamate yɛ. Ɛyɛ amino acid nso. Amino acid ne nneɛma atitiriw a ɛkyekye protein ahorow. Te sɛ adansi nneɛma. Glutamate ne amino acid a ɛdɔɔso sen biara wɔ yɛn nipadua mu. Wɔ nipadua no mu no, wɔyɛ Glutamate na wɔkora so wɔ ntini mu ntini mu.

Afei nso, ebia woate glutamate ho asɛm kɛse esiane aduan a wɔde ka aduan ho a wɔfrɛ no monosodium glutamate (MSG) nti . Glutamate nso wɔ aduru a ɛma aduan dɛ MSG mu.

Enti ɔkwan bɛn so na glutamate yi yɛ adwuma? Ɛyɛ nwonwa!

Ntini mu nkwammoaa ankasa na ɛyɛ ntini mu nkwaadɔm te sɛ glutamate. Wɔde sie kotoku nketenkete a wɔfrɛ no synaptic vesicles mu wɔ ntini nkwammoaa no axon awiei. Fa eyinom sɛ ahurututu nketenkete. Bubble biako betumi akura saa neurotransmitter molecules mpempem pii!

Afei, sɛ nkrasɛm anaa sɛnkyerɛnne bi fa ntini mu nkwammoaa bi so a, anyinam ahoɔden su a ɛwɔ saa sɛnkyerɛnne no mu no ma saa ntini nketewa a glutamate ahyɛ mu ma no bue na wogyae wɔn glutamate no kɔ ɔkwan ketewaa bi a nsu ahyɛ mu ma a wɔfrɛ no synapse a ɛda ntini nkwammoaa abien ntam mu. Ɛte sɛ bridge. Wɔ saa ɔkwan yi fã foforo no, ntini mu nkwammoaa a edi hɔ no wɔ. Afei ɛsɛ sɛ glutamate yi kɔ na ɛkyekyere ntini titiriw a ɛwɔ ntini mu nkwammoaa foforo a egye nkrasɛm no so no. Ɛte sɛ safe bi a ɛhyɛ apon mu. Sɛ ɛka bom wie a, glutamate no ma nsakrae anaa adeyɛ bi ba saa ntini mu nkwammoaa a edi hɔ no mu. Ɛno ne bere a nkrasɛm no kɔ so fi ntini mu nkwammoaa mu kɔ ntini mu nkwammoaa mu.

Nea ɛnte sɛ ntini mu nkwaadɔm afoforo dodow no ara no, glutamate tumi kyekyere ntini ahorow anan a ɛma nipadua no nya nkwaadɔm ! Fa no sɛ wode master key biako bebue apon anan. Saa tumi yi ma glutamate nya nkɛntɛnso ahorow pii wɔ amemene no nyinaa so na ɛne ntini mu nkwammoaa afoforo di nkitaho. Glutamate na ɛyɛ adwuma a ɛkanyan obi wɔ onipa amemene mu no bɛboro 90%. So wubetumi asusuw sɛnea ɛno ho hia no ho?

Wɔ yɛn amemene mu no, ntini mu nkwammoaa bom yɛ amansin nketenkete. Saa amansin nketewa yi boa wɔ nnwuma nketenkete te sɛ nkae a wɔkae mu. Na, nkitahodi akɛse a ɛtrɛw boa ma wɔyɛ nnwuma akɛse a ɛyɛ den te sɛ nea wohu, te, ne nea wotu kɔ baabiara. Glutamate ne ntini mu nkwaadɔm titiriw a ɛde nnuru nkrasɛm fa saa amansin ne nkitahodi nhyehyɛe ahorow yi mu kɔ. Ɔkwan a glutamate fa so yɛ adwuma wɔ synapse a ɛda ntini nkwammoaa ntam no hyɛ nkitahodi sɛnkyerɛnne a ɛda nkwammoaa yi ntam no mu den anaasɛ ɛma ɛyɛ mmerɛw. Ɛka sɛnea wɔyɛ adwuma a ɛfa ho no tẽẽ. Sɛ wɔannyi glutamate adi wɔ bere a ɛfata mu, wɔ mmeae a ɛfata, ne dodow a ɛfata a, nkitahodi no sɛe. Saa ara na sɛ glutamate kɔ soro dodo a, ebetumi asɛe ntini mu nkwammoaa na asɛe nkitahodi nhyehyɛe no ankasa.

Ɔsom bɛn na glutamate de ma yɛn nipadua?

Dwumadi ahorow a ɛho hia a glutamate yɛ wɔ yɛn nipadua mu no bi ni:

• Adesua ne nkae:Sɛnea yɛadi kan aka no, esiane sɛ etumi ne nneɛma ahorow anan a ɛma wogye nneɛma di nkitaho nti, glutamate wɔ hokwan kɛse sɛ ɛde nkrasɛm bɛkɔ ntini mu nkwammoaa ntam yiye na ayɛ ntɛmntɛm. Saa nsɛnkyerɛnne a wɔde sesa ntɛmntɛm ne nsɛm a wɔde di dwuma yi ho hia yiye ma adesua ne nkae. Ɛnyɛ ɛno nko, na mmom glutamate nso ma ntini mu nkwammoaa tumi de nsɛm a ɛfa ho bata wɔn ho wɔn ho ho. Eyi ne nea wogyina so kae ade. Susuw ho hwɛ, sɛ wusua biribi foforo a, akwan foforo hyehyɛ amemene no mu.
• Ahoɔden fibea ma amemene mu nkwammoaa: Sɛ glucose, yɛn nipadua mu ahoɔden titiriw no sua a, glutamate tumi ma amemene mu nkwammoaa ahoɔden. Ɛte sɛ backup power supply.
• Nnuru ho ɔbɔfo: Eyi ne n’adwuma titiriw. Glutamate boa ma nnuru nkrasɛm kɔ ntini mu nkwammoaa ntam.
• Dae-nyane kyinhyia sohwɛ: Sɛnea mmoa ho nhwehwɛmu kyerɛ no, glutamate dodow kɔ soro bere a yɛda ne ``Rapid Eye Movement'' (REM) fã a yɛda no. Nna pa ho hia na ama obi anya asetra a ahoɔden wom.
• Ɛyaw ho sɛnkyerɛnne: Abusuabɔ bi da glutamate dodow a ɛkɔ soro ne ɛyaw a wɔte nka a ɛkɔ soro ntam. Wei kyerɛ sɛ, sɛ yɛpira a, ɛboa nso ma yɛde saa ɛyaw no kɔ amemene no mu.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na glutamate dɔɔso wɔ yɛn amemene mu?

Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, glutamate dodow a ɛwɔ yɛn amemene mu no betumi ayɛ kɛse dodo. Nneɛma pii betumi ama eyi aba:

• Glutamate a efi ntini mu nkwammoaa mu ba dodo.
• Glutamate fi glial nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ amemene no mu no mu tẽẽ, na ɛde glutamate dodow a ɛwɔ amemene no mu nyinaa ka ho.
• Glutamate a ɛboro so no da so ara wɔ ɔkwan ketewaa a ɛda ntini mu nkwammoaa (synapse) ntam no mu. Afei, glutamate agyefo pii kɔ so yɛ adwuma, na ntini mu nkwammoaa betumi akɔ so akanyan.
• Ntini a ɛma ntini mu nkwammoaa a ɛma mogya tu no yɛ nea ɛyɛ mmerɛw dodo wɔ glutamate ho. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ wɔyɛ glutamate molecule nketenkete mpo de kanyan wɔn.

Sɛ glutamate kɔ soro a, dɛn na ɛba? Eyi yɛ nea asiane wom!

Sɛ glutamate dodow a ɛwɔ amemene no mu no kɔ soro dodo a, ntini mu nkwammoaa betumi akanyan dodo. Saa nkannyan a ɛboro so yi betumi asɛe amemene mu nkwammoaa anaasɛ ekum wɔn mpo . Wɔ eyi mu no, wɔfrɛ glutamate excitotoxin . Ɛne sɛ, ɛyɛ adwuma sɛ ade a ɛkanyan obi ne awuduru bere koro mu.

Wɔde glutamate dodow a ɛkɔ soro wɔ amemene no mu no abata aduruyɛ mu tebea horow bi ho, a nea ɛka ho ne:

• Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis - Lou Gehrig yareɛ) a ɛma obi ho kyere no:Wɔ eyi mu no, nkakrankakra ntini ahorow no yɛ mmerɛw.
• Multiple Sclerosis: Yare a ɛka ntini a ɛma nipadua no yɛ adwuma.
• Alzheimer yare: Ebia woate ho asɛm, yare a abu so a ɛma obi kae ade yiye.
• Parkinson yare: Ɛka nipadua no kankan, wobetumi ahu sɛnkyerɛnne te sɛ akwaa a ɛwosow.
• Huntington yare: Yare a wonya fi awo mu a ɛsɛe amemene mu nkwammoaa.
• Akisikuru: Tebea a mogya a ɛkɔ amemene no mu a wɔatwa mu de ba.
• Fibromyalgia: Ɛma nipadua no nyinaa te ɛyaw ne ɔbrɛ.
• Ɔbrɛ a enni sabea: Ɔbrɛ a ɛtra so bere tenten.

Adwene mu akwahosan ho haw ahorow nso wɔ hɔ a wosusuw sɛ ɔhaw ahorow a ɛwɔ glutamate a wɔyɛ anaa wɔde di dwuma mu na ɛde ba:

• Adwene ne dadwen mu haw ahorow .
• Autism a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu .
• Hahaahayɔ .
• Ɔhaw a ɛma obi yɛ ade tra so (OCD) yɛ ɔyare a ɛma obi nya nsusuwii ne nneyɛe a wɔmpɛ .
Adwene mu adwenemhaw yɛ nkate mu de .

Nea ɛho hia: Bere a ebia glutamate a ɛnkari pɛ no yɛ ade biako a ɛde tebea horow yi ba no, eyinom yɛ tebea horow a emu yɛ den a ebetumi de nneɛma afoforo pii aba. Oduruyɛfo nkutoo na obetumi ahu yare no pɛpɛɛpɛ.

Enti sɛ glutamate so tew a, dɛn na ɛba?

Nea ɛka glutamate a ɛkɔ soro ho no, glutamate dodow a ɛso tew wɔ amemene no mu nso yɛ ɔhaw. Wosusuw sɛ eyi betumi ama yɛanya nea edidi so yi:

• Ɔhaw a ɛwɔ adwene a wɔde si biribi so : Ɛyɛ den sɛ wode w’adwene besi adwuma anaa adesua so.
• Adwene mu ɔbrɛ : Amemene no te nka sɛ wabrɛ yiye.
• Dae a wontumi nna : Ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛda anadwo.
• Ahoɔden a ɛba fam : Sɛ wote nka sɛ biribiara nni hɔ.

Awiei koraa no, nea ɛsɛ sɛ wokae (Take-Home Message) .

Enti, ebia afei woate sɛnea neurotransmitter glutamate ho hia na ɛho nhia ma yɛn amemene ne yɛn ntini a ɛwɔ mfinimfini no ase. Glutamate di dwuma titiriw wɔ yɛn amemene no dwumadi yiye mu, titiriw wɔ nneɛma te sɛ adesua ne nkae a wɔhyehyɛ mu.

Nanso nea ɛho hia sen biara ne sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ glutamate wɔ hɔ bere a ɛfata, mmeae a ɛfata, ne dodow a ɛfata.Sɛ glutamate wɔ amemene no mu, wɔ baabi a ɛnteɛ, dodow a ɛkɔ soro dodo, bere tenten dodo a, ebetumi asɛe amemene no nkwammoaa anaasɛ ekum wɔn mpo. Nyarewa a ɛma ntini mu yare a yɛaka ho asɛm no bi te sɛ Parkinson yare, Alzheimer yare, ne Huntington yare no ne ntini mu nkwammoaa a wɔkanyan no dodo yi wɔ abusuabɔ. Ɔhaw ahorow a ɛwɔ glutamate a wɔyɛ anaa wɔde di dwuma mu nso betumi abata adwenemyare te sɛ autism, adwenemhaw, ne adwenemhaw ho.

Enti, ɛho hia yiye sɛ yehu nnuru sobɔfo nwonwaso yi wɔ yɛn nipadua mu. Sɛ wowɔ ɔhaw anaa adwenem naayɛ bi wɔ eyi ho a, ɛbɛyɛ papa sɛ wobɛhwehwɛ aduruyɛfo afotu. Efisɛ eyinom nyinaa a wɔbɛkari pɛ no ne ade a ɛho hia sen biara ma asetra a ahoɔden wom.

` Glutamate, Amemene, Ntini mu Ntini, Nkae, Adesua, MSG, Adwene mu Akwahosan, Ntini mu Yare