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Hydrocephalus: Momma yensua nea ɛde ba, ne sɛnkyerɛnne, ne ayaresa ho ade wɔ nsɛm a ɛnyɛ den mu

Hydrocephalus: Momma yensua nea ɛde ba, ne sɛnkyerɛnne, ne ayaresa ho ade wɔ nsɛm a ɛnyɛ den mu

Wususuw sɛ wo ba kumaa no ti sõ kakra sen ne mfe? Anaasɛ abusua muni bi a ne mfe akɔ anim afi ase ayɛ den ama no mpofirim sɛ ɔbɛnantew anaasɛ ne werɛ afi? Eyinom betumi ayɛ tebea bi a wɔfrɛ no hydrocephalus a yɛtaa frɛ no ‘nsu a ɛwɔ amemene no so’ ho sɛnkyerɛnne. Mma wo ho nnyɛ wo hu bere a wote eyi no. Ade a ɛho hia sen biara ne sɛ wubehu tebea yi yiye na woakɔ ayaresabea wɔ bere a ɛfata mu. Momma yɛnka eyi ho asɛm nnɛ.

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, dɛn ne Hydrocephalus?

Yɛn amemene nyɛ ade bi a ɛwɔ yɛn ti nhwi mu ara kwa. Wɔabɔ ho ban na ɛsensɛn nsu soronko bi mu. Yɛfrɛ saa nsu yi Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) . Te sɛ ‘shock absorber’ a ɛwɔ kar mu no, saa CSF nsu yi bɔ yɛn amemene ho ban fi ɔsɛe ho bere a ɛwosow anaasɛ ɛbɔ ne ti no. Ɛnyɛ ɛno nko, saa nsu yi nso boa ma amemene no nya aduannuru a ɛho hia na eyi nneɛma fĩ fi amemene no mu.

Saa CSF nsu yi yɛ bere nyinaa wɔ amemene no mu amene nketenkete (ventricles) no mu, di akɔneaba, na ɛsan kɔ nipadua no mu. Fa no sɛ ɛte sɛ nsu a wɔde nsu gu mu a wɔde nsu ahyɛ mu ma, ɛsen fa nsu afiri mu, wɔde di dwuma, na wɔtwe nea aka no kɔ.

Hydrocephalus yɛ tebea a esiane ɔhaw bi a ɛba saa adeyɛ yi mu nti, CSF nsu boaboa ano wɔ amemene no mu amene no mu , na ɛde nhyɛso a ɛho nhia ba amemene no so. Te sɛ bere a nsu paipu asiw no, nsu hyɛn baabiara na ɛbu fa so. Saa nhyɛso yi betumi asɛe amemene no mu ntini.

Nsɛnkyerɛnne bɛn na ɛsakra bere a obi nyin no?

Saa tebea yi ho sɛnkyerɛnne betumi ayɛ soronko kɛse a egyina mfe a obi adi so. Momma yɛnhwɛ sɛnea ɛka mfe a wɔadi biara.

Mfe a wɔadi Nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛtaa ba
Nkokoaa
  • Ti kɛse a ɛnteɛ na enyin ntɛmntɛm.
  • ‘Ahwehwɛ kurukuruwa’ a ɛwɔ ti no atifi (soft sp OT) Mpɔtam hɔ te nka sɛ ahonhon anaasɛ ɛyɛ den.
  • Wɔdan aniwa no kɔ fam (aniwa no owiatɔe).
  • Su bere nyinaa, pow a wɔpow sɛ ɔbɛnom nufusu, ɔfe.
  • Ntini a ɛma obi ho kyere no .
  • Nipadua mu mmerɛwyɛ, onyin a ɛyɛ mmerɛw.
Mmofra nkumaa ne mmofra a wɔrekɔ sukuu
  • Tiyɛ a emu yɛ den, akisikuru ne ɔfe.
  • Anisoadehu mu haw ahorow (anisoadehu mmɔho abien, anisoadehu a ɛyɛ kusuu ).
  • Kari pɛ a wɔhwere bere a wɔnantew, ɔtaa hwe ase.
  • Dae a ɔda dodo, dwumadi a ɛso tew.
  • Nsu a wɔtaa tow anaasɛ wontumi nni nsu a wɔtow so.
  • Suban mu nsakrae, sukuu adwuma ho anigye a wɔhwere.
  • Mpanyimfo
  • Ti a ɛtaa yɛ no yaw.
  • Ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛnantew, ɔhaw ahorow a ɛkari pɛ.
  • Nkae a ɛyera, ɛyɛ den sɛ wode w’adwene besi biribi so.
  • Ɛyɛ den sɛ wobedi nsu a wɔde gu obi so.
  • Sɛ ɛba nnipa a wɔadi boro mfe 60 so a, mpɛn pii no wobetumi adi mfomso aka sɛ ɛyɛ adwenemhaw.
  • Dɛn ne nneɛma atitiriw a ɛde hydrocephalus ba?

    Nneɛma atitiriw abiɛsa nti na ɛte saa:

    1. Blockage: Ɔkwan a CSF nsu fa so no betumi asiw esiane amemene mu akisikuru, akisikuru a nsu ahyɛ mu ma, awo mu dɛmdi, ti a opira, anaa ɔyare a ɛma obi hwe ase nti. Eyi ne ade a ɛtaa de ba.

    2. Poor Absorption: Ebia amemene no mu ntini no tumi twetwe CSF nsu no so tew. Eyi betumi afi nyarewa te sɛ meningitis anaa ɔfe a efi ti a opira mu ba no mu aba.

    3. Nsu a ɛdɔɔso dodo: Wɔ tebea horow bi mu no, amemene no ma CSF nsu pii sen sɛnea nipadua no betumi adi ho dwuma. Mpɛn pii no, eyi betumi ne tebea horow a ɛde ɔyare mmoawa ba nso abata ho.

    Ɔkwan bɛn so na wohu yare no?

    Sɛ wo anaa wo ba da atifi hɔ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no adi a, kɔ oduruyɛfo a ɔfata ntɛm ara.Ɛho hia. Oduruyɛfo no bedi kan ayɛ nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu na wabisa wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne. Afei, wobetumi ahyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu te sɛ eyinom mfa nsi yare no so dua:

    • Ntini mu nhwehwɛmu: Wo kari pɛ, wo ntini ahoɔden, w’ani a wuhu, ne w’adwene dwumadi a wobɛhwɛ.
    • Amemene mu nhwehwɛmu:
    • CT scan (Computerized Tomography scan): Wobetumi de amemene no ho mfonini ahorow a wɔatwa no asinasin adi dwuma de ahu sɛ ebia amemene no mu ntokuru no ayɛ kɛse anaasɛ biribi asiw ano anaa.
    • MRI scan (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Eyi boa ma wonya amemene no ne CSF akwan no ho mfonini a emu da hɔ na ɛkɔ akyiri.
    • Lumbar Puncture / Spinal Tap: Wɔde ade ketewaa bi hyɛ akyi berɛmo no mu de yi CSF nsu kakraa bi. Eyi betumi ama wɔanya nhyɛso a ɛwɔ amemene no mu ne ɔyare mmoawa a ɛwɔ hɔ no ho adwene.
    • Intracranial Pressure Monitoring (ICP): Wɔ tebea horow bi mu no, ebia ebehia sɛ wɔde afiri ketewaa bi hyɛ amemene no mu na ama wɔasusuw nhyɛso a ɛwɔ amemene no mu no tẽẽ.

    Dɛn ne ayaresa ahorow no?

    Botae titiriw a ɛwɔ hydrocephalus a wɔsa mu ne sɛ wobeyi nsu a ɛboro so a aboaboa ano wɔ amemene no mu no afi hɔ na wɔatew nhyɛso a ɛba amemene no so no so.

    Nea ɛho hia ne sɛ wontumi mfa nnuru nsa tebea yi koraa. Nanso wobetumi de oprehyɛn adi so yiye na wubetumi atra ase sɛnea ɛsɛ.

    Ayaresa titiriw ne sɛ wɔde shunt bɛto hɔ .

    Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, shunt yɛ plastic afiri a ɛyɛ tratraa paa na ɛyɛ mmerɛw a wɔde hyɛ honam ani. Ɛyɛ adwuma denam CSF nsu a ɛboro so a ɛboaboa ano wɔ amemene no mu a ɛdan kɔ nipadua no fã foforo (mpɛn pii no yafunu) baabi a ɛnyɛ den sɛ nsu no betumi akɔ no so. Eyi te sɛ nea wɔrebɔ ‘bypass’ foforo ama nsu no asen fa amemene no mu. Sɛ wɔde shunt no si hɔ wie a, ɛho behia sɛ wokɔ wo duruyɛfo nkyɛn daa na ama woahwɛ ahu sɛ ɛreyɛ adwuma yiye.

    Wɔ tebea horow bi mu no, wobetumi ayɛ ayaresa a wɔmfa shunt nni dwuma. Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy (ETV) yɛ oprehyɛn a ɛte saa no mu biako. Wɔ saa adeyɛ yi mu no, wɔde mfoninitwa afiri ketewaa bi (endoscope) hyɛ amemene no mu na wɔyɛ ɔkwan foforo ma CSF no fa mu. Wo duruyɛfo na obesi ayaresa a eye ma wo ho gyinae.

    Hu nsɛnnennen a ebetumi aba wɔ ayaresa akyi.

    Sɛ wɔde shunt bi si hɔ wie a, ebetumi asiw ano anaasɛ ɛbɛnya ɔyare mmoawa. Sɛ eyi ba a, hydrocephalus ho sɛnkyerɛnne no befi ase ada adi bio.

    Hwɛ yiye wɔ nsɛnkyerɛnne yi ho:

    • Tiyɛ, ɔfe
    • Anisoadehu a ɛwɔ afã abien
    • Kɔkɔɔ ne ɛyaw a ɛba shunt no kwan so
    • Atiridiinini a ɛnyɛ nea ɛde ba
    • Dae a ɛma obi da dodo

    Nea ɛho hia paa: Sɛ ɛyɛ den sɛ abofra anaa ɔyarefo no bɛsɔre anaasɛ onnim hwee a, fa wɔn kɔ ayaresabea Ayaresa a Ɛho Hia Ntɛmntɛm (ETU) ntɛm ara, efisɛ ebia wɔwɔ koma mu.

    Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie

    • Hydrocephalus, anaa ‘nsu a ɛwɔ amemene no so’ yɛ tebea a nhyɛso kɔ soro wɔ amemene no mu esiane CSF nsu a ɛboaboa ano nti. Eyi yɛ tebea a emu yɛ den.
    • Nsɛnkyerɛnne no gu ahorow sɛnea mfe a obi adi. Nsɛnkyerɛnne titiriw no betumi ayɛ nkokoaa ti a ɛtrɛw, ne ɔhaw ahorow a ɛfa nantew ne nkae ho wɔ mpanyimfo mu.
    • Ɛho hia paa sɛ wohwehwɛ aduruyɛfo afotu bere a woahu saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi ara pɛ. Sɛ wohu yare no ntɛm a, ɛma ɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ wɔbɛsa no yiye.
    • Ayaresa titiriw ne sɛ wɔde oprehyɛn bɛhyɛ shunt mu. Eyi betumi atra hɔ nkwa nna nyinaa na ɛsɛ sɛ wɔhwɛ mu daa de hwɛ sɛ ɛreyɛ adwuma yiye.
    • Wo ne wo duruyɛfo nni nkitaho, di n’akwankyerɛ akyi yiye, na bɔ sɛnkyerɛnne biara a ɛyɛ hu ho amanneɛ ntɛm ara.

    Hydrocephalus, amemene mu ahonhon, CSF, shunt, akokoaa ti a ɛreyɛ kɛse, tiyɛ, oprehyɛn
    ⚠️ Important: The medical articles and information on Nirogi Lanka are for general awareness only, and are by no means a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For any medical problem you have, consult a qualified physician immediately.

    💬 Comments (0)

    Wɔnnya nyɛɛ nsɛm biara. Fa wo nsɛm no ka ho wɔ ha nea edi kan.

    Fa wo nsɛm no ka ho

    Yɛsrɛ wo bu akontaa: 1 + 6 =
    Hydrocephalus: Momma yensua nea ɛde ba, ne sɛnkyerɛnne, ne ayaresa ho ade wɔ nsɛm a ɛnyɛ den mu
    Mpanyimfo Hwɛ6, Kutawonsa, 2026

    Hydrocephalus: Momma yensua nea ɛde ba, ne sɛnkyerɛnne, ne ayaresa ho ade wɔ nsɛm a ɛnyɛ den mu

    Wususuw sɛ wo ba kumaa no ti sõ kakra sen ne mfe? Anaasɛ abusua muni bi a ne mfe akɔ anim afi ase ayɛ den ama no mpofirim sɛ ɔbɛnantew anaasɛ ne werɛ afi? Eyinom betumi ayɛ tebea bi a wɔfrɛ no hydrocephalus a yɛtaa frɛ no ‘nsu a ɛwɔ amemene no so’ ho sɛnkyerɛnne. Mma wo ho nnyɛ wo hu bere a wote eyi no. Ade a ɛho hia sen biara ne sɛ wubehu tebea yi yiye na woakɔ ayaresabea wɔ bere a ɛfata mu. Momma yɛnka eyi ho asɛm nnɛ.

    Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, dɛn ne Hydrocephalus?

    Yɛn amemene nyɛ ade bi a ɛwɔ yɛn ti nhwi mu ara kwa. Wɔabɔ ho ban na ɛsensɛn nsu soronko bi mu. Yɛfrɛ saa nsu yi Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) . Te sɛ ‘shock absorber’ a ɛwɔ kar mu no, saa CSF nsu yi bɔ yɛn amemene ho ban fi ɔsɛe ho bere a ɛwosow anaasɛ ɛbɔ ne ti no. Ɛnyɛ ɛno nko, saa nsu yi nso boa ma amemene no nya aduannuru a ɛho hia na eyi nneɛma fĩ fi amemene no mu.

    Saa CSF nsu yi yɛ bere nyinaa wɔ amemene no mu amene nketenkete (ventricles) no mu, di akɔneaba, na ɛsan kɔ nipadua no mu. Fa no sɛ ɛte sɛ nsu a wɔde nsu gu mu a wɔde nsu ahyɛ mu ma, ɛsen fa nsu afiri mu, wɔde di dwuma, na wɔtwe nea aka no kɔ.

    Hydrocephalus yɛ tebea a esiane ɔhaw bi a ɛba saa adeyɛ yi mu nti, CSF nsu boaboa ano wɔ amemene no mu amene no mu , na ɛde nhyɛso a ɛho nhia ba amemene no so. Te sɛ bere a nsu paipu asiw no, nsu hyɛn baabiara na ɛbu fa so. Saa nhyɛso yi betumi asɛe amemene no mu ntini.

    Nsɛnkyerɛnne bɛn na ɛsakra bere a obi nyin no?

    Saa tebea yi ho sɛnkyerɛnne betumi ayɛ soronko kɛse a egyina mfe a obi adi so. Momma yɛnhwɛ sɛnea ɛka mfe a wɔadi biara.

    Mfe a wɔadi Nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛtaa ba
    Nkokoaa
    • Ti kɛse a ɛnteɛ na enyin ntɛmntɛm.
    • ‘Ahwehwɛ kurukuruwa’ a ɛwɔ ti no atifi (soft sp OT) Mpɔtam hɔ te nka sɛ ahonhon anaasɛ ɛyɛ den.
    • Wɔdan aniwa no kɔ fam (aniwa no owiatɔe).
    • Su bere nyinaa, pow a wɔpow sɛ ɔbɛnom nufusu, ɔfe.
    • Ntini a ɛma obi ho kyere no .
    • Nipadua mu mmerɛwyɛ, onyin a ɛyɛ mmerɛw.
    Mmofra nkumaa ne mmofra a wɔrekɔ sukuu
  • Tiyɛ a emu yɛ den, akisikuru ne ɔfe.
  • Anisoadehu mu haw ahorow (anisoadehu mmɔho abien, anisoadehu a ɛyɛ kusuu ).
  • Kari pɛ a wɔhwere bere a wɔnantew, ɔtaa hwe ase.
  • Dae a ɔda dodo, dwumadi a ɛso tew.
  • Nsu a wɔtaa tow anaasɛ wontumi nni nsu a wɔtow so.
  • Suban mu nsakrae, sukuu adwuma ho anigye a wɔhwere.
  • Mpanyimfo
  • Ti a ɛtaa yɛ no yaw.
  • Ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛnantew, ɔhaw ahorow a ɛkari pɛ.
  • Nkae a ɛyera, ɛyɛ den sɛ wode w’adwene besi biribi so.
  • Ɛyɛ den sɛ wobedi nsu a wɔde gu obi so.
  • Sɛ ɛba nnipa a wɔadi boro mfe 60 so a, mpɛn pii no wobetumi adi mfomso aka sɛ ɛyɛ adwenemhaw.
  • Dɛn ne nneɛma atitiriw a ɛde hydrocephalus ba?

    Nneɛma atitiriw abiɛsa nti na ɛte saa:

    1. Blockage: Ɔkwan a CSF nsu fa so no betumi asiw esiane amemene mu akisikuru, akisikuru a nsu ahyɛ mu ma, awo mu dɛmdi, ti a opira, anaa ɔyare a ɛma obi hwe ase nti. Eyi ne ade a ɛtaa de ba.

    2. Poor Absorption: Ebia amemene no mu ntini no tumi twetwe CSF nsu no so tew. Eyi betumi afi nyarewa te sɛ meningitis anaa ɔfe a efi ti a opira mu ba no mu aba.

    3. Nsu a ɛdɔɔso dodo: Wɔ tebea horow bi mu no, amemene no ma CSF nsu pii sen sɛnea nipadua no betumi adi ho dwuma. Mpɛn pii no, eyi betumi ne tebea horow a ɛde ɔyare mmoawa ba nso abata ho.

    Ɔkwan bɛn so na wohu yare no?

    Sɛ wo anaa wo ba da atifi hɔ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no adi a, kɔ oduruyɛfo a ɔfata ntɛm ara.Ɛho hia. Oduruyɛfo no bedi kan ayɛ nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu na wabisa wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne. Afei, wobetumi ahyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu te sɛ eyinom mfa nsi yare no so dua:

    • Ntini mu nhwehwɛmu: Wo kari pɛ, wo ntini ahoɔden, w’ani a wuhu, ne w’adwene dwumadi a wobɛhwɛ.
    • Amemene mu nhwehwɛmu:
    • CT scan (Computerized Tomography scan): Wobetumi de amemene no ho mfonini ahorow a wɔatwa no asinasin adi dwuma de ahu sɛ ebia amemene no mu ntokuru no ayɛ kɛse anaasɛ biribi asiw ano anaa.
    • MRI scan (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Eyi boa ma wonya amemene no ne CSF akwan no ho mfonini a emu da hɔ na ɛkɔ akyiri.
    • Lumbar Puncture / Spinal Tap: Wɔde ade ketewaa bi hyɛ akyi berɛmo no mu de yi CSF nsu kakraa bi. Eyi betumi ama wɔanya nhyɛso a ɛwɔ amemene no mu ne ɔyare mmoawa a ɛwɔ hɔ no ho adwene.
    • Intracranial Pressure Monitoring (ICP): Wɔ tebea horow bi mu no, ebia ebehia sɛ wɔde afiri ketewaa bi hyɛ amemene no mu na ama wɔasusuw nhyɛso a ɛwɔ amemene no mu no tẽẽ.

    Dɛn ne ayaresa ahorow no?

    Botae titiriw a ɛwɔ hydrocephalus a wɔsa mu ne sɛ wobeyi nsu a ɛboro so a aboaboa ano wɔ amemene no mu no afi hɔ na wɔatew nhyɛso a ɛba amemene no so no so.

    Nea ɛho hia ne sɛ wontumi mfa nnuru nsa tebea yi koraa. Nanso wobetumi de oprehyɛn adi so yiye na wubetumi atra ase sɛnea ɛsɛ.

    Ayaresa titiriw ne sɛ wɔde shunt bɛto hɔ .

    Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, shunt yɛ plastic afiri a ɛyɛ tratraa paa na ɛyɛ mmerɛw a wɔde hyɛ honam ani. Ɛyɛ adwuma denam CSF nsu a ɛboro so a ɛboaboa ano wɔ amemene no mu a ɛdan kɔ nipadua no fã foforo (mpɛn pii no yafunu) baabi a ɛnyɛ den sɛ nsu no betumi akɔ no so. Eyi te sɛ nea wɔrebɔ ‘bypass’ foforo ama nsu no asen fa amemene no mu. Sɛ wɔde shunt no si hɔ wie a, ɛho behia sɛ wokɔ wo duruyɛfo nkyɛn daa na ama woahwɛ ahu sɛ ɛreyɛ adwuma yiye.

    Wɔ tebea horow bi mu no, wobetumi ayɛ ayaresa a wɔmfa shunt nni dwuma. Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy (ETV) yɛ oprehyɛn a ɛte saa no mu biako. Wɔ saa adeyɛ yi mu no, wɔde mfoninitwa afiri ketewaa bi (endoscope) hyɛ amemene no mu na wɔyɛ ɔkwan foforo ma CSF no fa mu. Wo duruyɛfo na obesi ayaresa a eye ma wo ho gyinae.

    Hu nsɛnnennen a ebetumi aba wɔ ayaresa akyi.

    Sɛ wɔde shunt bi si hɔ wie a, ebetumi asiw ano anaasɛ ɛbɛnya ɔyare mmoawa. Sɛ eyi ba a, hydrocephalus ho sɛnkyerɛnne no befi ase ada adi bio.

    Hwɛ yiye wɔ nsɛnkyerɛnne yi ho:

    • Tiyɛ, ɔfe
    • Anisoadehu a ɛwɔ afã abien
    • Kɔkɔɔ ne ɛyaw a ɛba shunt no kwan so
    • Atiridiinini a ɛnyɛ nea ɛde ba
    • Dae a ɛma obi da dodo

    Nea ɛho hia paa: Sɛ ɛyɛ den sɛ abofra anaa ɔyarefo no bɛsɔre anaasɛ onnim hwee a, fa wɔn kɔ ayaresabea Ayaresa a Ɛho Hia Ntɛmntɛm (ETU) ntɛm ara, efisɛ ebia wɔwɔ koma mu.

    Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie

    • Hydrocephalus, anaa ‘nsu a ɛwɔ amemene no so’ yɛ tebea a nhyɛso kɔ soro wɔ amemene no mu esiane CSF nsu a ɛboaboa ano nti. Eyi yɛ tebea a emu yɛ den.
    • Nsɛnkyerɛnne no gu ahorow sɛnea mfe a obi adi. Nsɛnkyerɛnne titiriw no betumi ayɛ nkokoaa ti a ɛtrɛw, ne ɔhaw ahorow a ɛfa nantew ne nkae ho wɔ mpanyimfo mu.
    • Ɛho hia paa sɛ wohwehwɛ aduruyɛfo afotu bere a woahu saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi ara pɛ. Sɛ wohu yare no ntɛm a, ɛma ɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ wɔbɛsa no yiye.
    • Ayaresa titiriw ne sɛ wɔde oprehyɛn bɛhyɛ shunt mu. Eyi betumi atra hɔ nkwa nna nyinaa na ɛsɛ sɛ wɔhwɛ mu daa de hwɛ sɛ ɛreyɛ adwuma yiye.
    • Wo ne wo duruyɛfo nni nkitaho, di n’akwankyerɛ akyi yiye, na bɔ sɛnkyerɛnne biara a ɛyɛ hu ho amanneɛ ntɛm ara.

    Hydrocephalus, amemene mu ahonhon, CSF, shunt, akokoaa ti a ɛreyɛ kɛse, tiyɛ, oprehyɛn
    ⚠️ Important: The medical articles and information on Nirogi Lanka are for general awareness only, and are by no means a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For any medical problem you have, consult a qualified physician immediately.

    💬 Comments (0)

    Wɔnnya nyɛɛ nsɛm biara. Fa wo nsɛm no ka ho wɔ ha nea edi kan.

    Fa wo nsɛm no ka ho

    Yɛsrɛ wo bu akontaa: 1 + 6 =