So woakɔ ayaresabea pɛn? Anaasɛ woakɔ akɔhwɛ ɔyarefo bi pɛn? Ebia wobɛkae bere a ansa na wɔbɛyɛ oprehyɛn kɛse anaa sɔhwɛ titiriw bi no, na oduruyɛfo anaa ɔyarehwɛfo bi de fael bi ba na ɔka sɛ, "Fa wo nsa hyɛ eyi ase." Ɛtɔ mmere bi a yɛn nyinaa de yɛn nsa hyɛ ase a yensusuw ho pii. Nanso so wunim sɛ saa nsaano nkyerɛwee no nyɛ agyiraehyɛde a ɛwɔ krataa bi so kɛkɛ, na mmom ɛyɛ gyinaesi a ɛho hia sen biara a wubesi wɔ w’akwahosan ho? Ɛno ne nea yɛfrɛ no "Informed Consent."
Dɛn ne ‘Mpene a Wɔde Amanneɛ Ma’?
Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, pene a wɔde nimdeɛ ma ne ɔkwan a wɔfa so nya wo pene denam ayaresa anaa sɔhwɛ a worekɔyɛ no ho asɛm a wɔbɛka akyerɛ wo koraa no so. Ɛnyɛ nsaano nkyerɛwee kɛkɛ. Ɛyɛ nkɔmmɔbɔ a ɛho hia yiye a ɛda wo ne oduruyɛfo a ɔresa wo yare no ntam.
Wɔ saa nkɔmmɔbɔ yi mu no, nneɛma kakraa bi wɔ hɔ a ɛsɛ sɛ oduruyɛfo no kyerɛkyerɛ mu kyerɛ wo:
- Ayaresa/sɔhwɛ bɛn na wɔbɛyɛ: Dɛn ankasa na wɔbɛyɛ wo? Wɔfrɛ no dɛn? Wɔbɛyɛ dɛn?
- Mfaso: Dɛn na wubenya afi ayaresa yi mu? So wo yare no bɛtu mpɔn? So wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no so bɛtew?
- Asiane ne nea efi mu ba: Aduruyɛ mu akwan horow nyinaa de asiane bi ba. Sɛ nhwɛso no, sɛnea ebetumi aba sɛ kuru bi bɛnya ɔyare mmoawa bere a wɔayɛ no oprehyɛn akyi, sɛnea ebetumi aba sɛ obi ho nyɛ no hyew wɔ aduru a wɔde kum nipadua no ho, anaasɛ nnuru bi a ebetumi afi mu aba. Ɛsɛ sɛ wɔkyerɛkyerɛ eyinom nyinaa mu kyerɛ wo pefee.
- Akwan foforo a wubetumi afa so: So ayaresa afoforo wɔ hɔ a wubetumi apaw aka eyi ho? Dɛn ne wɔn? Dɛn ne wɔn mfaso ne wɔn bɔne?
- Sɛ woannya ayaresa a, nea ɛbɛba: Dɛn na ebetumi ato w’akwahosan sɛ wopow saa ayaresa yi a.
Bere a oduruyɛfo no akyerɛkyerɛ eyinom nyinaa mu awie no, ɛsɛ sɛ ɔma wo hokwan bisa nsɛm biara a wowɔ. Sɛ wote biribiara ase na woka sɛ, "Okay, m'ani agye eyi ho," ɛno ne nea wɔfrɛ no "Giving Consent." Eyi yɛ biribi a mmara ne aduruyɛ mu abrabɔ pa ho mmara nso hyɛ.
Dɛn nti na pene a wɔde nimdeɛ ma yi ho hia saa?
Fa no sɛ wo ne w’adamfo bi reyɛ akwantu ho nhyehyɛe. W’adamfo no nka baabi a wɔrekɔ, sika dodow a wɔbɛbɔ, anaa nea wɔbɛyɛ nkyerɛ wo. Sɛ wɔka kɛkɛ sɛ, "Momma yɛnkɔ" a, so wobɛkɔ? Dabi, bere a woate nsɛm no nyinaa na wo ho atɔ wo wɔ ho akyi nkutoo na wokɔ. Saa na ɛte wɔ eyi ho.
Adeyɛ a ɛfa pene a wɔde nimdeɛ pene so no bɔ wo ne wo duruyɛfo nyinaa ho ban.
- Ahobammɔ a wunya no:Wunim nea ɛbɛto wo yiye. Enti ɛnsɛ sɛ wunu wo ho akyiri yi, na woka sɛ, "Oh, na minnim sɛ eyi bɛba." Wo na wowɔ asɛm a etwa to wɔ nea wode wo nipadua yɛ no mu. Eyi ma wunya ahotoso ne ahoɔden pii.
- Ahobammɔ ma oduruyɛfo: Sɛ wɔkyerɛkyerɛ biribiara mu na wɔyɛ ayaresa a ɔyarefo no pene so a, wobetumi akwati mmara mu nsɛm ne ntease a ɛnteɛ a ebetumi aba akyiri yi no kɛse.
Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, eyi ma woyɛ obi a ɔde ne ho hyɛ w’ankasa akwahosan ho nhyehyɛe mu denneennen . Ɛnyɛ obi a wo nsa ka ayaresa kɛkɛ, na mmom woyɛ gyinaesi nhyehyɛe no fã.
Nneɛma bɛn na ɛhwehwɛ sɛ wɔpene so a wofi nimdeɛ mu?
Mpɛn pii no, ɛsɛ sɛ wopene so a wubehu ansa na wɔayɛ nhwehwɛmu anaa ayaresa biara a asiane biara wom. Nea ɛka eyi ho ne honam fam asiane ahorow ne asiane ahorow a ɛwɔ wo kokoam nsɛm mu. Pon a ɛwɔ ase ha no kyerɛ tebea horow yi bi pefee.
| Aduruyɛ mu nhyehyɛe/hokwan | Nkyerɛkyerɛmu a ɛnyɛ den |
|---|---|
| Sɛɛgyiri | Oprehyɛn biara , kɛse anaa ketewa. |
| Anesthesia a wɔde kum nipadua no | Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wɔbɛma wo aduru a wɔde kum nipadua no nyinaa anaa ne fã bi ansa na wɔayɛ oprehyɛn. |
| Biopsies a wɔde yɛ nipadua no | Ntini ketewaa bi a wobegye afi nipadua no mu na wɔahwehwɛ mu. |
| Mogya a Wɔde Ma | Mogya a wode bɛma wo nipadua afi abɔnten. |
| Kokoram ayaresa | Ayaresa te sɛ mframa a wɔde sa yare ne nnuru a wɔde sa yare. |
| Ayaresa mu Sɔhwɛ ahorow | Sɛ wode wo ho hyɛ nhwehwɛmu bi a ɛfa aduru anaa ayaresa foforo bi ho mu a. |
| Sɔhwɛ ahorow a wɔyɛ wɔ nipadua no mu | Sɛ nhwɛso no, sɔhwɛ ahorow a ɛfa mfoninitwa afiri a wɔde hyɛ nipadua no mu, te sɛ endoscopy. |
| Nnuru a asiane kɛse wom | Ansa na wɔde nnuru a asiane kɛse wom, te sɛ nnuru a ano yɛ den bi a wɔde kum ɛyaw (e.g., opioids) bɛma. |
Bio nso, sɛ wɔde w’ankasa ho nsɛm te sɛ w’ayaresa ho kyerɛwtohɔ ma obi anaa ahyehyɛde foforo a, ɛsɛ sɛ wopene so nso.
Dɛn na ɛkyerɛ ankasa sɛ wobɛka sɛ ‘Mede me penee so’?
Sɛ wode wo nsa hyɛ ase na wopene so a, na woreka sɛ, "Oduruyɛfo no kyerɛkyerɛɛ biribiara mu kyerɛɛ me, mete ne nyinaa ase, enti mɛpɛ sɛ wonya saa ayaresa yi."
Nanso ade a ɛho hia sen biara wɔ ha ne eyi.
Ɛnsɛ sɛ woyɛ no esiane sɛ wode wo nsa hyɛɛ ase nti kɛkɛ. Wubetumi atwe wo pene bere biara, ɛnyɛ ansa na ayaresa no afi ase nko, na mmom bere a woafi ase mpo sɛ wote nka sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wugyae a.
Eyi ne hokwan titiriw a wowɔ. Sɛ w’adwene mu yɛ wo naa anaasɛ wote nka sɛ wo ho nyɛ wo dɛ a, wowɔ hokwan koraa sɛ wobɛsrɛ sɛ wonnyae ayaresa no bere biara.
So nsɛm titiriw bi wɔ hɔ a ɛho nhia sɛ wɔde nimdeɛ pene so?
Yiw, wɔ tebea horow bi a egye ntɛmpɛ ne nsɛm titiriw bi mu no, ɛsɛ sɛ nnuruyɛfo sa yare a wɔmfa saa ayaresa yi nyinaa nka ho. Nsɛm a ɛtete saa no bi ni:
- Sɛ ntɛmpɛ bi si a: Fa no sɛ wɔde obi a onnim hwee bere a wahyia akwanhyia a emu yɛ den wɔ kwan so no aba ETU (Emergency Treatment Unit). Ontumi nkasa, onnim onipa ko a ɔyɛ mpo. Nanso oprehyɛn a egye ntɛmpɛ ho hia na ama wɔagye ne nkwa. Wɔ tebea a ɛte saa mu no, nnuruyɛfo fi ayaresa ase a wɔn botae ne sɛ wobegye nkwa, a wɔntwɛn ɔyarefo no pene. Nanso wɔbɔ mmɔden nso sɛ wɔbɛhwehwɛ abusua no na wɔabɔ amanneɛ ntɛm ara sɛnea wobetumi.
- Bere a ɔyarefo no yare dodo sɛ obesi gyinae: Obi a ɔwɔ coma mu anaasɛ n’adwene ntumi nsi gyinae no ntumi mma ne pene. Wɔ nsɛm a ɛtete saa mu no, wonya pene fi mmara kwan so ɔhwɛfo anaa abusuafo a wɔbɛn no hɔ.
- Mmofra a wonnii mfe 18: Mpɛn pii no, wɔ Sri Lanka mmara ase no, abofra no awofo anaa wɔn a wɔhwɛ abofra no so wɔ mmara kwan so na wosisi ayaresa ho gyinae ma abofra a onnii mfe 18. Enti, sɛ wɔyɛ abofra bi biribi te sɛ oprehyɛn a, wɔn na ɛsɛ sɛ wɔde wɔn nsa hyɛ ase na wɔpene so.
Sɛ yehia ayaresa, titiriw sɛ ɛyɛ ntɛmpɛ a, yebetumi ate ehu ne dadwen nka kakra. Ebia yɛrente nsɛm a nnuruyɛfo no ka, aduruyɛ mu nsɛm ase. Wɔ mmere a ɛte saa mu no, ebia yebesusuw sɛ, "Oo, mintumi nsi saa nneɛma yi ho gyinae."
Nanso kae sɛ, wonyɛ obi a wuntumi nyɛ hwee. Wɔayɛ saa nhyehyɛe yi a ɛfa Informed Consent ho sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a ɛbɛma wo tumi. Bisa nsɛm kosi sɛ wobɛte ase. Ɛnyɛ pɛnkoro pɛ na bisa, na mmom mpɛn du. Nsuro sɛ wobɛbisa sɛ, "Oduruyɛfoɔ, mante nea wokaeɛ no ase, wobɛtumi de nsɛm a ɛnyɛ den akyerɛkyerɛ mu bio?" Ɛno ne wo hokwan. Ade a ɛho hia sen biara ne sɛ wode ntease a edi mũ besi wo nipadua ho gyinae.
Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie
- Informed Consent nyɛ nsaano nkyerɛwee kɛkɛ. Ɛyɛ nkɔmmɔbɔ a ɛho hia wɔ wo ne wo duruyɛfo ntam.
- Ansa na wobɛyɛ ayaresa anaa nhwehwɛmu biara no, wowɔ hokwan sɛ wuhu mfaso a ɛwɔ so, asiane ahorow, ne akwan afoforo a wubetumi afa so .
- Sɛ woanhu biribi mu pefee a, nsuro da sɛ wubebisa nsɛm kosi sɛ wobɛte ase .
- Sɛ wode wo nsa hyɛ ase na wopene so mpo a, wowɔ hokwan koraa sɛ wotwe saa pene no bere biara .
- Wɔ tebea a egye ntɛmpɛ a ɛde wo nkwa to asiane mu a wuntumi nkasa mu no, nnuruyɛfo betumi asa wo yare a wɔmpɛ sɛ wogye wo nkwa.
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