Wo mogya ka asɛm no - Biribiara a ɛfa Mogya Kan a Edi Mu (CBC) ho!

Ɛnnɛ yɛrebɛka biribi a ɛho hia me ne wo paa ho asɛm. Ɛno yɛ sɔhwɛ a wɔyɛ wɔ mogya a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu no ho. Ebia woate oduruyɛfo bi sɛ, "Momma yɛnyɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu" bere a wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn no? Mogya mu nhwehwɛmu yi mu baako a ɛtaa ba na ɛho hia ne "Complete Blood Count (CBC)". Eyi betumi ama yɛahu adwumayɛfo nkumaa ne awɛmfo a wɔwɔ yɛn nipadua mu no ho nsɛm pii. Enti, momma yɛnhwɛ nea saa `CBC` sɔhwɛ yi yɛ, nea enti a wɔyɛ, ne nea ɛka kyerɛ yɛn?

Dɛn ne mogya, na dɛn nti na ɛsom bo ma yɛn saa?

Wo de susuw ho hwɛ, yɛn nipadua te sɛ kurow kɛse bi. Akwan bi wɔ hɔ a wɔfa so de nneɛma, nkrasɛm, ne nwura kɔ kurow yi mu baabiara, ɛnte saa? Saa na mogya a ɛnam yɛn ntini mu no te. Nneɛma a ɛyɛ nwonwa pii wɔ mogya yi mu, ɛte sɛ wiase ketewaa bi! Afã abiɛsa titiriw na yɛde yɛn adwene si so wɔ saa `CBC` sɔhwɛ yi mu.

Red Blood Cells - Yɛn nipadua mu nkwaboaa

So wunim onii a ɔde mframa pa a ɛba ahurututu mu bere a yɛhome kɔ nipadua no mu nkwammoaa ketewaa biara mu, fi yɛn nsateaa ano kosi amemene mu nkwammoaa mu no kɔ? Saa ɔsom kɛse no, mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ, anaa `Red Blood Cells (RBCs) na ɛyɛ. Eyinom te sɛ diski nketewa kurukuruwa a wɔde ahyɛ mu. Eyinom ne nea ɛde oxygen kɔ nipadua no mu nyinaa, kyekyɛ kɔ nkwammoaa biara mu, na ɛde saa nkwammoaa no mu nwura, `Carbon Dioxide`, san ba ahurututu no mu. Yenya ahoɔden de tu mmirika, huruw, yɛ adwuma, na yesusuw nneɛma ho efisɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ yi yɛ wɔn adwuma yiye. Sɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ yi sua a, yɛka nsɛm te sɛ ``anemic'', ``pale'', ``ɔbrɛ kakra'', ``te nka sɛ yɛabrɛ''. Nnuruyɛfo nso frɛ saa tebea yi `` mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ nipadua mu ''.

White Blood Cells - Nipadua no Bammɔ Asraafo

Afei hwɛ, sɛ mmoawa a wɔde nyarewa ba, te sɛ mmoawa, mmoawa, ne fungi, bɔ mmɔden sɛ wɔbɛhyɛn yɛn nipadua mu a, so obi wɔ hɔ a ɔbɛko atia? Ɛno ne nea mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa, anaa `White Blood Cells (WBCs), yɛ ma. Saa nnipa yi te sɛ asraafo ne polisifo a wɔwɔ yɛn man yi mu. Saa mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa yi ne yɛn nipadua no nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa no fã a ɛho hia sen biara .

Mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa yi ahorow pii wɔ hɔ, na emu biara wɔ adwuma pɔtee bi a wɔde ama no.

• Mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa binom kɔ mmoawa no nkyɛn tẽẽ na ‘wodi wɔn’ (wɔfrɛ eyi `Phagocytosis`).
• Afoforo nso yɛ protein soronko a wɔfrɛ no `antibodies` a ɛko tia saa mmoawa no. Saa nnuru a ɛko tia nyarewa yi bata mmoawa no ho na ɛma wɔnyɛ adwuma.

Enti, sɛ yɛn nipadua nya ɔyare mmoawa a, mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa yi dodow kɔ soro de siesie yɛn ho ma ɔko. Saa ara na wɔ tebea horow bi a ɛma obi ho yɛ no yaw mu no, mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa yi ahorow bi nso betumi adɔɔso.

Platelets - akokodurufo nketewa a wogyae mogya

So wokae bere a wohwee ase bere a woredi agoru anaasɛ wode sekan twaa wo nsa bere a woretwitwa nhabannuru, na mogya no gyaee bere tiaa bi akyi no? Ɛno ne nea mogya nkwammoaa, anaa `Platelets` (edin foforo ne `Thrombocytes`), boa. Eyinom nyɛ nkwammoaa mũ ankasa, na mmom asinasin a ɛpaapae fi nkwammoaa akɛse a ɛwɔ nnompe mu ntini mu. Nanso ɛwom sɛ wɔyɛ nketewa de, nanso wɔyɛ adwuma kɛse. Sɛ mogya ntini bi sɛe wɔ baabi na mogya fi ase pue a, saa mogya nkwammoaa yi na ɛba hɔ ntɛmntɛm na ɛbata ho, na ɛyɛ ahama de to kuru no mu. Te sɛ bere a tokuru bi si culvert mu wɔ ɔkwan bi so no, wɔde abo ne anhwea hyɛ mu ma. Wɔfrɛ eyi mogya a ɛtwetwe . Sɛ mogya nkwammoaa yi dodow so tew a, ebetumi ayɛ den sɛ wobegyae mogya a efi kuru ketewaa bi mpo mu. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, mogya betumi atu anom, na nipadua no betumi adan bruu kɛkɛ wɔ mmeae bi (te sɛ nea wɔabɔ no ara kwa).

Enti dɛn ne Mogya Dodow a Edi Mu (CBC) nhwehwɛmu yi?

Okay, seesei wowɔ adwene kakra wɔ asraafoɔ ne adwumayɛfoɔ titire a wɔwɔ wo mogya mu no ho. Enti, saa `Complete Blood Count (CBC)` yi yɛ sɔhwɛ a ɛkyerɛ sɛnea mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ, mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa, ne mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ yi mu dodow a ɛwɔ wo mogya nhwɛsode bi mu. Ɛnyɛ ɛno nko, na mmom ebetumi asusuw nsɛm afoforo a ɛho hia a ɛfa saa nkwammoaa yi ho nso, sɛ nhwɛso no, sɛnea mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ no kɛse anaa ketewa (kyerɛ sɛ, ne kɛse), sɛnea wɔn nsusuwii te, ne sɛnea hemoglobin `(Haemoglobin anaa Hb)`, protein a ɛho hia sen biara wɔ mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ no mu a ɛde oxygen kɔ no, te. Ɛsan nso hwɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa ahorow biara mu dodow a ɛwɔ hɔ.

Oduruyɛfo betumi ahyɛ saa ``CBC`` nhwehwɛmu yi esiane nneɛma ahorow nti.

• Hwehwɛ sɛ wowɔ yare bi anaa: Sɛ wowɔ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow te sɛ atiridiinini, nipadua mu yaw, ɔbrɛ a ɛtra so, wo ho yɛ fitaa, ne ɔyare mmoawa a wotaa nya a, eyi betumi aboa ma woahu sɛ ebia nea ɛde ba no fi ɔyare mmoawa, mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ nipadua mu, anaa ɔhaw foforo bi.
• Hwɛ sɛnea yare bi a ɛwɔ hɔ dedaw no te: Wɔ nyarewa bi mu (e.g. leukemia, nyarewa bi a nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa) no, nsakrae ba mogya nkwammoaa no mu. Enti, CBC no nso boa ma wohu sɛ ebia wɔatumi adi yare no so ne sɛ ebia ayaresa no reyɛ adwuma anaa.
• Hwɛ sɛnea nnuru bi nya nkɛntɛnso: Nnuru bi (sɛ nhwɛso no, nnuru a wɔde sa yare, nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa) betumi aka nnompe mu ntini a ɛma mogya mu nkwammoaa no. Enti, sɛ wɔma wo saa nnuru no a, wɔtaa yɛ nhwehwɛmu yi de hwɛ sɛ ebia ɛresɛe biribi anaasɛ ɛretew mogya mu nkwammoaa dodow so anaa.
• Ansa na wɔbɛyɛ oprehyɛn kɛse: CBC ho hia ansa na wɔayɛ oprehyɛn de ahwɛ sɛ mogya no dodow fata, sɛ mogya no tumi tu yiye, ne sɛ ebia ɔyare mmoawa bi wɔ hɔ anaa.
• Sɛ́ akwahosan ho nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ daa no fã no:Sɛ yare biara nni hɔ mpo a, ɛtɔ mmere bi a wobetumi ayɛ CBC sɛ afe afe nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ de hwɛ sɛ biribiara reyɛ adwuma yiye wɔ yɛn nipadua mu no fã. Mmere bi wɔ hɔ a ebetumi aboa yɛn ma yɛahu ntɛm, sɛ ɛyɛ yare a efi ase wɔ yɛn mu a yennim mpo a.

Dɛn na yebetumi asua afi CBC sɔhwɛ mu?

Sɛ wohu akontabuo ne nkyerɛwde pii wɔ saa `CBC` amanneɛbɔ yi mu a, ebia woredwene sɛ, "Oh, dɛn ne eyi?" Nsuro. Wo duruyɛfo nkutoo na obetumi akyerɛ amanneɛbɔ yi ase yiye na wama wo afotu a ɛfa wo tebea no ho pɔtee. Nanso sɛ yɛpɛ nsɛm a ɛfa biribiara ho a, momma yɛnhwɛ nneɛma atitiriw a ɛka no bi.

Nneɛma a ɛsɛ sɛ wohwɛ fi mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ (RBC) adwene mu:

• Red Blood Cell Count (RBC Count): Eyi ne mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ dodow a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu nyinaa. Sɛ eyi sua sen sɛnea ɛte daa a, ebetumi akyerɛ sɛ mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ nipadua no mu.
• Hemoglobin (Hb): Eyi ne protein a ɛwɔ mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ mu a ɛde mframa pa kɔ. Saa dodow yi a ɛso tew nso yɛ mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ nipadua mu ho sɛnkyerɛnne titiriw. Ɛsono gyinapɛn ahorow a ɛfata ma mmarima, mmea, mmofra nkumaa, ne mmea a wɔyem.
• Hematocrit (Hct) / Packed Cell Volume (PCV): Eyi kyerɛ wo mogya mu ɔha biara mu nkyem ahe na mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ na ɛwom. Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, ɛte sɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu no ‘kɛse’. Eyi nso boa ma wuhu sɛ mogya a ɛtɔ wo mu wɔ wo mu anaa. Nnuruyɛfo nso hwɛ sɛnea saa `PCV` botae yi sesa wɔ nyarewa te sɛ dengue mu.
• MCV (Mean Corpuscular Volume), MCH (Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin), MCHC (Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration), RDW (Red Cell Distribution Width): Saa Borɔfo nkyerɛwde yi kyerɛ wo sɛ wɔkyekyem pɛpɛɛpɛ a, wo mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ no kɛse te, hemoglobin (Hb) dodow a ɛwɔ mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ biako mu, sɛnea hemoglobin no mu yɛ duru wɔ mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ no mu, ne sɛnea ɛyɛ kɛse mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ (i.e. ne kɛse ahorow). Eyinom ne nneɛma a wo duruyɛfo betumi de ahu sɛ ebia mogya atɔ wo, sɛ ebia efi mogya a ɛtɔ wo ho a iron nni mu, vitamin B12 anaa folic acid a enni nipadua mu (Megaloblastic Anaemia), tebea bi a wonya fi awo mu te sɛ thalassaemia, anaa biribi foforo.

Nneɛma a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛhwɛ wɔ mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa (WBC) ho:

• White Blood Cell Count (WBC Count): Eyi ne mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa dodow a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu nyinaa. Sɛ eyi dɔɔso sen sɛnea ɛte daa a, ɛtaa fi ɔyare mmoawa anaa ɔfe bi a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu baabi. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, dodow yi betumi ayɛ kɛse wɔ ɔkwan a ɛnteɛ so wɔ kokoram tebea horow te sɛ mogya mu kokoram mu. Sɛ dodow yi sua sen sɛnea ɛte daa a, ɛyɛ ɔhaw nso . Ebetumi afi mmoawa bi a wɔde nyarewa ba (sɛ nhwɛso no, dengue mfiase), nnompe mu ntini mu haw, anaa nnuru bi.
• Nsonsonoe a Wɔde Di Dwuma (DC): .Eyi kyerɛ wo mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa ahorow (titiriw) dodow a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ ɔha biara mu nkyem.
• Neutrophils: Eyinom ne asraafo atitiriw a wɔko tia ɔyare mmoawa. Wɔn ɔha biara mu nkyem ne dodow a edi mũ kɔ soro bere a mmoawa a wɔde nyarewa ba no.
• Lymphocytes: Eyinom boa ma wɔko tia mmoawa a wɔde nyarewa ba na ɛma nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa. Wɔ ɔyare mmoawa atiridii te sɛ dengue mu no, wɔn ɔha biara mu nkyem betumi akɔ soro, bere a neutrophils ɔha biara mu nkyem betumi akɔ fam (wɔfrɛ eyi `Relative Lymphocytosis`).
• Monocytes: Eyinom nso yɛ adwuma tia nyarewa, ‘ɛtew’ nkwammoaa a awuwu ne mmoawa ho.
• Eosinophils: Eyinom betumi akɔ soro wɔ tebea horow a ɛma obi ho yɛ no hyew (sɛ nhwɛso no, ayamtu, akisikuru, mfutuma mu nwansena ho akisikuru) ne ɔyare mmoawa a wɔsɛe nnɔbae (sɛ nhwɛso no, pinworms).
• Basophils: Eyinom nso ho hia wɔ akisikuru ne tebea horow bi a ɛma obi ho hyehye no mu.

Nneɛma a ɛsɛ sɛ wususuw ho wɔ mogya nkwammoaa mu nhwehwɛmu kwan so:

• Mprɛte Dodow: Eyi ne mogya mu nkwammoaa dodow a ɛboa ma mogya no tu. Sɛ eyinom sua sen sɛnea ɛte daa (wɔfrɛ eyi `Thrombocytopenia`) a, hokwan kɛse wɔ hɔ sɛ mogya bɛtu. Ebia woate sɛnea mogya nkwammoaa yi so tew wɔ dengue atiridii bere mu no ho asɛm. Ebetumi ayɛ nea asiane wom. Afei nso, sɛ eyinom dɔɔso (`Thrombocytosis`) a, ɛtɔ mmere bi a mogya a ɛyɛ mmerɛw betumi ayɛ wɔ mogya ntini no mu a ɛho nhia.

Ɛho hia paa: Saa nɔma yi mu biara wɔ "Normal Range." Nanso ɛsɛ sɛ wuhu sɛ saa kwan ahorow no betumi ayɛ soronko kakra wɔ lab biara mu, na egyina nneɛma te sɛ wo mfe, wo bɔbeasu, ne wo sorokɔ so nso. Enti, sɛ wubenya nɔma ahorow a ɛwɔ w’amanneɛbɔ no mu no ho nsɛm pɔtee a, akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wo ne wo duruyɛfo kasa . Yɛsrɛ sɛ nsusuw sɛ wowɔ yareɛ bi denam nneɛma a wobɛhwɛ wɔ intanɛt so anaa wode atoto w’adamfo amanneɛbɔ ho ara kwa so. Ɛno de ehu a ɛho nhia nkutoo bɛba.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔyɛ CBC sɔhwɛ no? So ɛyɛ biribi a ɛsɛ sɛ yesuro?

Afei ebia woresusuw ho sɛ saa `CBC` sɔhwɛ yi yɛ biribi a ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ, anaasɛ ɛbɛyɛ yaw. Biribiara nni hɔ a ɛsɛ sɛ wosuro. Ɛyɛ mmerɛw yiye, na egye simma kakraa bi pɛ.

Mpɛn pii no, nea ɛka ho ne sɛ wubegye mogya ketewaa bi afi ntini bi a ɛwɔ wo nsa mu (mpɛn pii no wɔ wo nsateaa ase pɛɛ, baabi a ɛnyɛ den sɛ wubehu no) mu. Oduruyɛfo, ɔyarehwɛfo a wɔatete no, anaa aduruyɛ mu nhwehwɛmu dan ho nimdefo a ɔwɔ aduruyɛdan mu na ɔyɛ eyi.

1. Nea edi kan no, wɔde nnuru a ekum mmoawa te sɛ nsa tew baabi a wɔbɛtwe mogya no yiye.

2. Afei, wɔde ahwɛyiye de ade ketewaa bi a ɛyɛ tratraa (afiri a ɛnyɛ den) hyɛ ntini no mu, na wɔboaboa mogya dodow a ɛho hia (bɛyɛ mililita kakraa bi) ano wɔ afiri titiriw bi mu. Nnuru bi (anticoagulant) wɔ saa afiri yi mu a ɛmma mogya no ntumi nkɔ.

3. Sɛ wuyi ade no wie a, fa plaster anaa cotton wool ketewaa bi gu beae no na fa kura hɔ kakra kosi sɛ mogya no begyae koraa.

Sɛ wɔde ade no hyɛ mu a, ebia ɛbɛyɛ te sɛ ntɛtea anaa nwansena ketewaa bi rebɔ wo . Nanso ɛtra hɔ sikani kakraa bi pɛ. Ɛno akyi no, ɛyaw biara nni hɔ. Nnipa binom suro nnade kakra, na ɛno yɛ ade a ɛfata. Sɛ wote saa a, wubetumi atwe w’ani akɔ baabi foforo na woahome denneennen bere a wɔretwe mogya no. Eyi betumi aboa ma ehu no so atew kakra. Sɛ wokura wo nsa mu kakra bere a wɔatwe mogya no awie no nso bɛboa ma hokwan a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ beae no bɛdan bruu no so atew.

Afei wɔde mogya yi kɔ aduruyɛdan mu, na wɔkan nkwammoaa ahorow a yɛadi kan aka ho asɛm no na wɔhwehwɛ wɔn ho nsɛm mu. Mpɛn pii no, ebetumi agye nnɔnhwerew kakraa bi, ɛtɔ mmere bi a da koro, ansa na amanneɛbɔ no aba, a egyina adwuma a ɛwɔ lab no so.

Enti, nneɛma bɛn na ɛho hia sen biara a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛkae wɔ CBC yi ho? (Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie)

Okay, yɛaka `Complete Blood Count (CBC)` sɔhwɛ no ho asɛm pii. Enti, nsɛntitiriw a ɛsɛ sɛ wokae fi eyinom nyinaa mu ni:

• `CBC` yɛ sɔhwɛ a ɛtaa ba na ɛsom bo a ɛsusu nkwammoaa ahodoɔ titire a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu, a ɛne mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ, mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa, ne mogya nkwammoaa, ne wɔn su foforɔ a ɛho hia (te sɛ hemoglobin).
• Saa sɔhwɛ yi boa wo ma wuhu nyarewa bi a ɛwɔ wo nipadua mu (e.g. mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ nipadua mu, nyarewa ahorow, kokoram ahorow bi), wuhu sɛnea yare no te mprempren, na wohwɛ sɛnea nnuru ahorow no de ba.
• Nkwammoaa ahorow a ɛwɔ mogya no mu biara wɔ adwuma pɔtee bi. Nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ de mframa pa kɔ, nkwammoaa fitaa bɔ wɔn ho ban fi nyarewa ho, na mogya nkwammoaa gyae mogya. Sɛ eyinom mu biara nni hɔ a, ebetumi aka yɛn akwahosan.
• Ɛho hia sɛ wogyaw nɔma ne nkyerɛwde a ɛwɔ `CBC` amanneɛbɔ no mu no nkyerɛase ma oduruyɛfo. `Normal Range` no betumi ayɛ soronko kakra wɔ lab biara mu. Enti, nhuruw nkɔ nsɛm a ɛba awiei na ehu anaa anigye a ɛho nhia.
• Mogya a wɔde ma no yɛ adeyɛ a ɛnyɛ den koraa a ɛyaw ketewaa bi a egye sikɔne kakraa bi na ɛka ho. Biribiara nni hɔ a ɛsɛ sɛ wosuro.
• Sɛ woyare anaa wowɔ sɛnkyerɛnne biara a wontumi nkyerɛkyerɛ mu (sɛ nhwɛso no, ɔbrɛ a ɛkɔ so, atiridiinini a ɛtaa ba, mogya a ɛtɔ fi wo nipadua no afã horow) a, kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm ara kɔhwehwɛ afotu. Obetumi ahyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ CBC anaa sɔhwɛ afoforo sɛ ɛho hia a.

Awiei koraa no, saa `CBC` sɔhwɛ yi te sɛ `ahwehwɛ' a ɛka wiase ketewa a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu no ho asɛm pii, yɛn akwahosan ho asɛm. Enti, ɛyɛ mmoa kɛse ma yɛn sɛ yɛma wɔyɛ sɔhwɛ yi wɔ bere a ɛfata mu, de nsɛm a yenya fi mu no bedi dwuma yiye, na yɛakura yɛn akwahosan mu. Yɛrepɛ obiara akwahosan pa!

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