Ɔkwan bɛn so na oduruyɛfo tumi hu wo yare no pɛpɛɛpɛ? Momma yensua sɛnea wɔhwehwɛ yare no ho ade wɔ ɔkwan a ɛnyɛ den so!

So woate "diagnosis" ho asɛm pɛn bere a wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn no? Ebia woresusuw ho sɛ, "Dɛn ne saa yare a wɔahu yi?" Okay, mma ɛnhaw wo. Ɛnyɛ asɛm kɛse saa. Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, "diagnosis" yɛ ɔkwan a oduruyɛfo no fa so hu nea wo yare anaa wo yare no yɛ ankasa. Oduruyɛfo yɛ adwuma pii, te sɛ ɔsraani a ɔhwehwɛ nkurɔfo ho nsɛm mu a odi asɛm bi ho dwuma. So yɛbɛka eyi ho asɛm kakra?

Dɛn ankasa ne `Diagnosis`?

Fa no sɛ wo ho nyɛ wo den kakra. Wowɔ atiridiinini, ɔfe, ne ɛyaw wɔ wo nipadua mu. Afei sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn a, obebisa wo nsɛm, ahwehwɛ wo mu, na ebia wayɛ nhwehwɛmu bi, na waka sɛ, "Wowɔ saa yare yi." Ɛno ne nea yɛfrɛ no `Diagnosis`, anaasɛ diagnosis .

Ɛne sɛ, ɛde din pɔtee bi ma tebea anaa yare bi a ɛnteɛ wɔ wo nipadua mu. Saa `Diagnosis` yi te sɛ ɔkwan ho mfonini. Sɛ wunim nea yare no yɛ ankasa a, wɔabue kwan a ɛbɛma woanya ayaresa a ɛfata.

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a: `Diagnosis` yɛ edin a aban de frɛ wo yare no. Sɛ́ wubenya no yiye no ne ade a edi kan a ɛbɛma wo ho atɔ wo.

Dɛn nti na saa `Diagnosis` yi ho hia saa?

Ebia wobɛdwene sɛ, "Mfaso bɛn na ɛwɔ so sɛ wobɛto yareɛ bi din? Mɛnom aduru bi kɛkɛ na ɛbɛyɛ yie." Nanso `diagnosis` yɛ pii sen din a wɔde bɛma ara kwa. Susuw hia a ɛho hia ho hwɛ:

• Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wobenya ayaresa a ɛfata: Wobɛyɛ dɛn atumi ama aduru a ɛfata a wunnim nea yare no yɛ ankasa, ɛnte saa? Sɛ nhwɛso no, aduru a wɔde ma obi a ɔyare mmoawa de ba no rentumi nyɛ adwuma mma ɔyare mmoawa bi. Enti, sɛ `Diagnosis` no yɛ nokware nkutoo a, wobetumi afi ayaresa a etu mpɔn ase.
• Nkɔmhyɛ no a wobɛte ase: Nyarewa bi sa ntɛm, ebi gye bere kakra, na ebi nso tumi tra hɔ nkwa nna nyinaa. Sɛ wohu yare no wie a, oduruyɛfo no betumi akyerɛkyerɛ sɛnea yare no bɛyɛ n’ade, bere tenten a ɛbɛkyɛ, ne nea ɛsɛ sɛ wohwɛ kwan mu akyerɛ wo.
• Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wubehu yare no: Esiane sɛ wunim nea yare no yɛ nti, wo ne w’abusua betumi ayɛ nhwehwɛmu na woakyerɛkyerɛ wɔn ho wɔ ho. Eyi bɛboa wo kɛse ma wo ne yare no atra ase na woayɛ nsakrae a ɛho hia.
• Nea ɛbɛyɛ na wɔasiw nsɛnnennen ano: Nyarewa bi betumi de ɔhaw ahorow a ɛyɛ hu aba sɛ wɔanhu no yiye na wɔansa no bere ano a. Sɛ nhwɛso no, sɛ wɔantumi anhyɛ Asikreyare no so yiye a, ebetumi asɛe akwaa te sɛ aniwa, asaabo, ne koma.
• Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wubenya adwene mu asomdwoe: Ɛyɛ den ma nipadua no, nanso sɛ wunnim nea ɛrekɔ so a, wote adesoa kɛse nka wɔ w’adwene so. Sɛ wonya `diagnosis` a, sɛ wunim sɛ, "Oh, eyi ne nea ɛtoo me" a, wote asomdwoe bi nka.

Hwɛ? `Diagnosis` nyɛ asɛmfua bi kɛkɛ. Ɛyɛ ade titiriw a ɛho hia wɔ w’akwantu a ɛkɔ ahotɔ mu no mu.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na oduruyɛfo du `Diagnosis` ho?

Oduruyɛfo bi ba `Diagnosis` bi so denam nyansahu kwan bi a odi akyi so. Worentumi nka yare no ntɛm ara. Ɛsɛ sɛ wode nneɛma pii ka ho. Ma yɛnhwɛ nea wɔyɛ.

1. W’asɛm a wobɛtie (Medical History) .

Eyi ne ade a edi kan na ɛho hia sen biara. Oduruyɛfo no bebisa wo nsɛm pii.

• Dɛn ne wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne? (e.g., bere tenten ahe na woakɔfefe? Wo atiridiinini no te dɛn? So nsu a ɛyɛ fĩ wɔ hɔ? Kɔla bɛn na ɛwɔ?)
• Ɔkwan bɛn so na saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi fii ase? So wɔbaa hɔ mpofirim? So wɔde nkakrankakra dɔɔso?
• So biribi a wobɛyɛ no ma yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne no mu yɛ den? So ɛyɛ kɛse? (e.g., so aduan a wodi no ma yafunu no yɛ yaw kɛse?)
• So woanya yare a ɛte sɛɛ pɛn? So wowɔ nyarewa foforo bi a enni sabea? (e.g. Asikreyare, Mogya mmoroso, Akisikuru) .
• So worenom nnuru biara mprempren? (Oduruyɛfo foforo na ɔkyerɛw ma, a wɔtɔn no aduruyɛdan mu, Ayurvedic, biribiara)
• So wowɔ biribi ho akisikuru bi? (nnuru, nnuan) .
• Nyarewa bɛn na w’abusua (ɛna, papa, nuanom) wɔ? (Sɛ nhwɛso no, so obi wɔ w’abusua mu a ɔwɔ komayare, kokoram, anaa asikreyare?) Wɔfrɛ eyi `Abusua Abakɔsɛm`.
• W’asetra kwan te dɛn? (Wonom sigaret? Wonom nsa? Woteɛteɛ w'apɔw mu? Dɛn ne w'adwuma?) Wɔsan frɛ eyi `Social History`.

Susuw ho hwɛ, nsɛmmisa yi nyinaa te sɛ nsɛm nketenkete. Oduruyɛfo no rebɔ mmɔden sɛ ɔbɛka ne nyinaa abom na wayɛ mfonini kɛse bi. Enti ɛho hia yiye sɛ oduruyɛfo no ka biribiara kyerɛ wo pefee na ɔyɛ nokware.

2. Nipadua mu Nhwehwɛmu

Bere a oduruyɛfo no abisa wo nsɛm a ɛkɔ akyiri awie no, ɔbɛhwɛ wo.

• Sɛnea ɛte wɔ ɔkwan a ɛkɔ akyiri so: Wɔhwɛ nneɛma te sɛ wo honam ani hwɛbea, wo honam ani kɔla, ne sɛ ebia w’ani da hɔ anaa.
• Nsɛnkyerɛnne a Ɛho Hia: Ɔhyew, ne koma a ɛbɔ, ɔhome a ɛbɔ, ne mogya mmoroso a wɔbɛhwɛ.
• Sɔhwɛ pɔtee bi:
• Fa afiri a wɔde tie asɛm hyɛ wo ho na tie wo koko, ahurututu, ne koma.
• Menewa, aso, ne hwene a wɔbɛhwɛ.
• Yafunu no a wɔde wɔn nsa ka.
• Ɛtɔ da bi a wɔyɛ sɔhwɛ ahorow a ɛfa ntini ahorow ho (e.g., aniwa a wohu, nipadua ahoɔden, nneɛma a ɛma obi tumi yɛ ade).

Oduruyɛfo no nam nhwehwɛmu yi so hwɛ wo nipadua mu sɛ ebia biribi a ɛnteɛ anaa yare ho sɛnkyerɛnne biara nni hɔ anaa.

3. Aduruyɛ mu Nhwehwɛmu

Ɛtɔ da bi a, ɛbɛtumi ayɛ den sɛ wobɛba `Diagnosis` a egyina nsɛm a wode ma ne nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu no nko ara so. Anaasɛ, ebia nsɛm pii ho behia na `Asi` nea wosusuw sɛ ɛyɛ `Diagnosis no so dua. Ɛno ne bere a ebia oduruyɛfo no bɛhyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ aduruyɛ mu nhwehwɛmu ahorow. Eyinom bi ne:

• Mogya mu Nhwehwɛmu:
• Wubetumi ahu nneɛma pii wɔ eyinom mu. Nhwɛsoɔ,
• Full Blood Count (FBC): Eyi betumi ama obi anya nneɛma te sɛ mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ nipadua mu, ɔyare mmoawa, ne mogya mu kokoram ho adwene.
• ESR, CRP: Ɛka ɔfe a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu ho asɛm.
• Mogya mu Asikre: Hwɛ sɛ asikreyare bi wɔ hɔ anaa.
• Asaabo ne mmerɛbo Dwumadi Ho Nhwehwɛmu: Hwɛ sɛ saa akwaa yi reyɛ adwuma yiye anaa.
• Cholesterol (Cholesterol / Lipid Profile): Hwɛ komayare ho asiane.
• Wobetumi de mogya ahwɛ nneɛma afoforo pii, te sɛ hormone nhwehwɛmu pɔtee ne vitamin dodow.

• Nsuo mu Nhwehwɛmu:
• Wubetumi anya nneɛma te sɛ Urinary Tract Infections (UTI), Asaabo mu Yare, ne Asikreyare ho nsɛm.

• Nipadua mu nsu mu nhwehwɛmu afoforo: Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, wobetumi asɔ ahurututu, nsu, anaa nipadua mu nsu afoforo nso ahwɛ.

• Mfonini Sɔhwɛ: Eyinom twa nipadua no mu mfonini.
• X-ray: Wɔde hu nneɛma te sɛ nnompe a abubu ne ahurututu mu yare (e.g. ahurututu mu yare).
• Ultrasound Scans: Fa nnyigyei asorɔkye hwɛ akwaa a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu (e.g. mmerɛbo, asaabo, awotwaa) na hwɛ sɛnea akokoaa no nyin wɔ nyinsɛn mu.
• CT Scans (Computed Tomography): Wɔde X-ray mfiridwuma di dwuma de twa nipadua no mfonini a wɔatwa no tiaa. Eyi betumi ada ɔhaw ahorow adi wɔ mmeae te sɛ amemene, koko, ne yafunu mu kɔ akyiri kɛse.
• MRI Scans (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Ɛde magnetic field a ano yɛ den ne radio asorɔkye di dwuma de yɛ mfonini a emu da hɔ yiye na ɛkɔ akyiri. Eyi ho wɔ mfaso titiriw ma nneɛma te sɛ amemene, akyi berɛmo, ne nkwaa a wɔhwɛ.

• Sɔhwɛ titiriw afoforo:
• ECG (Electrocardiogram): Ɛhwɛ sɛnea koma no mu anyinam ahoɔden yɛ adwuma na ama wɔahu komayare.
• Endoscopy: Wɔde afiri bi a mfoninitwa afiri ketewa bi wom kɔ nipadua no mu (sɛ nhwɛso no, yafunu, dwensɔtwaa kɛse) de hwehwɛ emu. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, wobetumi afa eyi mu afa ntini ketewaa bi (biopsy).
• Nkwammoaa mu nhwehwɛmu (`Biopsy`): .Ɛdenam ntini ketewaa bi a wogye fi baabi a ɛyɛ hu (sɛ nhwɛso no, honam ani akisikuru, akwaa bi a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu) na wɔde afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete hwehwɛ mu so no, wobetumi ahu no yiye sɛ ebia nyarewa te sɛ kokoram wɔ hɔ anaa.

Nea ɛho hia: Ɛnyɛ sɔhwɛ ahorow yi nyinaa na wɔhwehwɛ wɔ tebea biara ho. Wo duruyɛfo no begyina wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow ne nea oduruyɛfo no behu bere a wɔreyɛ nhwehwɛmu no so asi nhwehwɛmu ahorow a ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ ho gyinae.

4. Boaboa nsɛm ano, hwehwɛ mu, na fa asɛm bi ba awiei

Oduruyɛfo no bɛka nsɛm a wode ama, nea woahu afi wo nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu mu, ne nea efii nhwehwɛmu biara a ebia wɔayɛ mu aba no ano, sɛ ɛho hia a, na ɔde atoto wɔn aduruyɛ ho nimdeɛ ne osuahu ho.

Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, nyarewa pii betumi aba a ɛwɔ sɛnkyerɛnne a ɛte sɛ yare biako. Afei oduruyɛfo no susuw saa nneɛma a ebetumi aba yi nyinaa ho, de toto nsɛm a efi nhwehwɛmu ahorow no mu ho, na ɔpaw `Diagnosis` a ɛfata sen biara . Ɛtɔ da bi a wɔfrɛ eyi `Differential Diagnosis`. Ɛkyerɛ sɛ wobɛba baabi a, "Saa yare yi betumi ayɛ, na saa yare yi nso betumi ayɛ, nanso sɛnea sɔhwɛ yi kyerɛ no, ɛda adi kɛse sɛ eyi ne no."

Dɛn na ɛba wɔ `Diagnosis` akyi?

Okay, momma yɛnka sɛ oduruyɛfo no ba mu ma `Diagnosis`. Dɛn na ɛba akyi?

1. Oduruyɛfoɔ no bɛkyerɛkyerɛ yareɛ no mu akyerɛ wo: yareɛ bɛn na wowɔ, sɛdeɛ ɛkɔ so, ne ne su.

2. Ɔka ayaresa a wobetumi apaw ho asɛm: Ayaresa ahorow bɛn na ɛwɔ hɔ ma saa yare yi, nea eye ma wo, nea wobɛhwɛ kwan afi ayaresa no mu, ne sɛ ebia nsunsuanso bɔne bi wɔ hɔ anaa.

3. Ka daakye tebea ho asɛm (Prognosis): Ɔka nneɛma te sɛ bere tenten a ebegye na obi ho atɔ no afi yare no mu ne nneɛma a ɛsɛ sɛ ɛhaw no ho asɛm.

4. Ɛma wunya hokwan bisa nsɛm: Eyi ne bere a eye sen biara a ɛsɛ sɛ wubisa oduruyɛfo no adwenem naayɛ anaa nsɛmmisa biara a ebia wowɔ. Bisa a wunsuro anaa aniwu biara nni ho.

5. Ɔma akwankyerɛ a ɛsɛ sɛ wudi akyi: Sɛnea wobɛnom nnuru, sɛnea wubedi w’aduan so, nsakrae a ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ wɔ w’asetra kwan mu, ne bere a ɛsɛ sɛ wosan ba.

Kae sɛ, sɛ obi hu yare no yɛ akwantu bi mfiase ara kwa. Wo duruyɛfo akwankyerɛ a wubedi akyi yiye no ho hia kɛse na ama wo ho atɔ wo.

Ɛtɔ da bi a egye bere kakra ansa na `diagnosis`... So ɛno yɛ ade a ɛfata?

Yiw, ɛtɔ mmere bi a, ɛno betumi asi. Ɛnyɛ yare biara na wobetumi ahu prɛko pɛ.

• Nyarewa bi ho sɛnkyerɛnne betumi ayɛ nea ɛyɛ anifere koraa wɔ mfiase, anaasɛ ebetumi ayɛ sɛ nyarewa nketenkete afoforo.
• Nyarewa bi betumi ayɛ nea ɛntaa nsi koraa , na afei egye bere kakra ansa na yɛasusuw ho.
• Ɛtɔ da bi a, there can be multiple causes for a single symptom , enti ebetumi agye bere kakra na ``wɔapow`` wɔn nyinaa na woanya nea ɛfata.
• Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, ebia ɛho behia sɛ wɔyɛ sɔhwɛ ahorow a ɛyɛ soronko pii , anaasɛ ɛho behia sɛ wonya ɔbenfo adwene .

Enti, mma ɛnhaw wo sɛ wo `Diagnosis` no gye bere kakra a. Oduruyɛfo no rebɔ mmɔden sɛ ɔbɛma wo `Diagnosis` a ɛyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ sen biara . Ɛho hia sɛ wugye bere a ehia ma ɛno.

Dɛn ne wo dwumadie wɔ `Diagnosis` mu?

Wo nso wowɔ dwumadie kɛseɛ a ɛsɛ sɛ wodi wɔ saa `Diagnosis` nhyehyɛeɛ yi mu.

• Di wo duruyɛfo no nokware: Ka nokware a womfa wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne, wo suban, anaa nnuru a wonom no ho hwee nsie.
• Bisa nsɛm: Sɛ biribi wɔ hɔ a wonte ase anaasɛ w’adwene mu yɛ wo naa a, hwɛ hu sɛ wubebisa. Mfomso biara nni ho sɛ wubebisa nneɛma te sɛ "Dɛn nti na wɔreyɛ sɔhwɛ yi?" anaa "Dɛn na ɛbɛba wɔ saa aduru yi ho?"
• Di akwankyerɛ no akyi: fa w’aduru sɛnea oduruyɛfo no akyerɛ wo no, kɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu, na san bra nna a wɔbɛka akyerɛ wo no.
• Hu nsakrae: Sɛ nsakrae bi ba wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow mu (sɛ eye anaasɛ enye) bere a woafi ayaresa ase akyi a, ka kyerɛ wo duruyɛfo.

So ɛsɛ sɛ yesuro sɛ wobehu yare no wɔ ɔkwan a ɛnteɛ so?

Nnuruyɛfo bɔ mmɔden biara sɛ wɔbɛma `Diagnosis` a ɛyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ. Nanso, mfomso ntaa nsi koraa. Efisɛ aduruyɛ yɛ adwuma a ɛyɛ den a wosua ade bere nyinaa.

Sɛ w’adwene mu yɛ wo naa kɛse wɔ sɛnea wɔahu wo yare anaa ayaresa no ho a, wo ne wo duruyɛfo nka ho asɛm. Anaasɛ, mfomso biara nni ho sɛ wubenya adwene a ɛto so abien afi oduruyɛfo foforo hɔ. Ɛno ne wo hokwan.

Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie

Okay, enti mewɔ anidaso sɛ seesei woanya nteaseɛ a emu da hɔ yie wɔ deɛ `diagnosis` yɛ, deɛ enti a ɛho hia, ne sɛdeɛ oduruyɛfoɔ du ho.

`Nhwehwɛmu` ne anammɔn a edi kan na ɛho hia sen biara a ɛbɛma woahu wo yare no pɛpɛɛpɛ, afi ayaresa a ɛfata sen biara ase, na ama wo ho atɔ wo ntɛmntɛm.

Eyi te sɛ nea wunim ɔkwan pɔtee a wobɛfa so ansa na woatu kwan. Nnuruyɛfo de akwan horow di dwuma ma eyi (wobisa wo nsɛm, wɔhwehwɛ wo mu, wɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu). Wɔyɛ eyinom nyinaa na ama woanya ayaresa a eye sen biara. Enti, sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn a, sɛ wɔka `diagnosis` ho asɛm a, fa wo ho hyɛ mu a wunsuro anaasɛ wunnye akyinnye. Wo mmoa so no, wobɛtumi aba `diagnosis` a ɛyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ na wo ho atɔ wo ntɛm!

` Nhwehwɛmu, Aduruyɛ mu nhwehwɛmu, Nsɛnkyerɛnne, Ayaresa, Akwahosan, Oduruyɛfo