Dɛn ne afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete? So yɛbɛka ho asɛm kakra?

So woasusuw mfiri bi a ɛyɛ nwonwa a etumi hu nneɛma nketenkete a yɛn aniwa ntumi nhu ho pɛn? Saa na wɔfrɛ saa afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete yi. Ɛte sɛ ahwehwɛ a ɛma nneɛma kɛse yɛ kɛse a tumi wom yiye. Eyi yɛ ade a ɛho nhia ma yɛn nnuruyɛfo anaa nyansahufo. Momma yɛnka saa mfiri nwonwaso yi ho asɛm nnɛ.

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, dɛn ne microscope?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete yɛ afiri a ɛboa yɛn ma yehu nneɛma nketenkete paa, nneɛma a ɛyɛ nketenkete dodo sɛ yɛn ani betumi ahu, akɛse paa na emu da hɔ. Fa no sɛ wowɔ ahwehwɛ a ɛma nneɛma kɛse yɛ kɛse a ahoɔden kɛse wom. Saa na eyi te. Nanso ebetumi ama nneɛma ayɛ kɛse mpɛn mpempem pii, ebia mpɛn mpempem ɔhaha pii, na ɛyɛ ketewaa mpo.

Wobetumi de eyi ahu nkwammoaa ketewaa bi a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu (ade titiriw a ɛkyekyere yɛn nipadua) anaa abɔde ketewaa bi mpo a ɛwɔ nsu a ɛtɔ gu fam mu no fɛfɛɛfɛ. Enti, afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete yɛ adamfo a ɛho hia na ama yɛasua nneɛma nketenkete a ɛwɔ wiase yi mu a ɛyɛ ahintasɛm ma yɛn ani na yɛahu wɔn ahintasɛm. Bere a nyansahu anya nkɔso no, saa adwinnade yi nso anya nkɔso kɛse.

Dɛn nti na afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete ho hia saa wɔ aduruyɛ mu?

Afei ebia woredwene sɛ, "Okay, ɛma nneɛma nketenkete yɛ kɛse. Enti mfaso bɛn na ɛwɔ so ma nnuruyɛfo?" Nokwarem no, afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete nyɛ adwinnade bi kɛkɛ. Ɛte sɛ oduruyɛfo aniwa a ɛto so abiɛsa . Wunim dɛn? Wɔde na ɛyɛ yɛn nipadua, na yɛtaa yare esiane nneɛma nketenkete a yɛn ani ntumi nhu nti.

Wo de susuw ho hwɛ, yɛn nipadua te sɛ ofie kɛse bi a wɔde birikisi nketewa ɔpepem pii ayɛ. Saa birikisi nketenkete yi ne nea yɛfrɛ no nkwammoaa . Bere tenten a saa nkwammoaa yi wɔ apɔwmuden no, yɛn nso yɛwɔ apɔwmuden. Nanso sɛ nsakrae bi ba saa nkwammoaa yi mu, sɛ wonya yare biara a, ɛnde ɛno ne bere a yɛn nso yenya yare. Enti, sɛ yebetumi ahu nsakrae a ɛba saa nkwammoaa yi mu ne nyarewa ho sɛnkyerɛnne a, ɛho hia sɛ wɔde afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete di dwuma.

Ɛnyɛ ɛno nko, na mmom yɛde di dwuma de hu mmoawa nketenkete te sɛ mmoawa , mmoawa (wobetumi de eyinom ahu mmoawa akɛse bi, nanso mmoawa dodow no ara hia ɛlɛtrɔnik mfiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete), ne fungi . Yetumi hu nea wɔsɛe yɛn nipadua no pɛpɛɛpɛ. Ɛno nti na ɛboa kɛse ma wohu yare no pɛpɛɛpɛ no.

Nyarewa bɛn na wobetumi de afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete ahu?

Sɛ yɛde afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete di dwuma a, yebetumi ahu nyarewa pii ho nsɛm. Ma yɛnhwɛ nea ɛyɛ atitiriw no.

Mogya Nhwɛsode a Wɔsɔ Hwɛ

Woayɛ wo mogya mu nhwehwɛmu pɛn? Mpɛn pii no, wɔde afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete hwehwɛ mogya no fã bi mu. Wɔfrɛ eyi sɛ mogya a ɛwɔ nipadua no akyi ho nhwehwɛmu.

• Mogya Nkwammoaa Kɔkɔɔ:Eyinom ne nkwammoaa a ɛde mframa pa kɔ yɛn nipadua mu nyinaa. Wubetumi ahwɛ sɛ mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ nipadua mu no denam wɔn kɛse, wɔn nsusuwii, ne wɔn kɔla a wobɛhwɛ so. Awosu mu nyarewa bi te sɛ thalassemia nso betumi ama nsakrae pɔtee bi aba mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ mu.
• Mogya Nkwammoaa Fitaa: Eyinom te sɛ asraafo a wɔwɔ yɛn nipadua mu no. Wɔko tia nyarewa. Sɛ eyinom dodow ne ne su (e.g. Neutrophils, Lymphocytes) sesa a, ebetumi ama wɔanya ɔyare mmoawa (yare mmoawa, mmoawa a wɔde nyarewa ba) ne ebia mogya mu kokoram te sɛ mogya mu kokoram mpo ho nsɛnkyerɛnne .
• Nkwammoaa mu nkwammoaa: Nkwammoaa nketenkete a ɛboa ma mogya tu. Sɛ eyinom sua a, mogya betumi atu. Eyinom ho hia titiriw wɔ nyarewa te sɛ dengue mu .
• Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, wobetumi ahu mmoawa a wɔwɔ mogya no mu, sɛ nhwɛso no Plasmodium mmoawa a wɔde asramma , anaa nwansena a wɔde filariasis ba no, wɔ afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete mu.

Ntini a Wɔde Yɛ Nhwɛsode (Biopsy) Sɔhwɛ

So woate asɛmfua ‘biopsy’ ho asɛm pɛn? Ɛkyerɛ sɛ sɛ adwenem naayɛ bi wɔ yɛn nipadua mu baabi (sɛ nhwɛso no, honam ani, akisikuru, akwaa a ɛwɔ yɛn mu) a, woyi ntini ketewaa bi fi saa beae no na wɔde afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete hwehwɛ mu. Eyi ho hia yiye ma kokoram a wobehu .

Kokoram nkwammoaa yɛ nkwammoaa a ɛsono wɔn nneyɛe na ɛsono sɛnea ɛte wɔ nkwammoaa a ɛte apɔw ho. Enti, sɛ yɛhwɛ saa nkwammoaa yi wɔ afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete mu a, yebetumi ahu nsɛm pii a ɛho hia, te sɛ sɛ ebia ɛyɛ kokoram anaa ɔhaw foforo bi (sɛ nhwɛso no, ɔyare mmoawa, ɔfe), ne sɛ ɛyɛ kokoram a, kokoram ko a ɛyɛ, sɛnea emu yɛ den, ne baabi a atrɛw akodu. Yɛfrɛ nnuruyɛfo atitiriw a wɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi no sɛ ɔyare ho animdefo . Wɔn na wɔte wiase a ɛyɛ nketenkete yi mu ahintasɛm ase na wɔka yare no ho asɛm kyerɛ yɛn. Sɛ nhwɛso no, wɔ Pap smear sɔhwɛ a wɔyɛ de hu awotwaa mu kokoram wɔ mmea mu no, wɔde afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete nso hwehwɛ nkwammoaa no mu.

Mmoawa a wɔde nyarewa ba a wobehu

Ɛdenam afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete a wɔde hwehwɛ nsu, nsu, nsu, ne akisikuru a efi akuru mu nhwɛsode ahorow mu so no, wobetumi ahu sɛ ebia mmoawa a wɔde nyarewa ba te sɛ mmoawa , fungi , ne mmoawa bi wɔ mu anaa .

Fa no sɛ woafe, na wɔfa nsu a ɛyɛ fĩ bi na wɔsɔ hwɛ. Sɛ wɔde afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete hwɛ mu na wohu sɛ ɔyare mmoawa pɔtee bi wɔ mu (sɛ nhwɛso no, mmoawa a wɔde nsamanwaw ba) a, ɛbɛyɛ mmerɛw ama oduruyɛfo no sɛ ɔbɛkyerɛw aduru a ɛfata. Anaasɛ ɛtɔ mmere bi a, sɛ honam ani yare bi ba a, afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete betumi aboa ma wɔahu sɛ ebia ɛyɛ fungal yare anaa biribi foforo. Sɛ ɛba sɛ obi anya nsu mu yare a, wɔsan hwɛ nsu a wɔde yɛ nhwɛsode mu sɛ ebia mmoawa ne akisikuru nkwammoaa wɔ hɔ anaa. Wɔfrɛ nnuruyɛ baa dwumadibea a ɛyɛ nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi no microbiology .

Ɔkwan bɛn so na nnuruyɛfo de afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete yi di dwuma?

Afei ebia worebisa wo ho sɛ, woyɛ dɛn yɛ eyi na dɛn na woyɛ? Eyi yɛ adeyɛ a ɛyɛ den kakra, nanso nnipa bi wɔ hɔ a wɔanya ntetee titiriw a wɔde bɛyɛ.

1. Nhwɛsode no a wobenya: Nea edi kan no, wonya nneɛma a wɔbɛsɔ ahwɛ (te sɛ mogya, nsu, ntini bi, anaa ahurututu) fi ɔyarefo no hɔ.

2. Slide no a Wobesiesie: Afei, wɔde nhwɛsode no gu ahwehwɛ a ɛyɛ tratraa a wɔasiesie no titiriw so (yɛfrɛ eyi slide) na ɛtɔ mmere bi a wɔde kɔla soronko bi gu so . Wɔde saa kɔla ahorow yi di dwuma na ama ayɛ mmerɛw sɛ wobehu nkwammoaa no afã horow, te sɛ mmoawa, bere a wɔde afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete hwɛ no. Sɛ wohu nkwammoaa no afã horow wɔ kɔla ahorow mu a, ɛnyɛ den sɛ wobehu nsonsonoe a ɛwɔ mu. Sɛ nhwɛso no, wobetumi de Gram stain akyekyɛ mmoawa mu.

3. Fa microscope hwɛ: Afei, wɔde slide a wɔasiesie no gu microscope no so na wɔde ahwehwɛ a ɛwɔ tumi ahorow a ɛma nneɛma yɛ kɛse no hwɛ. Microscope no wɔ ahwehwɛ a ɛsono tumi. Nea edi kan no, wode ahoɔden a ɛba fam hwɛ, na afei, sɛ ɛho hia a, wode ahoɔden kɛse hwɛ, na woahu nea ɛwɔ hɔ ankasa.

4. Nhwehwɛmu ne Amanneɛbɔ: Ogyina nea wohu wɔ afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete ase so na ɔyare ho ɔbenfo anaa aduruyɛ mu mfiridwuma ho nimdefo a wɔatete no hwehwɛ mu na ɔyɛ amanneɛbɔ. Saa amanneɛbɔ no ne nea wo duruyɛfo nsa ka de si gyinae wɔ wo yare no ho.

So mfiri ahorow a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete wɔ hɔ?

Yiw, mfiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete ahorow wɔ hɔ. Yɛtaa hu hann afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete wɔ nnuruyɛ mu nhwehwɛmubea ahorow. Eyinom de hann di dwuma de ma mfonini no yɛ kɛse. Eyinom ye ma nneɛma te sɛ mmoawa ne nkwammoaa a wɔhwɛ. Afei nso, eyinom mu nketewa a ɛyɛ soronko kɛse te sɛ fluorescence microscopes ne phase contrast microscopes wɔ hɔ.

Nanso nneɛma nketenkete mpo, sɛ nhwɛso no, mmoawa(Mmoawa ahorow pii) Sɛ wubehu nneɛma nketenkete paa a ɛwɔ nkwammoaa (organelles) mu a, wuhia afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete a ano yɛ den kɛse mpo. Wɔfrɛ wɔn ɛlɛtrɔnik mfiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete . Eyinom de ɛlɛtrɔnik hann bi di dwuma sen sɛ wɔde hann bedi dwuma. Wɔsõ yiye na ne bo yɛ den, enti wɔde di dwuma kɛse de yɛ nhwehwɛmu titiriw ne nyarewa bi a ɛyɛ den a wɔde hu. Nanso nea ɛboa yɛn kɛse wɔ nyarewa a yehu mu ne hann afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete a madi kan aka ho asɛm no.

Nea ɛsɛ sɛ wuhu fa eyi ho

Enti, bere foforo a wo duruyɛfo bɛka akyerɛ wo sɛ yɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu anaa nhwɛsode foforo bi no, kae sɛ ebia wɔde afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete bɛhwɛ ne fã bi. Ɛno betumi ama oduruyɛfo no anya nneɛma nketenkete a ɛwɔ wo nipadua mu no ho nsɛm pii.

Eyi nyɛ biribi a ɛsɛ sɛ yesuro. Microscope te sɛ adamfo bi a obetumi ahu wo yare no ntɛm na aboa wo ma wo ho atɔ wo ntɛm.

Sɛ woante biribi ase wɔ wo lab amanneɛbɔ mu a, hwɛ hu sɛ wubebisa wo duruyɛfo. Nsuro sɛ wobɛbisa sɛ, "Oduruyɛfoɔ, wobɛtumi akyerɛkyerɛ yei mu akyerɛ me?" Wowɔ hokwan biara sɛ wɔbɔ w’akwahosan ho amanneɛ. Ate aseɛ?

Awiei koraa no, nea ɛsɛ sɛ yɛkae

Okay, enti efi nea yɛaka ho asɛm nnɛ no mu no, ebia wubetumi ate sɛnea microscope som bo na ɛho nhia wɔ aduruyɛ mu no ase.

• Ɛma yetumi hu nneɛma nketenkete a yɛn aniwa ntumi nhu, efi nkwammoaa so kosi mmoawa so .
• Eyi boa ma wohu nyarewa pii te sɛ kokoram , ɔyare mmoawa , ne mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ nipadua mu ntɛm .
• Eyi yɛ ahoɔden kɛse ma nnuruyɛfo ma wohu yare no pɛpɛɛpɛ na wofi ayaresa a ɛteɛ ase sɛnea ɛfata.
• Microscope no te sɛ ɔbran a ɔyɛ komm wɔ akwahosan ho. Nsɛm a ɛde ma no taa yɛ adwinnade a egye nkwa.

Enti, microscope nyɛ dade bi kɛkɛ, ɛyɛ nyansahu mu anwonwade a ɛboa ma wogye nkwa! Sɛ wowɔ nteaseɛ kakra wɔ saa asɛm no ho a, ɛno ne anigyeɛ a ɛwɔ saa asɛm yi mu.

` Microscope, Nkwammoaa, Nhwehwɛmu, Aduruyɛ mu Sɔhwɛ, Nyarewa Ho Adesua