So wo nso woanya COVID na woasusuw sɛ wo ho bɛtɔ wo wɔ nna kakraa bi anaa adapɛn abien mu, nanso woda so ara te ɔbrɛ kɛse? Anaasɛ wote nka sɛ wo ti mu nna hɔ, na ɛyɛ den ma wo sɛ wode w’adwene besi biribi so? Ebia nnuan a na w’ani gye ho no dɛ yɛ nwonwa mprempren, ebia ɛyɛ dɛ te sɛ dade, anaasɛ wuntumi nte biribiara hua koraa? Ebia worenkae bere tenten a atwam fi bere a etwa to a wodae no mpo. Eyinom yɛ Long COVID ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow bi, a yɛrebɛka ho asɛm nnɛ.

Dɛn ne Long COVID?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, Long COVID yɛ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛkɔ so asram abiɛsa anaa nea ɛboro saa bere a woanya COVID-19 na sɛnkyerɛnne a edi kan no ano abrɛ ase. Ɛnfa ho sɛ na wowɔ COVID-19 a emu nyɛ den anaasɛ emu yɛ den, ebetumi ato obiara. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi betumi ayɛ te sɛ nea nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa, ahurututu, koma, ntini, anaa adwenemyare. Nsɛnkyerɛnne no bi betumi ayɛ nea emu nyɛ den, bere a afoforo nso tumi yɛ den araa ma ɛma ɛyɛ den ma wo sɛ wobɛyɛ wo da biara da dwumadi ahorow. Saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi betumi aba na akɔ, asakra, anaasɛ bere kɔ so no, asɛe. Ebia wobɛte nka sɛ wo ho antɔ wo ankasa da bere a woanya COVID akyi.

Wɔde din foforo nso frɛ COVID tenten, te sɛ COVID a ɛkɔ akyirikyiri, COVID akyi yare, anaa COVID-19 akyi a ɛyɛ hu. Nnipa pii de tebea yi toto Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) ho. Esiane sɛ ɛwɔ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow pii na nneɛma ahorow betumi de aba nti, ayaresa biako biara nni hɔ a ɛyɛ adwuma ma obiara.

Long COVID abu so dɛn?

Mprempren wɔabu akontaa sɛ nnipa a wɔanya COVID-19 no mu 5% kosi 10% betumi anya saa COVID akyi tebea horow yi. Nanso, esiane sɛ ɛsono sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no na ɛsono bere tenten a wɔde kyerɛ no nti, ɛyɛ den sɛ yɛbɛka nnipa dodow pɔtee a wɔwɔ bi.

Dɛn ne Long COVID ho sɛnkyerɛnne?

COVID a ɛkyɛ tumi de sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow ba. Ebia nnipa binom benya yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne bɛboro biako, nanso nnipa dodow no ara nnya ne nyinaa prɛko pɛ. Nsɛnkyerɛnne abien a ɛtaa ba ne ɔbrɛ, a ɛyɛ mmerɛwyɛ ho atenka, ne ahome a ɛyɛ tiaa.

Nsɛnkyerɛnne afoforo a wobetumi ahu ne:

• Hua anaa dɛ a ɛyera anaa ɛsakra: Ebia nnipa binom rentumi nte hua anaa wɔnte nka koraa (anosmia). Ebia afoforo nso benya nsakrae wɔ wɔn dɛ a wɔadi kan anya no mu, te sɛ dade dɛ (dysgeusia). Fa no sɛ wubedi aduan a w’ani gye ho na wuntumi nsɔ nhwɛ koraa.
• Ɛyɛ den sɛ wode w'adwene besi biribi so - "amemene mu sum": Ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛdwene nneɛma ho yiye na wode w'adwene asi biribi so. Ɛte sɛ nea sum akata wo ti so. Ɛtɔ da a, ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛkae nsɛm.
• Ɔfe a enni sabea: Sɛ wɔsa COVID mpo a, ɔfe tumi kɔ so asram pii.
• Tiyɛ: Tiyɛ a ɛtaa yɛ, ɛtɔ mmere bi a emu yɛ den.
• Ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛda anaasɛ nna a wuntumi nna: Ebia ɛbɛyɛ den ama wo sɛ wobɛda anadwo, anaasɛ wuntumi nna yiye bere a woada mpo no.
• Adwenemhaw: Tebea a ɛma obi te nka sɛ onni anidaso, tebea a ɛma obi nya anidaso biara wɔ biribiara ho.
• Dadwen: Ehu ne ahotɔ a ɛba bere nyinaa.
• Koko mu yaw: Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, ne koko betumi ayɛ yaw bere a ɔrehome mpo no.
• Koma a ɛbɔ: Nkate a ɛkyerɛ sɛ koma retu mmirika anaasɛ ɛretu mmirika .
• Ɔyare a ɛma obi dwensɔ: Ɔhaw.

Sɛ wokɔ so nya saa sɛnkyerɛnne yi mu baako anaa nea ɛboro saa bere a woanya COVID akyi a, ɛho hia sɛ wohaw wo ho.

Dɛn na ɛde Long COVID ba?

Abenfoɔ da so ara ntumi nkyerɛ ade baako pɛ a ɛde Long COVID ba. Nanso, wɔahu sɛ coronavirus afoforo de nkɛntɛnso a ɛtra hɔ kyɛ ba wɔ bere a atwam no mu, te sɛ Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) ne Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). Enti ɛnyɛ nwonwa sɛ COVID sɛnkyerɛnne tumi kyɛ. Nneɛma pii wɔ hɔ a ebetumi ama Long COVID aba:

• Mogya a ɛtwetwe nketenkete: Ebia saa mogya nketenkete yi remma adeyɛ kɛse bi te sɛ akisikuru mma, nanso ebetumi asiw w’ahurututu, w’amemene, ne akwaa afoforo dwumadi kwan yiye.
• Ɔfe: Ebia wo nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no bɛyɛ adwuma boro so na akɔ so ama ɔfe aba w’akwaa ne wo ntini mu, bere mpo a awie ako atia COVID yare no.
• Autoimmune disorders: Esiane nneɛma bi a yennim pɛpɛɛpɛ nti, wɔ COVID yareɛ akyi no, wo nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no betumi ahyɛ aseɛ akɔto ahyɛ w’ankasa wo nipadua afã bi so, te sɛ autoimmune yareɛ.
• Viral persistence: SARS‐CoV‐2 virus a ɛde COVID‐19 ba no betumi atra wo nipadua mu bere mpo a woanya ahoɔden afi yare a edi kan no mu. Sɛ mpo wo nhwehwɛmu a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wowɔ COVID, na ɛnyɛ den sɛ wobɛnya obi foforo biara a, mmoawa no betumi akɔ so de ɔhaw aba wo nipadua mu.
• Mmoawa afoforo a wɔsan yɛ adwuma:Mmoawa bi betumi ada wo nipadua mu a wunnim. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a eyinom betumi asan ayɛ adwuma bio na ɛde sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow aba. Adanse bi kyerɛ sɛ Covid tumi san ma Epstein-Barr virus (virus a ɛde mono ba) no yɛ adwuma na ɛde yareɛ no ho sɛnkyerɛnne a ɛkyɛ.
• Adwene mu nsunsuansoɔ a ɛkyɛ a yareɛ a emu yɛ den de ba: Sɛ wowɔ COVID a emu yɛ den, titire sɛ wɔde wo akɔ ayaresabea a, wobɛtumi anya dadwen, adwenemhaw, anaa adwenemyareɛ foforɔ a ɛfiri mu ba.

Hena na ɔwɔ asiane kɛse mu sɛ obenya Long COVID?

Wowɔ asiane kɛse mu sɛ wobɛnya Long COVID sɛ wo:

• Sɛ wɔannyaa Covid-19 vaccinane wo a.
• Sɛ wowɔ COVID yareɛ a emu yɛ den a, titire sɛ wɔde wo akɔ ayaresabea a. Nanso kae sɛ, nnipa a wɔwɔ COVID a ɛyɛ daa mpo betumi anya Long COVID.
• Sɛ woanya Multisystem Inflammatory Disorder (MIS-C) wɔ COVID-19 mu anaa ɛno akyi a.
• Sɛ na wowɔ akwahosan ho haw afoforo ansa na worenya COVID, sɛ nhwɛso no, ahurututu mu yare, kɛseyɛ mmoroso, asikreyare, ne mogya mmoroso.
• Sɛ woyɛ ɔbaa a. (Nea enti a ɛte saa ankasa no, wonnya nhuu pefee, nanso nhwehwɛmu ahorow ada eyi adi.)

Wobɛyɛ dɛn ahu sɛ wowɔ Long COVID?

Nnuruyɛfoɔ bɛsi gyinaeɛ sɛ wowɔ Long COVID denam tie a wɔbɛtie wo sɛnkyerɛnne ne w’akwahosan ho abakɔsɛm so. Ebia wɔbɛyɛ nhwehwɛmu ahorow bi nso de ate wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no ase kɛse na wɔasi sɛnea wɔbɛsa. Wobetumi agyina wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow so ayɛ nhwehwɛmu ahorow a edidi so yi:

• Mogya mu nhwehwɛmu: Hwɛ sɛ nneɛma te sɛ ɔfe a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu ne akwaa no dwumadi anaa.
• Chest X-ray anaa mfoninitwa nhwehwɛmu afoforo: Wobetumi atwa w’ahurututu, amemene, anaa akwaa afoforo mu mfonini de ahwɛ sɛ nsakrae bi wɔ hɔ a ebetumi de wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no aba anaa.
• CT scan: Sɛ wowɔ ahurututu mu ɔfe ahorow bi a, ebetumi aka ɔkwan a wo duruyɛfo fa so de nnuru bi sa wo yare no. Ebia ɛho behia sɛ wo duruyɛfo yɛ CT scan de hwɛ ɔfe yi.
• Ahurututu (ahurututu) dwumadi ho nhwehwɛmu: Saa nhwehwɛmu yi betumi aboa wo duruyɛfo ma wahu sɛnea w’ahurututu reyɛ adwuma yiye.
• Electrocardiogram (EKG/ECG) anaa Echocardiogram (Echocardiogram - Echo): Saa nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi boa nnuruyɛfo ma wohu sɛ wowɔ wo koma ho haw bi anaa.

Dɛn na wobetumi ayɛ de akwati Long COVID?

Awerɛhosɛm ne sɛ, aduru baako biara nni hɔ a wɔde sa Long COVID. Ebia ɛho behia sɛ wo ne wo duruyɛfo no sɔ ayaresa ahorow pii hwɛ na ama woahu nea ɛyɛ adwuma ma wo. Ɛdenam wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne so no, ayaresa a wubetumi apaw bi ne:

• Nnuru: Nnuruyɛfo betumi de nnuru asa yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne ne tebea horow bi te sɛ ɔfe, tiyɛ, dadwen, ne adwenemhaw. Sɛ wotumi hu biribi a ɛde ba (e.g., mogya a ɛtɔ) ma Long COVID a, wobetumi de nnuru nso asa saa ade no.
• Stellate ganglion block anaa olfactory retraining: Nnuruyɛfo betumi de saa ayaresa ahorow yi adi dwuma de abɔ mmɔden sɛ wɔbɛma wo hua ne wo dɛ asan anya. Stellate ganglion block ma ntini a ɛwɔ wo kɔn mu a ɛka wo hua no bi yɛ mmerɛw. Hua a wɔsan tete no de hua a wonim di dwuma de kae w’amemene sɛnea ɛsɛ sɛ nneɛma hua.
• Apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ: Nea ɛka nipadua mu ayaresa ho ne apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ, aduru a wɔde twitwiw nipadua, ne ayaresa afoforo a ebetumi aboa wo ma ɛyaw so atew na ama woatumi atu mpɔn.
• Ahurututu mu ahosiesie: Eyi yɛ apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ ne nkyerɛkyerɛ nhyehyɛe titiriw bi a ɛboa wo ma wohome ntɛmntɛm na wusua sɛnea wubedi ɔhome mu nsɛnnennen ho dwuma wɔ fie.
• Afotu: Afotu ma wunya obi a wo ne no bɛkasa na waboa wo ma woadi nkate fam nkɛntɛnso a yare a emu yɛ den anaa bere tenten de ba no ho dwuma.

Nea ɛho hia sen biara ne sɛ, ɛnsɛ sɛ wo nkutoo wuhyia eyi. Ɛho hia yiye sɛ wohwehwɛ aduruyɛ mu afotu.

Sɛ wowɔ Long COVID a, dɛn na wobɛtumi ahwɛ kwan?

COVID ho sɛnkyerɛnne a ɛkyɛ betumi aba na akɔ, anaasɛ bere kɔ so no, ebetumi ayɛ yiye anaasɛ asɛe. "Wɔn a wɔfa akwan tenten" anaa nnipa a wɔwɔ saa tebea yi mu pii awiei koraa no wɔn ho tɔ wɔn. Nanso bere tenten a egye no gu ahorow wɔ onipa biara mu. Ebia ɛho behia sɛ woyɛ saa nneɛma yi:

• Hwɛ oduruyɛfo a ɔhwɛ wo titiriw (PCP) ne oduruyɛfo titiriw biako anaa nea ɛboro saa na woadi wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no ho dwuma. Sɛ Long COVID ayaresabea bi wɔ wo mpɔtam hɔ a, wobetumi de wo akɔ oduruyɛfo bi a ɔfata yiye ma wo sɛnkyerɛnne pɔtee no nkyɛn.
• Nya abotare na mma abaw bere a worebɔ mmɔden sɛ wubenya ayaresa a ɛyɛ adwuma ma wo no.
• Ma wo ho bere pii sen sɛnea wotaa yɛ ma wo dwumadi ahorow a woyɛ daa no, na taa gye w’ahome da mũ no nyinaa. Ebia ɛho behia sɛ nnipa binom gye wɔn ahome bere tenten fi adwuma anaa sukuu mu ansa na wɔn ho atɔ wɔn.

Bere tenten ahe na sɛnkyerɛnne te sɛ ɔbrɛ betumi atra hɔ bere a wanya COVID akyi?

Nnipa pii te ɔbrɛ ne ɔbrɛ nka adapɛn kakraa bi bere a wɔanya COVID akyi. Nanso ebinom fam no, ɔbrɛ yi ne sɛnkyerɛnne afoforo betumi atra hɔ asram pii anaa akyɛ mpo. Nnipa pii a wɔwɔ Long COVID fi ase nya ahoɔden wɔ asram 12 kosi 18 ntam.

So wobetumi asiw Long COVID ano?

Ɔkwan baako biara nni hɔ a yɛbɛfa so asiw Long COVID ano. Nanso akwan pii wɔ hɔ a wobɛfa so atew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ no so. Wɔne:

• Nnuru a ɛko tia mmoawa: Nhwehwɛmu bi kyerɛ sɛ, sɛ obi nom nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa a wɔfrɛ no Nirmatrelvir (ahyɛnsode: Paxlovid®) wɔ nnanu akyi a wɔahu sɛ ɔwɔ COVID no a, ebetumi atew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ obenya COVID a ɛtra hɔ kyɛ no so. Saa nhwehwɛmu yi hwɛɛ nnipa a na wɔwɔ asiane kɛse mu sɛ wobenya COVID a emu yɛ den nkutoo. Ma ɛntra w’adwenem sɛ nnuruyɛfo taa kyerɛw nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa wɔ nnanu akyi bere a wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no afi ase no nkutoo.
• Vaccination: Wɔn a wɔnnyaa vaccination antia COVID no wɔ asiane kɛseɛ mu sɛ wɔbɛnya Long COVID sɛ wɔanya bi a.
• Kwati yareɛ: Sɛ wo nni COVID a, worentumi nnya Long COVID. Wubetumi atew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya COVID no so denam nsa hohoro su pa a wode bedi dwuma ne akataso a ɛkata w’ano yiye (e.g., akataso a ɛwɔ ntoatoaso pii te sɛ N95 anaa KN95) a wobɛhyɛ bere a wo ne nnipa afoforo wɔ hɔ no so. Kwati afoforo sɛ wo anaa afoforo yare, anaasɛ obi anya COVID.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ wohwehwɛ aduruyɛ mu afotu?

Sɛ wowɔ eyinom mu bi a, kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn:

• Covid ho sɛnkyerɛnne a emu yɛ den.
• Sɛ mpo wo mfitiase sɛnkyerɛnne no ye a, sɛnkyerɛnne a ɛtra hɔ kyɛ.
• Nsɛnkyerɛnne biara a ɛbɛhaw wo da biara da asetra.

Ka wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne ne sɛnea ɛreka w’asetra ho asɛm kyerɛ wo duruyɛfo. Ka bere a wohuu sɛ wowɔ COVID ne bere a wo mprempren sɛnkyerɛnne no fii ase kyerɛ wɔn.

Tebea bɛn mu na ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) ?

Sɛ wo sɛnkyerɛnne no mu yɛ den mpofirim, anaasɛ wowɔ sɛnkyerɛnne a emu yɛ den te sɛ eyinom a, kɔ baabi a wɔhwɛ wɔn a wɔwɔ yare a egye ntɛmpɛ ntɛm ara:

• Atiridiinini a ano yɛ den (ɛboro digrii Fahrenheit 103 anaa bɛboro digrii Celsius 40).
• Ɔhome a ɛyɛ den.
• Ɛyaw a emu yɛ den anaasɛ ennyae wɔ koko anaa yafunu (yafunu) mu.
• Adwene a ɛtaa yɛ no yaw.
• Kesereneeyɛ.
• Ntini mu yaw a emu yɛ den anaa mmerɛwyɛ.
• Sɛ obi ntumi sɔre anaasɛ n’ani nna hɔ.
• Akisikuru a ɛma obi ho kyere no.
• Kɔla bruu a ɛwɔ honam ani, anofafa, anaa nsateaa nnadewa mu (Cyanosis - eyi betumi ayɛ sɛnkyerɛnne a ɛkyerɛ sɛ oxygen dodow a ɛwɔ wo mogya anaa wo ntini mu no sua).

Nsɛm bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ wubisa wo duruyɛfo?

Ebia ɛbɛyɛ nea ɛbɛboa wo sɛ wubebisa nsɛm yi bere a worekɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn no:

• Ayaresa ahorow bɛn na mewɔ?
• Wunim nea ɛde me yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow reba?
• So nnipa a wɔwɔ sɛnkyerɛnne te sɛ me de no taa ho tɔ wɔn?
• Ɔkwan bɛn so na ɛsɛ sɛ menom m’aduru?
• Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mihu wo bio?
• Nsɛnkyerɛnne bɛn na ɛhwehwɛ sɛ wɔkɔ baabi a wɔhwɛ wɔn a wɔwɔ ayaresa a egye ntɛmpɛ mu?

Ade a ɛho hia sen biara a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛma ɛtra yɛn adwenem (Take-Home Message) .

Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, aduruyɛ ho nimdeɛ betumi aka nea ayarefo ahyia bere tenten no akyi kakra. Nea eye ne sɛ, yɛakɔ akyiri wɔ COVID ho sɛnkyerɛnne a ɛtra hɔ kyɛ no bi ntease mu. Mprempren nnuruyɛfo pii ne akuw ahorow a wɔatu wɔn ho ama sɛ wɔbɛte wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow ase na wɔasa no yɛ adwuma.

Wei da so ara ye adesua kwan - sɔ nneɛma kakra hwɛ na hwehwɛ ayaresa a ɛyɛ adwuma yie ma wo, na wobɛtumi adi mfomsoɔ. Sɛ wuntumi nkasa mma wo ho a, nya mmoa fi obi a obetumi. Wobetumi aboa wo ma woanya nnuruyɛfo, akuw a wɔboa wo, ne afotu. Ka kyerɛ w’abusua, wo nnamfo, ne w’adwumam anaa sukuu sɛ ebia wubehia bere pii na wode ayɛ nneɛma bi, anaasɛ ebia wubehia ahomegye pii. Sɛ woma wo ho kwan ma woda ayamye adi kyerɛ wo ho bere a woresa yare a, ebetumi ayɛ anammɔn a edi kan a ɛbɛma wo ho atɔ wo. Nya abotare na di wo duruyɛfo afotu akyi. Ɛnyɛ wo nko ara!

` Covid Tenten, COVID Tenten, Covid Akyi Nsɛnkyerɛnne, Coronavirus, Ɔbrɛ, Ɔhome tiaa, Covid Ayaresa