Wopɛ sɛ wuhu nea Meningococcal Yare yɛ ankasa? Momma yɛnka ho asɛm!

Nyarewa bi wɔ hɔ a sɛ wote wɔn din mpo a, ɛte sɛ nea ɛyɛ hu kakra, ɛnte saa? Ɛnnɛ yɛrebɛka yareɛ bi a ɛyɛ hu kakra, nanso sɛ wodi kan hu a, wobɛtumi asiw so ho asɛm. Wɔfrɛ eyi meningococcal yare. Mma ɛnhaw wo, momma yɛnka biribiara ho asɛm pefee.

Dɛn ne Meningococcal Yare?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, meningococcal yare yɛ ɔyare mmoawa a efi ɔyare mmoawa mu . Ɔyare mmoawa bi a wɔfrɛ no Neisseria meningitidis na ɛde ba. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a wɔfrɛ no meningococcus. Saa ɔyare mmoawa yi betumi akɔ ntini a ɛbɔ yɛn amemene ne yɛn akyi berɛmo (a wɔfrɛ no meninges) ne mogya no ho ban . Saa nyarewa yi yɛ asiane kɛse na ɛtɔ mmere bi a ebetumi de nkwa ato asiane mu . Sɛ ɔyare no nya meninges no saa kwan yi so a, wɔfrɛ no meningococcal meningitis, na sɛ mogya no nya ɔyare no a, wɔfrɛ no meningococcal septicemia (te sɛ mogya mu awuduru).

Sɛ yɛbɛkyerɛkyerɛ asɛmfua `meninges` mu kakra a, ɛkyerɛ yɛn Central Nervous System , kyerɛ sɛ, ntini abiɛsa a atwa yɛn amemene ne yɛn akyi berɛmo ho ahyia. Te sɛ ntini a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a ɛtetew borɔdɔma mu ntini mu no, eyinom nso bɔ yɛn amemene ne yɛn akyi berɛmo ho ban. Nokwarem no, yɛn honam ani hwɛbea ne ade a ɛsõ sen biara a ɛbɔ yɛn ho ban wɔ yɛn nipadua mu. Saa akisikuru abiɛsa yi ne pia mater, arachnoid, ne dura mater.

Nsonsonoe bɛn na ɛda meningococcal yare ne meningitis ntam?

Afei ebia woresusuw ho sɛ, ‘Enti, so meningococcal yare ne meningitis yɛ ade koro?’ Yiw, nsonsonoe kakra wɔ mu. Mmoawa pɔtee a yɛadi kan aka wɔn ho asɛm, Neisseria meningitidis , na ɛde meningococcal yare ba . Nanso, ‘meningitis’ yɛ asɛmfua a wɔde frɛ tebea biara a ɛma ntini (meninges) a atwa amemene no ho ahyia no ho hyehye . Enti, meningitis betumi aba wɔ meningococcal yare mu. Nanso, ɛnyɛ mmoawa a wɔde meningococcal yare ba no na ɛde meningitis nyinaa ba. Meningitis nso betumi afi mmoawa afoforo, mmoawa, ne fungi mu aba, woanya?

Henanom na meningococcal yare no ka no kɛse?

Ɛwom sɛ obiara betumi anya meningococcal yare de, nanso nnipa binom wɔ asiane kɛse mu sɛ wobenya bi. Momma yɛnhwɛ nnipa ko a wɔyɛ:

• Sɛnea mfe a wɔadi: Nkokoaa a wonnii afe biako, nkumaa a wɔadu mpanyin afe so (titiriw wɔn a wɔadi fi mfe 16-23), ne mpanyimfo nkumaa. Asiane no yɛ kɛse mpo sɛ mfe a wɔadi yi nya sigaret a wɔde di dwuma (sigaretnom a wɔnyɛ hwee anaa sigaretnom a wɔyɛ no nnam) a .
• Amannɔne akwantu: Wɔn a wɔretu kwan akɔ aman bi a meningococcal yare abu so no fam.
• Akwahosan tebea horow:
• Nnipa a wonni akyi berɛmo anaasɛ wɔn akyi berɛmo asɛe (akisikuru yɛ akwaa a ɛho hia wɔ yɛn nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa no mu).
• Nnipa a wɔwɔ sickle cell yare.
• Nnipa a wɔwɔ mmerɛwyɛ ahorow bi wɔ wɔn nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa no mu, titiriw wɔn a wɔwɔ ɔhaw ahorow wɔ nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no fã bi a wɔfrɛ no ``Complement.''
• Nnipa a wɔnom nnuru a wɔfrɛ no ``complement inhibitors`` (sɛ nhwɛso no ``Eculizumab (Soliris®)`` ne ``Ravulizumab (UltomirisTM)``) a wɔde di dwuma ma ayaresa tebea horow bi a ɛntaa nsi.
• Asetra kwan ne nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia:
• Wɔn a wɔte mmeae a nnipa pii te bɛn wɔn ho wɔn ho, te sɛ sukuupɔn mu adan a wɔda mu ne asraafo atrae no fam. Susuw ho hwɛ, sɛ nnipa pii wɔ dan biako mu a, ɛnyɛ den sɛ mmoawa betumi atrɛw denam ɔfe anaa ahurututu mu, ɛnte saa?
• Nnipa a wonya yare no bere a ɔyare no agu no.
• Wɔn a wɔne saa mmoawa yi yɛ adwuma wɔ nhwehwɛmu dan mu no fam.

Saa yare yi abu so dɛn?

Wɔ aman te sɛ United States mu no, nnipa dodow a wɔanya saa yare yi so atew nkakrankakra fi Wiase Ko II. Wɔ afe 2019 mu no, nnipa 371 pɛ na wɔbɔɔ amanneɛ wɔ hɔ. Nanso, ɔyare nketenkete betumi aba bere ne bere mu, titiriw wɔ nnipa a wɔte bɛn hɔ no mu. Nnuruyɛfo a wɔwɔ Sri Lanka nso de wɔn adwene asi yare yi so, efisɛ ebetumi atrɛw ntɛmntɛm. Enti, ɛho hia paa sɛ wuhu yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no.

Dɛn ne sɛnkyerɛnne ne sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛkyerɛ sɛ obi anya meningococcal yare?

Saa yare yi ho sɛnkyerɛnne pii wɔ hɔ. Sɛ wowɔ eyinom mu bi a, ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm ara. Ɛho hia paa sɛ wohu yare no ntɛm.

Nsɛnkyerɛnne titiriw no betumi ayɛ:

• Merenya atiridiinini kɛse .
• Me ti yɛ me yaw kɛse .
• Kɔn a ɛyɛ den . Eyi yɛ sɛnkyerɛnne a ɛtaa ba a ɛbata meningococcal yare ne meningitis ho. Ebetumi ayɛ te sɛ nea wuntumi nkotow wo kɔn nkɔ w’anim, na ebetumi ayɛ yaw bere a wobɔ mmɔden sɛ wode wo hwene bɛhyɛ wo moma so no.
• Ɛbɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛhwɛ hann a ɛhyerɛn , na ɛte sɛ nea aniwa no dan bruu. Wɔsan frɛ eyi ``Photophobia``.
• Akisikuru, ɔfe ne/anaasɛ yafunu a ɛyɛ yaw ne akisikuru betumi aba.
• Akisikuru bi pue wɔ honam ani a ɛte sɛ nsensanee nketenkete kɔkɔɔ anaa kɔkɔɔ . Eyinom nnyɛ mmerɛw bere a wɔde nhyɛso ahyɛ mu no (akisikuru a ɛnyɛ blanching). Ɛtɔ da bi a, eyinom betumi ayɛ akɛse na ayɛ te sɛ akuru. Eyi yɛ sɛnkyerɛnne pɔtee bi a ɛyɛ hu yiye.

Eyi akyi no, wobetumi ada su afoforo bi nso adi:

• Aduan no nyɛ dɛ.
• Sɛ́ wobɛte nka sɛ w’adwene atu afra anaasɛ wo bo afuw.
• Bere nyinaa mete nka sɛ meda na ɛyɛ den sɛ mɛsɔre.
• Ɛyaw a ɛba ntini ne nkwaa mu.
• Nnyigyei bi te sɛ ahurututu, abubuw.
• Ɛbɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛnantew anaa wobɛgyina hɔ tẽẽ.

Nkokoaa nkumaa betumi ada saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi adi wɔ ɔkwan soronko so. Nhwɛsoɔ:

• Wɔmpɛ sɛ wɔnom nufusu na wɔfe.
• Nipadua no bɛyɛ nea ɛtwetwe anaasɛ ɛyɛ mmerɛw.
• Ɔbrɛ a ɛboro so, mmɔden a wɔbɔ bere nyinaa sɛ wɔbɛda, ɛyɛ den sɛ wɔbɛsɔre.
• Su a wɔde nne a ɛkorɔn (su a ɛkorɔn).
• Beae a ɛyɛ mmerɛw wɔ ti no atifi (fontanelle) no betumi ahonhon na ayɛ den.

Dɛn na ɛde meningococcal yare ba?

Sɛnea yɛadi kan aka no, ɔyare mmoawa bi na ɛde meningococcal yare ba . Ɛyɛ yare a ɛde ɔyare mmoawa ba . Ɛnam ɔhome mu nsu a ɛtwetwe (nsu/ɔhome mu nsu a ɛtɔ) so trɛw fi onipa so kɔ onipa foforo so . Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, ɔyare mmoawa yi betumi atrɛw bere a obi a ɔwɔ yare no kɔfe, ɔfefe, anaasɛ ɔne obi a ɔwɔ yare no di nkitaho kɛse (sɛ nhwɛso no, odi aduan fi prɛte koro mu, ɔnom kuruwa koro mu, ɔfew n’ano, ne nea ɛkeka ho).

Nea ɛho hia: Mmoawa a wɔde meningococcal yare ba no ntumi ntra ase nkyɛ wɔ nipadua no akyi. Enti, ɛnyɛ nea ɛbɛyɛ yiye sɛ ebefi mmeae te sɛ apon ne nkongua so atrɛw. Nanso, ɛyɛ papa sɛ wobɛhwɛ yiye wɔ nneɛma te sɛ nsateaa ne ntini a ɔyarefo no de adi dwuma no ho.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wohu sɛ obi anya meningococcal yare?

Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, ebetumi ayɛ den sɛ wobehu meningococcal yare efisɛ ne sɛnkyerɛnne betumi ayɛ te sɛ nyarewa afoforo te sɛ atiridiinini anaa atiridiinini . Enti, sɛ oduruyɛfo bi besi yare no so dua a, ɛsɛ sɛ ɔhwehwɛ ɔyare mmoawa a wɔfrɛ no Neisseria meningitidis.

Enti, oduruyɛfo no taa yɛ:

• Wɔfa mogya bi na wɔsɔ hwɛ.
• Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, wɔyɛ akyi berɛmo a wɔde tow (Spinal Tap) . Eyi hwehwɛ sɛ wɔfa nsu ketewaa bi a atwa akyi berɛmo no ho ahyia (amemene mu nsu - CSF) na wɔasɔ ahwɛ. Ebia eyi bɛyɛ te sɛ nea ɛyɛ hu kakra, nanso ɛho hia yiye ma yare no a wobehu. Nea enti a ɛte saa ne sɛ etumi hu tẽẽ sɛ mmoawa wɔ nsu no mu anaa.

Wɔde saa nhwɛsode ahorow yi kɔ aduruyɛdan bi mu kɔhwɛ sɛ wobetumi anyin mmoawa no (ayɛ no amammerɛ). Sɛ mmoawa no nyin a, wobetumi asi yare no so dua. Sɛ nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi mu nna hɔ a, oduruyɛfo no betumi ahyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu foforo.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔsa meningococcal yare?

Wɔde nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa sa meningococcal yare . Sɛ wo duruyɛfo susuw sɛ wowɔ yare no a, ebia obefi ase anom nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa ansa na wɔatumi akyerɛ sɛ woahu sɛ wowɔ yare no mpo. Ɛho hia yiye sɛ wufi ase sa yare ntɛm ara sɛnea wubetumi. Wɔtaa de nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa yi ma sɛ nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa a wɔde fa ntini mu, na ebetumi aboa wo ma woanya nea efi mu ba ntɛmntɛm.

Wɔ nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa akyi no, ebia ayaresa afoforo a ɛboa a egyina ɔyarefo no tebea so ho behia. Nhwɛsoɔ:

• Sɛ ɛyɛ den sɛ ɔbɛhome a, wobetumi de oxygen ayaresa ama , ebia wɔde bɛka afiri a wɔde home mpo ho.
• Sɛ mogya mmoroso sua a, ma nnuru .
• Nipadua mu nsu dodow a wɔhwɛ so.
• Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, sɛ honam ani asɛe na ntini no awu a, ebia ɛho behia mpo sɛ wɔyɛ oprehyɛn na wɔasa.

Nsɛnnennen a ɛbata meningococcal yare ho

Eyi yɛ yare a emu yɛ den yiye . Sɛ wɔde nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa sa yare mpo a, ayarefo 100 biara mu 10 kosi 15 bewuwu . Afei nso, wɔn a wɔn ho tɔ wɔn fi yare no mu bɛyɛ 20% betumi anya nkɛntɛnso a ɛtra hɔ kyɛ . Eyinom bi ne:

• Asotiw a wɔyɛ
• Akwaa a ɛyera, titiriw sɛ septicemia no mu yɛ den a.
• Ntini a ɛsɛe
• Asaabo a ɛsɛe
• Amemene a ɛsɛe no betumi de tebea horow te sɛ adesua mu dɛmdi, nkae a ɛyɛ mmerɛw, ne akisikuru aba.
• Wora ho akuru.

Ebetumi agye bere kakra ansa na ne ho atɔ no koraa. Wɔtaa de nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa ma nnafua 7 kosi 10. Nanso, ebetumi agye bere tenten ansa na wo ho atɔ wo koraa, titiriw sɛ wunya ɔhaw ahorow a.

Wobɛyɛ dɛn atumi atew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya meningococcal yare no so?

Nneɛma pii wɔ hɔ a yebetumi ayɛ de abɔ yɛn ho ban afi yare a ɛyɛ hu yi ho.

1. Nya Vaccinane

Wɔ aman te sɛ United States mu no, nnuru ahorow abien na ɛwɔ hɔ a wɔde ko tia meningococcal yare. Wɔ Sri Lanka no, wubetumi anya aduruyɛ mu afotu wɔ eyi ho nso. Ɛyɛ papa titiriw sɛ wɔn a wɔwɔ akuw a asiane kɛse wom mu (sɛ nhwɛso no, nkokoaa a wonnii afe biako, mpanyimfo nkumaa, nnipa a wɔte adan a wɔda mu, ne wɔn a wɔwɔ akwahosan tebea horow bi) sɛ wɔne oduruyɛfo bɛkasa afa saa nnuru a wɔde bɔ nkurɔfo ho ban yi ho. Ebia saa vaccine yi bɛyɛ ahyɛde bere a wɔretu kwan akɔ aman bi so no.

2. Fa Preventive Antibiotics sɛ ɛho hia a

Sɛ worenom nnuru te sɛ ``complement inhibitor'' a yɛadi kan aka ho asɛm a, ebia wo duruyɛfoɔ bɛtu wo fo sɛ fa nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa na asiw meningococcal yareɛ ano berɛ a worenom saa nnuru no. Wɔtaa de saa ``complement inhibitor'' nnuru yi ma tebea horow a ɛntaa nsi te sɛ:

• `Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome` (Eyi yɛ yare a efi mogya mu)
• Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (eyi nso yɛ mogya mu yare) .
• Generalized myasthenia gravis (eyi ma ntini ahorow yɛ mmerɛw) .

Afei nso, sɛ wo ne obi a ɔwɔ meningococcal yareɛ te anaasɛ wo ne no adi nkitaho kɛseɛ (e.g., ofie korɔ mu, wɔ adesuakuo korɔ mu) a, wo duruyɛfoɔ nso bɛtumi aka akyerɛ wo sɛ fa nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa sɛ ɔkwan a wɔfa so siw ano (preventive antibiotics / chemoprophylaxis) Eyi yɛ sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wobekum mmoawa no sɛ wɔwɔ wo nipadua mu dedaw a, woasiw yare no ano, na woasiw wo kwan sɛ wobɛtrɛw akɔ afoforo mu.

3. Fa kwati ne ɔyare mmoawa a wosiw ano di dwuma

Mpɛn pii no, twe wo ho fi nnipa a wɔyare ho, titiriw wɔn a wɔwɔ atiridii anaa ɔfe, bere biara a ɛbɛyɛ yiye . Fa samina ne nsu hohoro wo nsa mpɛn pii na fa hohoro wo ho yiye., anyɛ yiye koraa no, simma 20. Fa aduru a wɔde tew nsa a nsa wom di dwuma bere a samina ne nsu nni hɔ no. Kwati sɛ wode nsa a woanhohoro wo ho bɛka w’ani, wo hwene, ne w’ano. Fa ntini anaa wo nsateaa kata w’ano ne wo hwene so bere a worefefe anaa worefefe no. Ɛwom sɛ eyinom yɛ akwahosan ho nneyɛe a abu so de, nanso ebetumi aboa ma woabɔ wo ho ban afi nyarewa a ɛyɛ hu yi ho nso.

Sɛ wunya meningococcal yare a, dɛn na wubetumi ahwɛ kwan?

Meningococcal yare yɛ tebea a emu yɛ den yiye . Ebetumi ama obi anya `Meningococcal Meningitis` anaa `Meningococcal Septicemia`. Ebetumi akum obi mpo . Enti, ɛho hia sɛ wohwehwɛ ayaresa ntɛm ara sɛnea wubetumi .

Ebia wobefi ase de nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa afi ase ansa na oduruyɛfo no atumi asi so dua sɛ wowɔ meningococcal yare, efisɛ ayaresa ntɛm ma hokwan a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wo ho bɛtɔ wo koraa no yɛ kɛse.

Sɛ wɔsa yare mpo a, nsɛnnennen bi betumi aba. Eyi betumi ama honam ani akwaa anaa emu akwaa asɛe daa. Anaasɛ, ebetumi de bere tiaa mu nsɛnnennen aba, te sɛ ɛyɛ den sɛ wode w’adwene besi biribi so.

Nea ɛho hia no, nea ɛnte sɛ nyarewa afoforo bi no, wubetumi anya meningococcal yare bɛboro pɛnkoro wɔ w’asetra mu. Sɛ wunya no pɛnkoro a, ɛmma wunnya ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa wɔ wo nkwa nna nyinaa mu. Sɛ woanya bi bɛboro pɛnkoro a, ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛpɛ sɛ ɔsɔ wo nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no hwɛ.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn sɛ wususuw sɛ wowɔ meningococcal yare anaasɛ wowɔ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a?

Sɛ wowɔ meningococcal yareɛ ho sɛnkyerɛnne, anaa wosusu sɛ wowɔ bi a, ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfoɔ nkyɛn ntɛm ara, a ɛnkyɛ. Ɛsɛ sɛ wobu eyi sɛ asɛm a egye ntɛmpɛ.

Sɛ wunya ayaresa no ho nneyɛe bɔne biara, anaasɛ wote nka sɛ wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne no mu reyɛ den a, ka kyerɛ wo duruyɛfo ntɛm ara.

Ɛwom sɛ meningococcal yare ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow bi te sɛ atiridiinini ne nipadua mu yaw betumi ayɛ te sɛ nyarewa afoforo a emu nyɛ den de, nanso ɛho hia sɛ wohu yare no na wosa no ntɛm efisɛ ebetumi ayɛ nea emu yɛ den ntɛmntɛm. Sɛ wo anaa wo ba wɔ saa sɛnkyerɛnne yi bi, titiriw kɔn a ɛyɛ den , atiridiinini, ne honam ani akisikuru , hwɛ hu sɛ wobɛkɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn. Vaccine a wobenya no yɛ anammɔn a ɛho hia sen biara a wɔfa so siw eyi ano no mu biako.

Nneɛma a ɛho hia paa a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛkae fi saa asɛm yi mu (Take-Home Message) .

Okay, enti seesei woanya nteaseɛ pa wɔ deɛ yɛaka ho asɛm no ho, meningococcal yareɛ. Kae:

• Meningococcal yare yɛ ɔyare a emu yɛ den yiye, a ɛtrɛw ntɛmntɛm a mmoawa na ɛde ba .
• Atiridiinini, tiyɛ a emu yɛ den, kɔn a ɛyɛ den , ne nsensanee kɔkɔɔ/kɔla kɔkɔɔ wɔ honam ani (titiriw nsensanee a ɛnyɛ mmerɛw bere a wɔamia no) ne kɔkɔbɔ nsɛnkyerɛnne atitiriw. Sɛ wuhu eyinom a , kɔ oduruyɛfo ntɛm ara .Bere ho hia paa.
• Sɛ wohu yare no ntɛm na wɔde nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa sa yare a, ɛho hia kɛse na ama wɔagye nkwa na wɔatew nsɛnnennen a ɛtra hɔ kyɛ so.
• Vaccination ne ɔkwan a eye sen biara a wobɛfa so abɔ wo ho ban afi yare yi ho, titiriw ma wɔn a wɔwɔ akuw a asiane kɛse wom mu. Wo ne wo duruyɛfo nka eyi ho asɛm.
• Ankorankoro ahotew (nsa a wobɛhohoro mpɛn pii, w’ano a wobɛkata bere a worefe/fefe) ne nnipa a wɔyare a wobɛtwe wo ho afi ho nso ho hia.
• Sɛ́ anka wubesuro yare yi no, nyansa wom sɛ wobɛbɔ wo amanneɛ yiye na woatu anammɔn a ɛho hia . Sɛ wo anaa w’abusua mu bi wɔ nsɛmmisa bi fa eyi ho a, ntwentwɛn wo nan ase da sɛ wo ne oduruyɛfo bɛkasa.

` Meningococcal Yareɛ, Meningococcal Yareɛ, Mmoawa Nyarewa, Meningitis, Nsɛnkyerɛnneɛ, Vaccine, Nnuru a ɛko tia ɔyare mmoawa, Neisseria meningitidis