So ɛte sɛ nea mogya ntini foforo reyɛ wɔ w’ani mu? So yɛbɛka aniwa no ntini foforo yi ho asɛm?

Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, yɛn ani nya ɔhaw ahorow a yɛnhwɛ kwan, ɛnte saa? Mpofirim ara, yɛn ani so yɛ kusuu, anaa yɛn ani yɛ kɔkɔɔ na ɛyɛ yaw. Ebia tebea bi wɔ saa nneɛma yi akyi a yɛntee ho asɛm pii. Tebea a ɛte saa no biako ne ocular neovascularization, anaasɛ mogya ntini foforo a ɛba aniwa no mu.

Dɛn ne mogya ntini foforo a ɛba aniwa no mu? (Aniwa no Ntini a Ɛyɛ Foforo) .

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, eyi ne bere a mogya ntini foforo ba aniwa no mu. Nanso, mogya ntini yi nyin wɔ mmeae a ɛnsɛ sɛ enyin, akwan horow a ɛnsɛ sɛ enyin, na ɛtɔ mmere bi a ɛboro so . Wonyin te sɛ nwura. Ntini foforo a ɛyɛ nhama nso betumi ayɛ wɔ mogya ntini foforo yi ntam. Ɛno ne bere a anisoadehu fi ase nya nkɛntɛnso.

Eyi ne nea yɛfrɛ no wɔ aduruyɛ mu ``Neovascularization``, mogya ntini foforo a wɔmpɛ a ɛba aniwa no mu. Eyi betumi ama aniwa no ho ayɛ hyew na akuru ayɛ no , na awiei koraa no ebetumi ama aniwa no so atew anaasɛ ayera koraa . Mpɛn pii no, opira anaa yare bi a ɛkɔ so na ɛde tebea yi ba .

Ɛhe na mogya ntini foforo yi betumi ayɛ wɔ aniwa no mu?

Afei ma yɛnhwɛ aniwa no afã horow a mogya ntini foforo yi betumi aka. Aniwa yɛ akwaa a ɛyɛ den yiye na ɛyɛ mmerɛw.

• Choroid: Eyi wɔ retina ne sclera, aniwa no fã fitaa no ntam. Ɛha na mogya ntini dodow no ara a ɛde mogya kɔ aniwa no mu no wɔ.
• Retina: Eyi ne baabi a hann a ɛkɔ aniwa no mu no dan anyinam ahoɔden nsɛnkyerɛnne na ɛde kɔ amemene no mu. Eyi na ɛma yetumi hu nneɛma.
• Macula: Eyi wɔ retina no mfinimfini. Ɛboa yɛn ma yehu nneɛma a ɛwɔ yɛn anim tẽẽ no pefee.
• Iris: Eyi ne aniwa no fã a ɛma ɛyɛ ne kɔla. Kurukuruwa tuntum ketewa a ɛwɔ mfinimfini a ɛyɛ pupil , nso wɔ ha.
• Cornea: Eyi ne aniwa no fã a emu da hɔ na ɛte sɛ ahwehwɛ wɔ anim, te sɛ mfɛnsere.
• Conjunctiva: Eyi yɛ ntini a ɛyɛ tratraa a ɛbɔ aniwa no ho ban.

Mogya ntini foforo a ɛba ntini no mu `(Choroidal Neovascularization - CNV)`

Afei momma yɛnhwɛ saa `(Choroid)` yi, kyerɛ sɛ, mogya ntini foforo a ɛba wɔ ntini no mu. Wɔfrɛ eyi `(Choroidal Neovascularization - CNV)`.

Wɔtaa hu eyi wɔ nnipa a wɔn ani a ɛyɛ mmerɛw (AMD) a wɔn mfe akɔ anim no mu. Nnuruyɛfo gye di sɛ nea ɛde ba ne nnuru bi a wɔfrɛ no Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) a obi a ɔwɔ AMD retina na ɛyɛ no dodow a ɛkɔ soro.

Mogya ntini foforo yi nyɛ nea ɛfata. Wɔyɛ mmerɛw yiye, te sɛ paipu a abubu.Eyi betumi ama nsu, na ɛtɔ mmere bi mpo a mogya atu akɔ retina no mu. Fa no sɛ ɛte sɛ balloon ketewaa bi a nsu ahyɛ mu ma, na akisikuru betumi ayɛ wɔ retina no so.

Saa nneɛma a ɛde `(CNV)` ba yi nso betumi ama mogya ntini foforo ayɛ wɔ mfinimfini retina no mu (Macular Neovascularization - MNV). Nanso, ɛtɔ da bi a `(MNV)` tumi ba a ntease biara nni mu. Wɔ tebea a ɛte saa mu no, wɔsan frɛ no `(Idiopathic)`, a ɛkyerɛ "nea wonnim nea ɛde ba".

Aniwa mu Ntini Foforo a Wɔyɛ

Afei, momma yɛnka mogya ntini foforo a ɛba wɔ ani no mu ho asɛm. Kae sɛ aniwa no fã a emu da hɔ no yɛ aniwa no fã a emu da hɔ. Mpɛn pii no, enni mogya ntini biara koraa. Ɛno nti na ɛda adi pefee saa no. Enti, sɛ mogya ntini foforo hyehyɛ mu a, saa pefeeyɛ no betumi asɛe, na ebetumi ayɛ te sɛ sum. Eyi betumi ama anisoadehu ayɛ kusuu.

Saa ``Corneal Neovascularization`` yi ne aniwa tebea ahorow wɔ abusuabɔ.

Retinal Neovascularization a Wɔde Yɛ Ntini Foforo

Retina neovascularization yɛ mogya ntini foforo a ɛnyɛ ne kwan so a ɛba retina no mu. Kae sɛ retina no ne baabi a nkwammoaa a ɛte hann no wɔ. Saa tebea yi betumi afi nyarewa ne opira ahorow mu aba. Mogya ntini foforo yi yɛ mmerɛw na ebetumi ama mogya atu na nsu atu.

Neovascularization a ɛwɔ Iris no mu

Iris Neovascularization yɛ mogya ntini foforo ne nea ɛnteɛ a ɛba wɔ iris no mu – aniwa no fã a ɛma aniwa no kɔla. Wɔsan frɛ no Rubeosis Iridis. Ɛne atiridiinini bi a emu yɛ den a wɔfrɛ no Neovascular Glaucoma wɔ abusuabɔ. Glaucoma yɛ yare a ɛsɛe aniwa ntini no na ɛyɛ asiane kɛse ma aniwa so.

Dɛn ne tebea yi ho sɛnkyerɛnne?

Afei ma yɛnhwɛ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a yɛte nka na yɛnhwɛ bere a mogya ntini foforo ba aniwa no mu no. Saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi betumi ayɛ soronko a egyina baabi a mogya ntini foforo no ayɛ so.

Sɛ mogya ntini foforo ba choroid ne macula no mu a:

• Ebia nneɛma a wuhu no bɛyɛ te sɛ nea wɔakyinkyim na wɔakyinkyim , te sɛ nsu mu a wobɛhwɛ anaa ahwehwɛ a akyeakyea mu a wobɛhwɛ.
• Sɛ wohwɛ w’anim tẽẽ a, ebia wubehu baabi a hwee nni hɔ anaasɛ baabi tuntum bi wɔ w’anisoadehu no mfinimfini .

Sɛ mogya ntini foforo ba aniwa no mu (Corneal Vascularization): .

Ebia worennya yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne biara koraa. Nanso, sɛ woyɛ saa a, ebia wubehyia nea edidi so yi:

• Aniwa mu yaw.
• Aniwa a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ.
• Aniwa a ɛyɛ nsu.
• Sensitivity to light (Photophobia) - Wei kyerε sε εyε den sε wobεhwε nneεma te sε owia hann ne kanea a εhyerɛn.
• Sɛ wohyɛ ahwehwɛ a wɔde hwɛ ade a, ebia worentumi nhyɛ bɛboro nnɔnhwerew kakraa bi.

Dɛn nti na eyi rekɔ so? Dɛn ne nea enti a ɛte saa?

Okay, afei momma yɛnhwɛ nea enti a mogya ntini foforo ba aniwa no mu wɔ saa kwan yi so, ne nea ɛde ba. Nea enti a saa nhyehyɛe ahorow yi yɛ soronko kakra wɔ beae biara.

Nea ɛde mogya ntini foforo ba wɔ choroid ne macula mu:

• Macular degeneration: Eyi ne ade titiriw a ɛde ba.
• Nhumu a ɛbɛn a ɛtra so.
• Ocular histoplasmosis yɛ fungal yare a ɛba aniwa no mu.
• Aniwa a wɔapirapira.
• Angioid streaks: Eyinom te sɛ mpaapaemu a ɛba wɔ retina no ntoatoaso no biako mu.
• Uveitis: Eyi yɛ aniwa mu nyarewa kuw bi a ebetumi ama aniwa no mu ayɛ hyew, ayɛ kɔkɔɔ, na aniwa no ayɛ no yaw.

Nea ɛde mogya ntini foforo ba wɔ ani no mu:

• Nyarewa a wonya fi awo mu: Eyinom yɛ nyarewa a ɛwɔ hɔ bere a wɔawo no.
• Aniwa a ɛyɛ hu: Sɛ nhwɛso no, nnuru a ɛhyew.
• Keratitis a ɛde ɔyare mmoawa ba.
• Nneɛma a ɛma obi ho yɛ no hyew.
• Nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa ne ɔyare a ɛma obi ho hyehye no.
• Sɛ wɔde ahwehwɛ a wɔde hwɛ ade di dwuma bere tenten a, ebetumi ama ntini mu oxygen ahwere (Hypoxia).
• Pow a nipadua no pow aniwa a wɔde ahyɛ nipadua no mu.

Nneɛma a ɛma mogya ntini foforo ba retina no mu:

• Retinitis a ɛyɛ mmerɛw.
• Retinopathy: Nea ɛka eyi ho ne tebea horow te sɛ asikreyare a ɛfa retinopathy, sickle cell retinopathy, ne retinopathy a ɛba ntɛm.
• Mogya a ɛkɔ mogya ntini atitiriw a ɛwɔ wo kɔn mu (carotid arteries) mu no so tew.
• Retinal vein occlusion: Eyi ne mogya ntini bi a esiw wɔ retina no mu.

Nneɛma a ɛde mogya ntini foforo ba wɔ iris no mu:

• Asikreyare a ɛfa aniwa mu yare ho.
• Mfinimfini retina ntini a ɛtwetwe.
• Ocular ischemic syndrome: Tebea a mogya a ɛkɔ aniwa no mu a ɛso tew na ɛde ba.
• Retina a ɛtwetwe: Eyi ne bere a retina no tetew ne ho fi ntini a ɛboa no ho.
• Uveitis a ɛma obi nya ɔyare.

Wobɛyɛ dɛn ahu eyi? Dɛn ne sɔhwɛ ahorow no?

Wiɛ, sɛ wowɔ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow te sɛ eyinom a, ɔkwan bɛn so na oduruyɛfo bi hu no pɛpɛɛpɛ? Sɔhwɛ ahorow pii wɔ hɔ a wɔde bɛyɛ saa.

• Dilated slit kanea aniwa nhwehwɛmu:Wɔ eyi mu no, wɔde aniwa mu nsu gu aniwa no so, wɔma aniwa no yɛ kɛse, na wɔde adwinnade titiriw bi te sɛ afiri a wɔde hwɛ ade ketewaa bi hwehwɛ aniwa no mu yiye.
• Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT): Eyi te sɛ aniwa no mu nhwehwɛmu. Ebetumi atwa nsensanee a ɛwɔ aniwa no mu no ho mfonini a emu da hɔ. Ebetumi ahwehwɛ nneɛma te sɛ mogya ntini foforo ne nsu a ɛretu.
• Fluorescein angiography anaa Indocyanine green angiography: Eyi hwehwɛ sɛ wode aduru titiriw bi bɛhyɛ ntini bi a ɛwɔ wo nsa mu mu na woatwa mogya ntini a ɛwɔ w’ani mu no mfonini. Eyi betumi ada nneɛma te sɛ mogya ntini a asiw ne nea ɛretu adi pefee.

Dɛn ne ayaresa ahorow no?

Ɛsono sɛnea wɔsa tebea yi , na egyina nea ɛde ba ne aniwa no fã a ɛka no so. Mpɛn pii no, nea ɛka saa ayaresa ahorow yi ho ne nnuru ne/anaasɛ nea woyi fi mogya mu, a ɛsɛe mogya ntini foforo a ɛnyɛ ne kwan so no.

Nnuru ahorow a wɔde di dwuma:

Eyinom bi yɛ nnuru a wɔde twitwiw aniwa no mu a wɔde gu aniwa no mu tẽẽ. Eyinom yɛ adwuma titiriw denam nnuru bi a wɔfrɛ no VEGF a ɛhwɛ so na ɛtew mogya ntini foforo a ɛba so no so.

• `Bevacizumab (Avastin®)` (Wɔde eyi di dwuma `(off-label)`, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɛnyɛ yare a wɔapene so ama no nti, na mmom esiane sɛ wonim sɛ mfaso wɔ so nti)
• `Brolucizumab (Beovu®) a wɔde di dwuma wɔ aduruyɛ mu`
• `Aflibercept (Eylea®)`
• `Ranibizumab (Lucentis®)`
• Gene therapy: Eyi yɛ ɔkwan foforo a wɔfa so sa yare a wɔda so ara wɔ nhwehwɛmu mu.
• MMP inhibitors: Sɛ nhwɛso no, aduru bi a wɔfrɛ no Doxycycline , a wɔde ma de kanyan mogya ntini foforo a ɛwɔ ani no mu no nyin.

Akwan a ɛsɛe ntini a ɛnyɛ ne kwan so:

• Laser ablation therapy: Eyi de laser hann di dwuma de "hyew" na ɛsɛe mogya ntini foforo no.
• Photodynamic therapy (PDT): Nea ɛka eyi ho ne sɛ wɔde aduru bi a ɛma hann tew aniwa no mu, afei wɔde hann soronko bi hyerɛn aniwa no mu de paw sɛe mogya ntini a ɛnyɛ ne kwan so no.
• Cauterization: Saa kwan yi de ɔhyew di dwuma de sa mogya ntini a ɛnyɛ ne kwan so.

Kae nso: Saa ayaresa ahorow yi betumi de ɔhaw ahorow aba. Sɛ nhwɛso no, steroid ne nnuru a ekum VEGF betumi anya nkɛntɛnso bɔne a ɛka nipadua no nyinaa. Afei nso, sɛ wɔsɛe mogya ntini a, ɛtɔ mmere bi a ntini a ɛte apɔw betumi asɛe. Enti, ɛho hia sɛ wo ne wo duruyɛfo susuw mfaso ne ɔhaw ahorow a ɛwɔ ayaresa biara mu ho na wopaw nea eye ma wo.

Dɛn na yebetumi ayɛ de abɔ yɛn ho ban afi tebea yi ho?

Bere a wontumi nsiw tebea yi ano koraa no, nneɛma bi wɔ hɔ a yebetumi ayɛ de ahwɛ yɛn ani so na yɛatew asiane no so:

• Ansa na wobɛhwɛ w’ani soFa samina hohoro wo nsa yiye.
• Sɛ wohyɛ ahwehwɛ a wɔde hwɛ ahwehwɛ a, di akwankyerɛ a ɛfata a ɛfa sɛnea wode bedi dwuma ne sɛnea wobɛhohoro ho no akyi. Mfa nhyɛ nkyɛ nsen bere a wɔahyɛ ato hɔ no. Yi wɔn bere a woada no.
• Bisa wo duruyɛfo no nnuan ne nnuru a wɔde ka ho a ebetumi aboa ma w’ani ayɛ yiye. Wɔ nnipa a wɔwɔ AMD fam no, nnuru bi wɔ hɔ a wɔde ka ho a wɔfrɛ no AREDS 2 a ebetumi aboa ma yare no agyae anaasɛ asiw ne nkɔso so wɔ ne mfiase.
• Di asetra kwan a ahoɔden wom akyi. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ wubedi aduan a ɛkari pɛ, ateɛteɛ w’apɔw mu daa , na woakwati sigaretnom. Sɛ wowɔ ayaresa tebea bi te sɛ asikreyare anaa mogya mmoroso a, di so yiye.

Dɛn na yebetumi ahwɛ kwan wɔ tebea yi ho?

Sɛ wɔansa mogya ntini foforo yi a, w’ani so bɛtew nkakrankakra na awiei koraa no ayera. Ɛno benya w’asetra so nkɛntɛnso kɛse, ɛnte saa?

Nneɛma pii wɔ hɔ a ɛka sɛ ebia ayaresa no bɛyɛ yiye anaa. Eyinom bi ne baabi a mogya no tu, sɛnea emu yɛ den, mfe a woadi, ne sɛ ebia wowɔ akwahosan ho haw afoforo anaa. Dodow a wohu no ntɛm na wɔsa no, dodow no ara na nea efi mu ba no ye.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mekɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn?

Sɛ mpofirim ara w’ani nhu ade yiye, w’aniwa yɛ wo yaw kɛse, anaasɛ w’aniwa yɛ hyew a ɛma ɛyɛ den sɛ wubehu hann a, kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm ara. Afei nso, sɛ wuhu nsakrae biara wɔ w’ani so (sɛ nhwɛso no, w’aniwa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw, nsensanee tuntum), anaa sɛnkyerɛnne foforo biara a wususuw sɛ ebetumi ayɛ ɔhaw a, kɔ aniwa ho oduruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm ara.

Ɛho hia nso sɛ woyɛ w’ani mu nhwehwɛmu daa sɛnea w’ani duruyɛfo kamfo kyerɛ no. Sɛ wowɔ asiane mu ma aniwa mu tebea horow bi (sɛ nhwɛso no, asikreyare, abusua abakɔsɛm a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wowɔ AMD) a, ebia ebehia sɛ wokɔ mpɛn pii.

So ``Neovascularization'' ne ``Angiogenesis'' yɛ nneɛma abien a ɛsono emu biara?

Eyi yɛ asɛm a emu dɔ kakra, nanso sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, `(Angiogenesis)` yɛ adeyɛ a ɛma mogya ntini foforo fi mogya ntini a ɛwɔ hɔ dedaw no mu. `(Vasculogenesis)` yɛ mogya ntini foforo a efi ase fi nkwammoaa mu (te sɛ nea efi ase fi mfiase). `(Neovascularization)` betumi adi dwuma de ayɛ mogya ntini foforo wɔ akwan abien no nyinaa so. Enti `(Neovascularization)` yɛ asɛmfua a ɛtrɛw kakra, na ebetumi aka mogya ntini foforo a ɛba yi nyinaa ho.

Nneɛma a ɛho hia paa a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛkae fi saa asɛm yi mu ne

Enti, yɛaka saa tebea yi a wɔfrɛ no ``Neovascularization of the Eye'', baabi a mogya ntini foforo ba aniwa no mu no ho asɛm pii. Bere a eyi betumi ayɛ te sɛ nea ɛyɛ hu kakra no, sɛ wohu na wɔsa no yare wɔ bere a ɛfata mu a, hokwan kɛse wɔ hɔ sɛ wobetumi adi tebea no ho dwuma na wɔakora anisoadehu so.

• Sɛ wohu nsakrae mpofirim wɔ w’ani so, wo ho yɛ kɔkɔɔ, wote yaw, anaasɛ ɛyɛ den sɛ wubehu ade wɔ hann a ano yɛ den mu a, nkyɛ. Kɔ aniwa ho oduruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm ara.
• Sɛ wowɔ tebea horow te sɛ asikreyare, hyperopia, anaa abusua abakɔsɛm a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wowɔ AMD a, ma wɔnhwɛ w’ani daa sɛnea wo duruyɛfo kyerɛ wo no.
• Fa aduru a wo duruyɛfo akyerɛw ama wo no di dwuma pɛpɛɛpɛ, di n’akwankyerɛ akyi, na nnyae ayaresa no mfinimfini.
• Kwati sigaretnom koraa. Sigaretnom pira aniwa akwahosan kɛse, titiriw wɔ tebea horow te sɛ AMD ne asikreyare aniwa yare ho.
• Ɛnyɛ sɛ aduan pa a wudi ne apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ daa ye ma w’ani nko, na mmom wo nipadua nyinaa nso. Fa nhabannuru a ɛyɛ ahabammono, nnuaba, ne mpataa a omega-3 pii wom ka w’aduan ho.

Kae sɛ w’ani som bo paa. Wɔyɛ nneɛma a ɛsom bo sen biara a yɛwɔ na yɛahu wiase. Enti, ɛyɛ w’asɛyɛde sɛ wobɛhwɛ wɔn yiye. Sɛ wudi kan hu na woyɛ nneɛma a ɛho hia a, wubetumi akwati ɔhaw pii.

` Neovascularization of the Eye, Aniwa Nyarewa, Anisoadehu, Retina, Aniwa Ho Nnuruyɛ, Aniwa Ayaresa