So ɛyɛ den ma wo ba no sɛ ɔbɛkenkan? Momma yensua akenkan a wontumi nkenkan ho ade.

Ɛtɔ da bi a, yɛn mma no nya ɔhaw kakra wɔ sukuu adwuma mu, ɛnte saa? Titiriw nneɛma te sɛ akenkan. Enti sɛ wo ba di mmofra afoforo akyi kakra wɔ akenkan mu a, ebia ɔwɔ tebea bi a wɔfrɛ no dyslexia. Momma yɛnka eyi ho asɛm tiawa, ɛnte saa?

Dɛn ne Dyslexia?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, akenkan a wontumi nkenkan yɛ ade a ɛma obi ntumi nsua ade. Nanso so ɛyɛ adepa ? Abofra a ɔwɔ adesua mu dɛmdi no yɛ den kakra sɛ ɔbɛte nsɛmfua, nkyerɛwde, ne ɛtɔ mmere bi a akontaahyɛde ase na ɔde adi dwuma. Adesua mu dɛmdi ahorow pii te sɛ eyi wɔ hɔ. Enti sɛ abofra bi rebɔ mmɔden kɛse na ɔde nsiyɛ besua ade, nanso ɛyɛ den ma no sɛ obesua akenkan a, ɛno ne nea yɛfrɛ no dyslexia. Nea ɛho hia ne sɛ, eyi nkyerɛ sɛ wo ba no nyɛ onyansafo. Ebia wɔyɛ anifere paa, nanso akenkan kɛkɛ betumi ayɛ den.

Dɛn na ɛde dyslexia ba?

Sɛnea yɛadi kan aka no, akenkan a wontumi nkenkan nyɛ yare. Ɛyɛ tebea a wɔde wo obi. Mpɛn pii no, sɛ obi wɔ abusua no mu yare no a, ebetumi aka mmofra nso. Nnipa a wɔwɔ dyslexia nyɛ nkwaseafo, na saa ara nso na wɔnyɛ anihafo. Sɛ wɔkyekyem pɛpɛɛpɛ a, nnipa dodow no ara wɔ nyansa anaasɛ ɛboro saa mpo. Wɔyɛ adwumaden a ɛyɛ nwonwa de di wɔn akenkan mu nsɛnnennen no so nkonim.

Nhwehwɛmu ada no adi sɛ nsonsonoe kakra a ɛwɔ ɔkwan a amemene no fa so di nsɛm ho dwuma no mu na ɛde akenkan a wontumi nkenkan no yiye. Fa no sɛ ɛte sɛ kɔmputa. Enti obi a ɔwɔ akenkan mu yɛ den amemene di nsɛmfua ne nkyerɛwde ho nsɛm ho dwuma wɔ ɔkwan soronko so kakra sen obi a onni akenkan mu haw. Sɛ nyansahufo hwehwɛ sɛnea amemene no yɛ adwuma mu a, wohu sɛ amemene no afã horow a nnipa a wɔn akenkan mu yɛ den de di dwuma bere a wɔkenkan ade no yɛ soronko wɔ afã horow a nnipa a wonni akenkan mu haw no de di dwuma no ho. Afei nso, nnipa a wɔwɔ dyslexia amemene nyɛ adwuma yiye saa bere a wɔkenkan no. Ɛno nti na akenkan betumi ayɛ te sɛ nea ɛboro so na ɛyɛ den ma wɔn no.

Dɛn na ɛkɔ so ankasa wɔ dyslexia mu?

Mmofra nkumaa dodow no ara fi ase kenkan denam sua a wosua sɛ wobehu nnyigyei akuw nketewa a ɛka bom yɛ asɛmfua bi (yɛfrɛ saa ɛnne nnyigyei ho nimdeɛ – a ɛyɛ tumi a wotumi hu nnyigyei ankorankoro a ɛwɔ asɛmfua bi mu) na afei wosua sɛ wɔde saa nnyigyei no bɛbata nkyerɛwde a ɛwɔ nkyerɛwde no mu ho (yɛfrɛ eyi nnyigyei – a ɛyɛ tumi a wotumi sua nnyigyei a ɛne nkyerɛwde biara kɔ). Ɛno ansa na wosua sɛ wɔde saa nnyigyei no bɛka abom de ayɛ nsɛmfua. Bere kɔ so no, wobetumi ahu nsɛm a wɔtaa de di dwuma denam nea wohu so.

Fa no sɛ akenkan te sɛ nea wote sakre so. Ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ nneɛma pii bere koro mu, ne bere a ɛsɛ mu yiye. Sɛ wɔde adesua di dwuma a, mmofra a wotumi kenkan ade sɛnea ɛsɛ no de nkakrankakra befi ase akenkan bere a wohu nsɛmfua no ara pɛ. Afei wobetumi de ahoɔden a ɛwɔ wɔn amemene mu no ate nea wɔakenkan no ase na wɔakae.

Nanso, wɔ mmofra a wontumi nkenkan ade yiye fam no, ɛnne nnyigyei ho nimdeɛ ne ɛnne nnyigyei ho hia.Ɔhaw no wɔ (nnyigyei-nkyerɛwde) nkitahodi ahorow no ho. Enti akenkan mma wɔn awosu mu, ɛyɛ biribi a ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ denneennen, yiye. Sɛ abofra bi di apere wɔ akenkan mu anammɔn a edi kan yi ho a, ɛnyɛ nwonwa sɛ ohyia ɔhaw wɔ nea ɔrekenkan no ntease mu, na n’abam bu.

Adwene a ɛnteɛ a wɔtaa nya wɔ dyslexia ho ne sɛ nkyerɛwde anaa nsɛmfua pue animtiaabu – sɛ nhwɛso no, ‘was’ te sɛ ‘saw’. Ɔhaw a ɛte sɛɛ betumi ayɛ tebea a ɛma obi ntumi nkenkan ade yiye no fã. Nanso, ɛtaa ba paa sɛ mmofra nkumaa hu na wɔkyerɛw nkrataa a wɔabɔ wɔn tirim kosi sɛ wobedu wɔn afe a edi kan anaa nea ɛto so abien mu. Ɛnyɛ mmofra a wɔn akenkan mu yɛ den nkutoo na eyi yɛ. Ɔhaw atitiriw a ɛwɔ mmofra a wɔn akenkan mu yɛ den so ne nneɛma a ɛfa ɛnne nnyigyei ho nimdeɛ, nkyerɛwde ne nnyigyei ntam abusuabɔ (nnyigyei), ne nsɛmfua a wohu ntɛmntɛm ho.

Dɛn ne sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ebetumi ama wɔahu obi a ɔwɔ akenkan a wontumi nkenkan no yiye?

Ebia ɛsono saa su ahorow yi wɔ abofra biara mu, nanso nneɛma kakraa bi wɔ hɔ a yebetumi ahu sɛ ɛyɛ pɛ. Ma yɛnhwɛ nea wɔyɛ.

Mmofra a wonnya nkɔɔ sukuu ne mfitiase sukuu su ahorow

Sɛ wo ba kumaa no wɔ mmofra a wonnya nkɔɔ sukuu anaa mfitiase sukuu mu a, ma w’ani nna hɔ wɔ nneɛma yi ho:

• Sɛ aka akyi dodo sɛ wubefi ase akasa a.
• Sɛ nsɛmfua atenten yɛ den sɛ wɔbɛbɔ (e.g. ‘ɔwɔ’ nnyigyei te sɛ ‘sapphire’).
• Sɛ ɛyɛ den ma wo sɛ wobɛbɔ nsɛmfua din a, hwehwɛ nsɛmfua a ɛne ne ho hyia (e.g. kyerɛwdua, nsa, aduan, anonne).
• Sɛ ɛyɛ den ma wo sɛ wubesua sɛnea nkyerɛwde no nnidiso nnidiso, nna a ɛwɔ dapɛn no mu, kɔla, nsusuwii, ne akontaahyɛde ahorow.
• Sɛ ɛyɛ den ma wo sɛ wubesua nkyerɛwde din ne ne nnyigyei (e.g. nkyerɛwde ‘A’ nnyigyei yɛ ‘a’, nkyerɛwde ‘B’ nnyigyei yɛ ‘b’).
• Sɛ ɛyɛ den ma wo sɛ wubesua akenkan ne wo din a wobɛkyerɛw a.
• Sɛ ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛkyerɛ nsonsonoeɛ a ɛda nnyigyeiɛ (s.e., ‘am-ma’) ne nnyigyeiɛ (phonemes - s.e., ‘b’, ‘a’, ‘l’ wɔ asɛmfua te sɛ ‘ba-l-di-ya’ mu) ntam wɔ asɛmfua bi mu a.
• Sɛ ɛyɛ den ma wo sɛ wobɛbɔ nsɛmfua a ɛnyɛ den denam nkyerɛwde a wobɛka abom so (e.g., ka sɛ 'ಗಾ-ಸ' = 'ಗಾಸ').
• Sɛ ɛyɛ den ma wo sɛ wode nkyerɛwde no besisi nnidiso nnidiso a ɛfata bere a worekenkan anaa worekyerɛw nsɛmfua (sɛ nhwɛso no, wokyerɛw anaa wokenkan biribi te sɛ ‘atiefo’ sen sɛ wobɛkenkan ‘ɔkasa’).
• Sɛ ɛyɛ den ma wo sɛ wobɛkyerɛw nsaano nkyerɛwee a ɛyɛ fɛ na woayɛ nneɛma nketenkete fɛfɛɛfɛ (fine-motor coordination – e.g., buttoning buttons, tying shohaces).

Mmofra a wɔanyinyin, mmofra nkumaa, ne mpanyimfo su ahorow

Mmofra a wɔn mfe akɔ anim, mpanyimfo nkumaa, ne mpanyimfo nso betumi anya yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne a yɛaka ho asɛm wɔ atifi hɔ no. Nea ɛka ho no, ebia wubehu nneɛma yi nso:

• Sɛ wɔyɛ mmerɛw kɛse wɔ akenkan ne nkyerɛwde mu sen afoforo a wɔn mfe akɔ anim a.
• Sɛ wɔbɔ mmɔden sɛ wɔbɛkwati akenkan ne akyerɛw (e.g., wɔka sɛ wɔyɛ anihafo dodo sɛ wɔbɛkenkan nhoma, nanso sɛ wɔka kyerɛ wɔn sɛ wɔnkyerɛw a, wɔma wɔn ho mu).
• Sɛ woyɛ adwumaden ankasa wɔ akenkan, akyerɛw dwumadi ahorow, ne sɔhwɛ ahorow mu, na wugye bere tenten sen afoforo a.
• Sɛ amannɔne kasa bi (e.g. Borɔfo, Franse kasa) yɛ den yiye sɛ wobesua a.

Wobɛyɛ dɛn ahu sɛ obi anya akenkan ne akyerɛw a wontumi nkenkan yiye?

Mpɛn pii no, wohu sɛ abofra bi wɔ mfitiase sukuu mu sɛ obi anya akenkan ne akyerɛw. Nanso, ɛtɔ mmere bi a, ɛda adi bere a abofra anyin kakra na wɔhwɛ kwan sɛ ɔbɛkenkan nsɛm atenten a ɛyɛ den na wate ase no. Sɛ abofra kumaa a ne ho akokwaw a ɔyɛ osuani pa da so ara yɛ den ma akenkan ne akyerɛw a, eyi nso betumi ayɛ sɛnkyerɛnne a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ontumi nkenkan ade yiye.

Bere a akenkan ho ɔbenfo anaa adwene ho ɔbenfo ayɛ nhwehwɛmu a edi mũ akyi nkutoo na wobetumi ahu sɛ obi anya akenkan ne akyerɛw. Wobetumi afa sukuu no so anaa abɔnten so ayɛ eyi. Wo ba no mmofra oduruyɛfo nso nim akenkan a wontumi nkenkan no ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow na obetumi de wo akɔ mmoa a ɛfata nkyɛn.

Nea ɛho hia sen biara ne sɛ, bere tenten a wotwentwɛn wo nan ase sɛ wobɛboa mmofra a wontumi nkenkan ade yiye no, dodow no ara na akenkan mu haw no yɛ kɛse na abofra no bu ne ho no so tew. Enti, ɛho hia yiye sɛ wuhu saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi na wofi akenkan ho ntetee titiriw ase wɔ mfitiase sukuu mu.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wobedi akenkan a wontumi nkenkan yiye ho dwuma?

Asɛmpa no ne sɛ, sɛ wɔboa mmofra pii na wɔboa wɔn a, wobetumi asua akenkan na wɔayɛ akwan horow a ɛboa wɔn ma wosua ade wɔ sukuu dan a wɔtaa yɛ no mu.

Wɔtaa ne ɔkyerɛkyerɛfo, ɔkyerɛkyerɛfo, anaa akenkan ho ɔbenfo a wɔatete no titiriw yɛ adwuma de sua sɛnea wɔkenkan, kyerɛw, na wodi tebea no ho dwuma. Ebia wo ba no kyerɛkyerɛfo, adwene ne nneyɛe ho ɔbenfo, anaa mmofra oduruyɛfo bɛkamfo nhomasua mu ayaresa ho ɔbenfo (ɛtɔ mmere bi a wɔfrɛ no nhomasua ho ɔyaresafo anaa adesua kasa ho ɔyaresafo) akyerɛ no. Eyinom yɛ nnipa a wɔatete wɔn titiriw sɛ wɔne mmofra a wɔn akenkan mu yɛ den nyɛ adwuma.

Wɔ Sri Lanka no, mmoa a mmofra yi nya wɔ sukuu mu no betumi ayɛ soronko. Nanso, ɛho hia sɛ wo ne akyerɛkyerɛfo a wɔwɔ sukuu no mu kasa na wosusuw akwan pɔtee bi a wo ba no fa so kyerɛkyerɛ ho, te sɛ bere foforo a wode bɛyɛ sɔhwɛ anaa fie nnwuma, anaa boa ma ɔkyerɛw nsɛm. Ebia sukuu ahorow bi wɔ nhyehyɛe titiriw bi a wɔde bɛboa mmofra yi. Enti nsuro sɛ wo ne akyerɛkyerɛfo no bɛkasa. Afei nso, bisa saa abenfo yi akwan a wubetumi afa so aboa wo ba wɔ fie.

Dɛn bio na ɛsɛ sɛ yehu fa eyi ho?

Mmofra a wɔwɔ dyslexia betumi ate nka sɛ wɔnyɛ anifere te sɛ wɔn mfɛfo esiane sɛ ɛyɛ den ma wɔn sɛ wɔne afoforo bɛyɛ adwuma nti. Saa ɔhaw ahorow yi betumi ayɛ kɛse bere a ɛkɔ soro wɔ mfitiase sukuu ahorow mu, baabi a akenkan bɛyɛ nea ɛho hia kɛse ma adesua no. Ne saa nti, ebia mmofra ani nnye sukuu dwumadi ho bio.

Mmofra a wɔadi dɛm taa kwati akenkan efisɛ ɛyɛ den ma wɔn na ɛyɛ adwennwen. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ wɔhwere akenkan ho adesua a ɛsom bo na wɔdi mmofra afoforo akyi kɛse.

Ɛho hia paa sɛ woboa wo ba no mmɔdenbɔ, hyɛ no nkuran ma ɔkenkan ade wɔ fie, na woboa no. Kamfo wɔn bere a wɔkenkan asɛmfua ketewaa bi mpo no. Afei nso, bɔ mmɔden sɛ wobɛma wo ba no anya ne ho mu ahotoso na ma no hokwan ahorow a ɔde bedi nkonim wɔ nneɛma afoforo mu – te sɛ agumadi, anigyede, nnwom, adwinni, ne drama. Susuw sɛnea adwumfo, agumadifo, nyansahufo, nnwumayɛfo, nnuruyɛfo, mmaranimfo, ne aban ananmusifo pii wɔ wiase a wɔanya akenkan mu haw nanso wɔayɛ nneɛma akɛse no ho hwɛ! Enti nsusuw sɛ esiane sɛ na ade biako yɛ den nti, wo ba no daakye nyinaa yɛ awerɛhow.

Sɛ wususuw sɛ ebia wo ba no wɔ dyslexia a, wo ne wo duruyɛfo, wo ba no kyerɛkyerɛfo, anaa akenkan ho ɔbenfo nkasa. Dodow a wohu akenkan mu haw bi ntɛm no, dodow no ara na wubetumi anya mmoa a ɛfata ntɛm.

Enti, nneɛma bɛn na ɛho hia sen biara a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛde fi asɛm yi mu kɔ fie?

• Dyslexia nyɛ yare, na saa ara nso na ɛnyɛ nyansa a wonni. Ɛyɛ adesua mu dɛmdi a nsonsonoe kakra a ɛwɔ ɔkwan a amemene no fa so di nsɛm ho dwuma mu na ɛde ba.
• Eyi yɛ biribi a efi awo mu, na mpɛn pii no efi abusua mu. Enti mma abofra no anaa w’ankasa nte afobu nka wɔ eyi ho.
• Ɛho hia sɛ wuhu nsɛnkyerɛnne no ntɛm na wode animdefo mmoa ma sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a abofra no betumi asua akenkan na wakura ne ho mu ahotoso mu.
• Boa wo ba no mmɔdenbɔ na hyɛ no nkuran. Wɔ akenkan akyi no, hyɛ wo ba no nkuran ma ɔnkɔyɛ nneɛma afoforo a ne ho akokwaw na ama watumi anya nkɔso.
• Nsuro! Mma wo ho nnyɛ wo hu! Sɛ wonya mmoa a ɛfata a, mmofra a wontumi nkenkan ade yiye nso betumi atra ase yiye na anigye wom. Ɛnyɛ wo ba nko ara, nnipa pii wɔ hɔ a wobetumi aboa mmofra te sɛ eyi.

` Dyslexia, akenkan mu nsɛnnennen, adesua mu dɛmdi, mmofra, nhomasua, awofo