Anamɔn a edi kan a ɛyɛ nwonwa wɔ yɛn nkae mu: Momma yensua nkate mu nkae ho ade.

So woasusuw sɛnea wɔde nneɛma a yehu, yɛte, na yɛte nka no sie yɛn nkae mu no ho pɛn? Nokwarem no, ɛyɛ adeyɛ a ɛyɛ nwonwa yiye. Eyinom mu nea edi kan na ɛho hia sen biara ne bere tiaa mu nkae a yɛfrɛ no nkate mu nkae . Ɛte sɛ nea ‘yɛrekyerɛw’ nsɛm afi yɛn nkatede mu wɔ sikani kakraa bi mu. Momma yɛnka eyi ho asɛm nkɔ akyiri nnɛ.

Dɛn ne Nkate mu Nkae?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, wo nkatede anum – w’ani, w’aso, hwene, tɛkrɛma, ne wo honam ani – boaboa nsɛm a wɔaboaboa ano bere tiaa bi ano a yɛfrɛ no Nkate Nkae, anaa ɛtɔ mmere bi a Nkate Kyerɛwtohɔ . Fa no sɛ ɛte sɛ nea woretwa ‘mfonini’ a emu da hɔ yiye na ɛkɔ akyiri a ɛfa nneɛma a atwa wo ho ahyia ho wɔ bere tiaa bi mu. Ɛte sɛ nea woretwa nneɛma a atwa wo ho ahyia no ho mfonini wɔ nsusuwii a ɛkorɔn mu . Afei, wɔde saa nsɛm yi kɔ wo Short-Term Memory .

Wuntumi nni bere tenten a saa nkae yi di so, mpɛn pii no ɛkyɛ sikɔne kakraa bi pɛ . Nanso wɔ bere tiaa yi mu no, ebetumi aboa wo ma ntease aba nneɛma nketenkete mpo a atwa wo ho ahyia no mu.

Dɛn ne nkate mu nkae ahorow?

Nkate mu nkae ahorow anum na ɛwɔ hɔ a ɛfa yɛn nkatede anum no ho. Momma yɛnhwɛ nea wɔyɛ:

• Echoic memory: Eyi fa aso ho . Te sɛ echo no, nnyigyei bi tra ti no mu bere tiaa bi bere a wɔate no akyi.
• Haptic memory: Eyi fa obi a ɔde ne nsa ka ho . Sɛ obi de ne nsa ka biribi mpo a, nkate a ɛma obi de ne nsa ka biribi no tra honam ani kakra.
• Gustatory memory: Eyi fa dɛ ho . Aduan bi dɛ kɔ so tra tɛkrɛma so bere a wɔadi mpo awie no.
• Iconic memory: Eyi ne anisoadehu wɔ abusuabɔ . Bere a woahu biribi na wahwɛ n’ani akyi mpo no, ohoni no da so ara hu bere tiaa bi.
• Hua a wɔkae: Eyi fa hua ho . Tumi a ɛma hua bi kɔ so tra hwene mu bere a wɔahome mpo awie no.

Momma yɛnhwɛ nkate mu nkae ho nhwɛso ahorow bi.

Afei, sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a ɛbɛda adi kakra ama wo no, momma yɛnka nhwɛso ahorow a ɛfa saa ahorow yi mu biara ho. Ɛbɛyɛ sɛ woanya eyinom mu osuahu wɔ wo da biara da asetra mu.

• Echoic memory: Fa no sɛ wobɛte saa bere a woatie dwom bi a w’ani gye ho awie na nnwom no da so ara bɔ wɔ wo tirim no. Anaasɛ sɛ obi frɛ wo din na wote nka sɛ nnyigyei no tra w’aso mu kakra a. Ɛno ne no.
• Haptic memory: Nkate a obi te nka sɛ obi kura wo nsa denneennen na afei ogyae, na woda so ara te nhyɛso a ɛwɔ saa nsa a ɔde ka wo no mu no nka. Anaasɛ, te sɛ bere a osu tɔ tɔ wo honam ani bere a osu retɔ no, nsu a wɔde ka wo honam ani no tra wo honam ani bere tiaa bi.
• Gustatory nkaeɛ:Sɛ wudi anwummere aduan wie mpo a, aduan no dɛ, sɛ nhwɛso no, sɛ ɛyɛ nnuhwam a, ɛyɛ nnuhwam, sɛ ɛyɛ dɛ a, ɛyɛ dɛ a, ɛte sɛ nea ɛtra w’anom.
• Nkae a ɛyɛ nwonwa: Sɛ wohwɛ ogyaframa a wɔde tow a, wote nka sɛ woda so ara tumi hu nsensanee a ɛyɛ kɔla ahorow a ɛwɔ w’ani anim bere a ogyaframa no adum akyi. Anaasɛ, sɛ mfoninitwa afiri bi a ɛyɛ hyew tow a, wuhu baabi fitaa bi wɔ w’ani anim bere tiaa bi.
• Sɛ wokae hua: Nkate a ɛne sɛ paanoo a wɔayɛ no foforo hua tra wo hwene mu bere a woafi baabi a wɔyɛ paanoo mpo akyi. Anaasɛ, sɛ wonam obi a ɔde nnuhuam apete so ho a, hua no tra hɔ kakra.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na nkate mu nkae yɛ adwuma?

Okay, afei momma yɛnhwɛ sɛnea saa nkate mu nkae yi yɛ adwuma. Ɛyɛ mmerɛw yiye, na ɛba wɔ anammɔn kakraa bi a ɛyɛ ntɛm yiye mu:

1. Wo nya atenka bi. Ɛno kyerɛ sɛ wuhu, wote, wote hua, wosɔ hwɛ, anaa wode wo nsa ka biribi.

2. Saa bere no, w’amemene no fã a ɛde saa nkate no ba (yɛfrɛ no Sensory Cortex) no yɛ adwuma ntɛm ara. Eyi si ntɛmntɛm yiye, te sɛ nea wobɛmia bɔtn bi a ɛwɔ anyinam ahoɔden switch so. Eyi si wɔ sekan biako fã ketewaa bi mu.

3. Afei, w’amemene no paw nneɛma a ɛho hia sen biara nkutoo fi nsɛm a waboaboa ano no mu na ɛde n’adwene si so. Fa no sɛ, sɛ wonam abɔnten a nnipa pii fa so a, wote nnyigyei biara, wuhu biribiara a wubehu, na wote hua biara. Nanso w’amemene no renkae biribiara prɛko pɛ. Mmom no, ɛtwe adwene si nneɛma a ɛho hia ma w’ahobammɔ nkutoo so, te sɛ kar abɛn a ɛbɔ mpofirim. ‘Ɛyiyi’ nneɛma a ɛho nhia te sɛ ɛno mu na eyi fi hɔ.

4. Awiei koraa no, wɔde nsɛm a ɛho hia a wɔapaw yi kɔ wo bere tiaa mu nkae mu. Wofi hɔ na wosi gyinae sɛ ebia wɔbɛkora saa nkae no so akɔ akyiri anaasɛ ɛbɛyɛ nkae a ɛtra hɔ kyɛ.

Nkate mu nkae di bere tenten ahe? Na dɛn ne nea etumi yɛ?

Ebia worebisa wo ho sɛ, ‘Ntease mu nkae yi tra yɛn tirim bere tenten ahe?’ Nokwarem no, ɛyɛ tiawa koraa. Mpɛn pii no wɔkora saa nsɛm yi so bɛyɛ sikani 0.2 kosi 2 . Ɛno te sɛ aniwa mu! Nanso saa bere yi betumi ayɛ soronko kakra a egyina atenka a worehyia no so. Sɛ nhwɛso no, mpɛn pii no, nkae a ɛyɛ agyiraehyɛde a ɛma wotumi hu ade no di bɛyɛ sekan biako. Echoic memory ma nnyigyei betumi adi sikani kakraa bi, ebia abiɛsa anaa anan.

Enti dɛn ne ne tumi, kyerɛ sɛ, nsɛm dodow ahe na ebetumi akura prɛko pɛ? Nkate mu nkae wɔ tumi kɛse paa. Nea enti a ɛte saa ne sɛ yɛde nkatede ahorow pii di dwuma bere koro mu.

Fa no sɛ, bere a wudi aduan bi no. Wohu aduan no (ahu), wote sɛnea aduan no te wɔ wo tɛkrɛma so (ka wo nsa ka), wote dɛ biara hua (hua), wote ‘squeak’ nnyigyei bere a woredi (te), na wosɔ hwɛ (sɔ hwɛ). Saa na wubetumi adi nsɛm a efi wo nkatede anum mu ba no nyinaa ho dwuma bere koro mu akɔ wo nkate mu nkae (nkate mu nkae) mu. So eyi nyɛ nwonwa?

Nanso, ɛwom sɛ saa nkate mu nkae yi wɔ tumi kɛse de, nanso ɛtra hɔ sikani kakraa bi pɛ. Ɛne sɛ, nsɛm foforo ba ntɛmntɛm, na wɔpopa nsɛm dedaw. Ɛte sɛ ‘screen’ a wɔyɛ no foforo bere nyinaa. Afei nsɛm no kɔ baabi foforo a wɔkora nkae wɔ amemene no mu, kyerɛ sɛ, bere tiaa mu nkae, anaasɛ wɔpopa koraa, na ɛma yenya nkate foforo. Adeyɛ a ɛkɔ so ntɛmntɛm yi ne nea ɛma yetumi di wiase a ɛsakra bere nyinaa no ho dwuma.

Amemene no afã horow bɛn na ɛka nkate mu nkae ho?

Adeyɛ nwonwaso yi a wɔfrɛ no nkate mu nkae no fa yɛn amemene no afã horow ho. Nkate biara di ɔkwan pɔtee bi so kɔ amemene no mu.

Momma yɛnka sɛ wote nnyigyei bi. Saa nnyigyei yi dan anyinam ahoɔden sɛnkyerɛnne na ɛfa ntini mu nhama mu kɔ w’amemene mu. Edi kan fa w’amemene ntini mu , afei ɛfa thalamus (relay station a ɛwɔ w’amemene mfinimfini) no mu. Afei thalamus no de sɛnkyerɛnne no kɔ amemene no fã a ɛfata ma saa nkate no. Sɛ nhwɛso no, sɛ yɛte a, sɛnkyerɛnne no kɔ w’aso ntini no mu . Eyi wɔ temporal lobe no mu .

Amemene no afã atitiriw a ɛboa ma wodi nsɛm a efi wo nkatede mu ho dwuma no bi ni:

• Echoic memory (aso): Auditory Cortex - Eyi wɔ Temporal Lobe no mu .
• Haptic memory (touch): Somatosensory Cortex - Eyi wɔ Parietal Lobe .
• Gustatory memory (taste): Primary Gustatory Cortex - Eyi wɔ Insular Lobe ne Frontal Lobe ntam .
• Iconic memory (anisoadehu): Primary Visual Cortex - Eyi wɔ occipital lobe no mu .
• Olfactory memory (smell): Olfactory Bulb - Eyi wɔ w’amemene no ase, bɛn wo hwene.

Saa amemene no mmeae yi, ne mmeae afoforo te sɛ hippocampus ne amygdala, ka ho bi na wɔkora nkae ne nkate horow so.Sɛ wɔka saa afã horow yi bom a, ɛboa ma wo nkate mu nkae yɛ adwuma yiye. So eyi nyɛ nhyehyɛe a ɛyɛ den na ɛyɛ nwonwa yiye a ɛkɔ so wɔ yɛn amemene mu?

Dɛn nti na Nkate mu Nkae ho hia yɛn?

Enti, nkate mu nkae ne ɔpon a edi kan a ɛkɔ yɛn wiase yi mu, na ɛboa yɛn ma yɛkora nsɛm a efi yɛn nkate mu so bere tiaa bi. Sɛ́ ɛyɛ wo nanabea lasagna a ɛyɛ dɛ no dɛ, lilac a ɛrefifi foforo hua, anaa nnomaa a wɔrebɔ gyegyeegye bere a wonam abɔnten so no, ɛyɛ nkate mu nkae nti na wuhu nea ɛrekɔ so wɔ wo ho no ntɛm ara . Sɛ ɛnyɛ ɛno a, anka yɛrentumi nhu nea yɛte nka, yehu, na yɛte sɛ osuahu a ɛkɔ so sen.

Yɛn amemene no paw nsɛm a ɛba ntɛm ara yi bi na ɛkora so bere tenten wɔ nkae mu, te sɛ dwom a w’ani gye ho no nnwom anaa atuu a ɛyɛ hyew a efi wo dɔfo bi hɔ. Enti, saa nkate mu nkae yi yɛ ade titiriw a ɛho hia na ɛyɛ ade titiriw wɔ nkae nhyehyɛe no mu.

Kae sɛ, te sɛ yɛn nipadua no fã foforo biara no, ɛtɔ mmere bi a saa nkae nhyehyɛe yi betumi asɛe anaasɛ asɛe. Sɛ wowɔ nsɛm bi a ɛhaw wo anaa w’adwene mu yɛ wo naa wɔ sɛ ebia wo nkate mu nkae reyɛ adwuma yiye ho a, ɛbɛyɛ papa sɛ wobɛkɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn.

Nneɛma a ɛho hia sen biara a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛkae fi nea yɛaka ho asɛm no mu (Take-Home Message) .

Okay, enti momma yɛnsan nhwɛ nsɛm a ɛho hia sen biara a ɛfa nkate mu nkae ho a yɛkaa ho asɛm nnɛ no bi mu:

• Nkate mu nkae yɛ bere tiaa mu nkae a ɛkora nsɛm a yenya fi yɛn nkatede anum no mu so sikɔne kakraa bi.
• Eyi te sɛ nea yɛretwa nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia ho mfonini a ɛkɔ akyiri ntɛm ara .
• Ahorow atitiriw anum na ɛwɔ hɔ: nea wɔde te (te), nea wɔde ka (ɔde ne nsa ka), nea wɔde te (sɛ obi te), nea wohu (nea wohu), ne nea wɔde hua (hua) a wɔkae.
• Saa memory yi di sikani 0.2 kosi 2 pɛ (ebia ɛboro saa kakra) .
• Nanso, ne tumi no sõ yiye ; ebetumi agye nsɛm afi nkate ahorow pii mu prɛko pɛ.
• Wɔma amemene no afã pɔtee bi (sɛ nhwɛso no, aso mu ntini, aniwa mu ntini, thalamus) yɛ adwuma de yɛ eyi.
• Eyi ne ade a edi kan a ɛho hia a wɔfa so de nsɛm kɔ bere tiaa mu nkae mu .
• Sɛ wuhu ɔhaw, nsakrae, anaa werɛ a werɛ fi dodo wɔ wo nkae mu a, ɛho hia yiye sɛ wohwehwɛ aduruyɛfo afotu.

Enti, mewɔ anidaso sɛ wowɔ adwene pa wɔ anammɔn a edi kan a ɛyɛ nwonwa yi wɔ yɛn nkae mu a wɔfrɛ no nkate mu nkae yi ho. Nneɛma a ɛte sɛɛ a yenim no boa yɛn ma yɛte yɛn ho ase pii, ɛnte saa?

` Nkate mu nkae, nkae, nkate anum, amemene, bere tiaa mu nkae, akwaa, ntini nhyehyɛe