So mogya mu nkwammoaa a ɛba fam wɔ wo mogya mu? Momma yɛnka eyi (Thrombocytopenia) ho asɛm!

Wo ho te sɛn? Ɛnnɛ yɛrebɛka yareɛ bi a ebia ɛte sɛ nea ɛyɛ hu kakra ho asɛm, nanso sɛ wɔte aseɛ yie a, wɔbɛtumi adi so kɛseɛ. Ɛno ne mogya mu nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ mogya mu a ɛso tew, tebea a wɔfrɛ no (Thrombocytopenia) wɔ aduruyɛ mu. Ebia woate asɛm yi afi oduruyɛfo bi hɔ, anaasɛ ebia woahu wɔ mogya ho amanneɛbɔ mu. Mma ɛnhaw wo, yɛbɛka eyi ho asɛm tiawa, wɔ ɔkwan a wubetumi ate ase so.

Nea edi kan no, ma yɛnhwɛ nea mogya mu nkwammoaa a ɛma mogya tu yi yɛ na dɛn nti na ɛho hia yɛn saa?

Susuw ho saa kwan yi so: mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ yɛ nneɛma nketenkete a ɛte sɛ ɔsraani a ɛnam yɛn mogya ntini mu. Sɛ yɛbɛka no pɛpɛɛpɛ a, wɔyɛ nkwammoaa ketewaa bi a enni kɔla bi. Te sɛ nkwammoaa afoforo a ɛwɔ yɛn mogya mu no, wɔyɛ mogya nkwammoaa wɔ ntini a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a ɛwɔ yɛn nnompe mu a wɔfrɛ no nnompe mu ntini no mu.

Afei wubisa, enti adɛn nti na yehia asraafo nkumaa yi? Adeɛ a ɛho hia nie: Sɛ yɛpira wɔ baabi na yɛhyɛ aseɛ tu mogya, te sɛ berɛ a yɛrekɔ ɔko a, saa mogya nkwammoaa yi na ɛdi kan de ahopere kɔ hɔ na ɛka bom yɛ mogya a ɛtɔ (`(clot)`) ma mogya no gyae. Ɛte sɛ bere a wode semɛnte bi ahyɛ tokuru bi mu wɔ ɔfasu bi mu. Enti, sɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ nni hɔ a, ebia kuru ketewaa bi mpo rentumi nsiw mogya a ɛretu no ano. So wote sɛnea ɛno ho hia no ase?

Enti, dɛn ne mogya nkwammoaa dodow a ɛba fam yi, anaasɛ thrombocytopenia?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, thrombocytopenia yɛ bere a wo mogya mu mogya mu nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ mogya mu no sua sen dodow a ɛfata. Mpɛn pii no, obi a ɔwɔ apɔwmuden wɔ mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ ɔpepem 1.5 kosi 4.5 wɔ mogya microliter biara mu. Sɛ dodow yi so tew sen eyi a, yɛfrɛ no thrombocytopenia.

Nanso ade no ni: mogya nkwammoaa a ɛso tew kakra no nyɛ asɛm kɛse bere nyinaa. Egyina sɛnea ɛba fam, nea enti a ɛhwee ase, ne sɛnea ɛhwee ase ntɛmntɛm no so. Ɛno nti na ɛho hia sɛ wohwehwɛ oduruyɛfo afotu.

Dɛn nti na mogya mu nkwammoaa a ɛma mogya tu no sua? Dɛn na ɛde ba?

Nneɛma ahorow betumi ama mogya mu mogya mu nkwammoaa a ɛba fam. Momma yɛnkyekyɛ mu akuw atitiriw abiɛsa.

1. Sɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa nketenkete a nnompe mu ntini no yɛ no so tew a:

Yɛadi kan aka sɛnea wɔyɛ mogya nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ nnompe mu ntini mu no ho asɛm. Enti, sɛ ɔhaw bi wɔ nnompe mu ntini yi ho na mogya mu nkwammoaa a ɛma mogya tu no so tew a, mogya mu nkwammoaa dodow a ɛwɔ mogya no mu no so tew. Nneɛma pii nti na ebetumi ama eyi aba:

• Nyarewa bi a efi mmoawa mu: Sɛ nhwɛso no, nyarewa te sɛ dengue fever, hepatitis C, ne HIV betumi ama nnompe mu ntini no ayɛ adwuma yiye.
• Nnuru bi: Nnuru a wɔde sa kokoram (Chemotherapy), nnuru bi a ekum ɔyare mmoawa, ne nnuru a ɛma nsu fi mu nso betumi aka nnompe mu ntini no.
• Nsã a wɔnom boro so: Eyi nso betumi asɛe nnompe mu ntini.
• Vitamin a enni nipadua no mu: Sɛ nipadua no nni vitamin B12 (`(Vitamin B12)`) anaa folate (`(Folate)`) a ɛdɔɔso a, mogya mu nkwammoaa a ɛma mogya tu no betumi atew.
• Mogya mu kokoram: Mogya mu kokoram te sɛ mogya mu kokoram betumi ama nnompe mu ntini no agyae nkwammoaa a ɛteɛ no.
• Aplastic Anemia: Eyi ne bere a nnompe mu ntini no ntumi nyɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa biara yiye.
• Myelodysplastic Syndromes: Eyi nso yɛ tebea a nnompe mu ntini no ntumi nyɛ adwuma yiye.
• Awosu mu tebea horow a ɛntaa nsi: Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, mogya nkwammoaa a ɛba fam no betumi afi awosu mu nneɛma a ɛwɔ hɔ bere a wɔawo no mu.

2. Sɛ mogya nkwammoaa a ɛba no sɛe ntɛmntɛm anaasɛ wɔde di dwuma boro so wɔ nipadua no mu a:

Ɛtɔ mmere bi mpo a, sɛ nnompe mu ntini no ma mogya nkwammoaa a ɛdɔɔso ba mpo a, sɛ wɔsɛe no ntɛmntɛm wɔ nipadua no mu, anaasɛ wɔde di dwuma dodo esiane mogya a ɛtɔ kɛse nti a, mogya nkwammoaa dodow betumi atew.

• ITP (Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura): Eyi ne bere a yɛn nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no di mfomso tow hyɛ yɛn ankasa mogya mu nkwammoaa mu na ɛsɛe no. Eyi betumi aba mmofra nkumaa so bere a ɔyare mmoawa anya atiridii akyi, nanso ebetumi aba mpanyimfo nso.
• Eyi betumi asi nso wɔ nyarewa afoforo a nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa te sɛ lupus ne ntini mu yare mu.
• Nnuru bi: Nnuru bi betumi ama nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no asɛe mogya mu nkwammoaa a ɛma mogya tu, sɛ ɛyɛ akisikuru mpo.
• Nyarewa a emu yɛ den (sepsis): Wɔ ɔyare mmoawa a emu yɛ den mu no, tebea horow te sɛ DIC (Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation) betumi aba, na ama mogya mu nkwammoaa a ɛma mogya tu no so tew ntɛmntɛm.
• TTP (Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura) (`(Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura)`) ne HUS (Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome) (`(Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome)`): Eyinom yɛ tebea horow a ɛntaa nsi nanso ɛyɛ hu. Wɔ tebea yi mu no, mogya a ɛtɔ nketenkete no ba mogya ntini no mu na mogya nkwammoaa no sa.

3. Sɛ akyi berɛmo no yɛ kɛse na mogya nkwammoaa boaboa ano wɔ hɔ a:

Akisikuru yɛ akwaa bi a ɛwɔ yɛn yafunu no benkum so atifi. Ɛtetew mogya mu na eyi mogya mu nkwammoaa dedaw fi mu. Sɛ akyi berɛmo no yɛ kɛseɛ ɛnam nyarewa bi nti (e.g., mmerɛbo mu yareɛ - cirrhosis, nyarewa bi, mogya mu kokoram) a, ɛtumi boaboa mogya nkwammoaa pii ano sene sɛdeɛ ɛteɛ, na ɛma mogya mu nkwammoaa dodoɔ a ɛwɔ mogya no mu no so tew.

Nsɛnkyerɛnne bɛn na ebetumi aba bere a mogya mu nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ mogya mu no sua no?

Nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛkyerɛ sɛ mogya nkwammoaa a ɛba fam no betumi ayɛ soronko wɔ onipa biara ho. Egyina sɛnea wo mogya nkwammoaa a ɛba fam ne sɛnea ɛkɔ fam ntɛmntɛm nso so. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, ebia nnipa a mogya mu nkwammoaa dodow sua no rennya yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne biara koraa. Nanso, sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛtaa ba no bi ni:

• Akuru: Akuru yɛ nsensanee akɛse, bruu anaa kɔkɔɔ wɔ honam ani. Sɛ wobɔ akuturuku ketewaa bi wɔ baabiara mpo a, ebetumi ama woapirapira kɛse.
• Nsonsonoe nketenkete kɔkɔɔ a ɛwɔ honam ani:Ɛtɔ da bi a, nsensanee nketewa kɔkɔɔ anaa kɔkɔɔ (`(petechiae)`) pue wɔ nipadua no nyinaa so, te sɛ nwansena nketewa, wɔ nan ne nsa so. Eyinom nnyera bere a wohwɛ wɔn no.
• Egye bere tenten ansa na mogya no agyae bere a wapira akyi.
• Mogya a ɛretu wɔ anom, mogya a ɛtaa tu fi hwene mu.
• Mogya a ɛtɔ wɔ nsuo anaa nsuo mu (nsuo no betumi ayɛ kɔkɔɔ, nsuo no betumi ayɛ tuntum anaa mogya).
• Wɔ mmea fam no, brayɛ no mu yɛ duru na ɛkyɛ nna pii sen sɛnea wɔtaa yɛ no.
• Ɔbrɛ a wɔte nka, ɔbrɛ.
• Ɛtɔ da bi a, sɛ ɛne mmerɛbo mu haw bi wɔ abusuabɔ a, aniwa no betumi ayɛ kɔkɔɔ (jaundice).

Nea ɛho hia: Sɛ wuhu sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow te sɛ wo tiyɛ, wote nka sɛ woatɔ piti, anaasɛ ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛkasa a, ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ ayaresabea ntɛm ara, efisɛ eyi betumi ayɛ sɛnkyerɛnne a ɛkyerɛ sɛ mogya retu wo amemene no mu!

Sɛ yɛwɔ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow te sɛ eyinom a, dɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ yɛyɛ? So ɛsɛ sɛ yɛkɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn?

Yiw, koraa! Sɛ mogya tu wo soronko, mogya atɔ wo honam ani, anaasɛ wobrɛ kɛse a, mmu w’ani ngu so na kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn. Mma wo ho nnpopo, nanso nkyɛ nso. Oduruyɛfo no bebisa wo nsɛm, ahwehwɛ wo mu, na sɛ ɛho hia a, ɔde wo bɛkɔ akɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na oduruyɛfo no hu eyi? Sɔhwɛ bɛn na wɔyɛ?

Sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn a, wobedi kan abisa wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne, nnuru a wonom, ne sɛ ebia w’abusua mu obi ahyia ɔhaw a ɛte saa. Afei wɔbɛhwehwɛ wo mu na wɔahwɛ sɛ mogya retu wo, wo honam ani kɔla asakra, na wo akyi berɛmo atrɛw anaa.

Bio nso, wobetumi ayɛ sɔhwɛ ahorow te sɛ:

• Full Blood Count (FBC) : Eyi ne nhwehwɛmu titiriw a ɛkyerɛ mogya nkwammoaa dodow pɔtee a ɛwɔ mogya no mu. Ɛsan nso de mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ ne mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa ho nsɛm ma.
• Peripheral Blood Smear : Eyi hwehwɛ sɛ wɔfa mogya bi na wɔde afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete hwɛ mogya nkwammoaa no nsusuwii ne ne kɛse. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, wɔsan nso hwɛ sɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ no abata ho anaasɛ nkwammoaa bi a ɛnteɛ wɔ hɔ anaa.
• Mogya mu nhwehwɛmu afoforo: Nhwehwɛmu afoforo wɔ hɔ a ebetumi aboa ma wɔahu nea ɛde ba. Sɛ nhwɛso no, nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ de hwɛ sɛnea mmerɛbo no yɛ adwuma (mrɛbo dwumadi ho nhwehwɛmu), asaabo dwumadi ho nhwehwɛmu, nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ de hwɛ sɛ ɔyare mmoawa bi wɔ hɔ anaa, ne nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ de hwɛ sɛ ebia autoimmune markers wɔ hɔ anaa.
• Bone Marrow Aspiration and Biopsy : Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, sɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu nkutoo nkyerɛ nea ɛde ba a, wɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu yi de hwɛ sɛ nnompe mu ntini no reyɛ mogya nkwammoaa a ɛma mogya tu no yiye anaa. Nea ɛka eyi ho ne sɛ wobegye nnompe mu ntini kakraa bi afi baabi ketewaa bi te sɛ asen mu wɔ aduru a wɔde kum nipadua no mu.

Dɛn ne ayaresa a wɔde sa mogya mu nkwammoaa a ɛba fam?

Eyi yɛ ɔhaw a nnipa pii wɔ. Ayaresa a wɔde sa mogya nkwammoaa a ɛba fam no gyina nea ɛde bae ne sɛnea tebea no mu yɛ den no so koraa. Ano aduru biara nni hɔ a ɛyɛ nea ɛfata obiara.

• Wɔn a mogya mu nkwammoaa dodow sua kakra no fam no: Sɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa dodow no sua koraa na mogya retu ho sɛnkyerɛnne biara nni hɔ a, ɛtɔ mmere bi a ɛho nhia sɛ wɔde sa yare biara, na mmom wɔde mogya mu nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ no daa hwɛ ara kwa.
• Nea ɛde ba no a wɔbɛsa:
• Sɛ aduru bi ama wo mogya nkwammoaa dodow so atew a, wo duruyɛfo bɛka akyerɛ wo sɛ gyae aduru no nom anaasɛ ɔbɛsesa wo akɔ aduru foforo so. Wususuw sɛ eye sɛ worennyae nnuru no nom?
• Sɛ efi ɔyare mmoawa bi a, wɔsa saa ɔyare no.
• Sɛ ɛyɛ yare a nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa a, wɔsa.
• Ayaresa a wɔde ma mogya mu mogya mu nkwammoaa a ɛba fam titiriw:
• Corticosteroids : Sɛ nhwɛso no, nnuru te sɛ prednisolone. Wɔde eyinom ma na ama nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no agyae mogya mu nkwammoaa a ɛma mogya mu nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ mogya mu no sɛe (wɔ tebea horow te sɛ ITP mu).
• Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG): Eyi yɛ aduru a ɛte sɛ nkyene a wɔde gu ntini mu. Wɔde di dwuma de ma mogya nkwammoaa dodow kɔ soro ntɛmntɛm wɔ tebea horow a emu yɛ den a nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no resɛe mogya mu mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ no mu.
• Nnuru afoforo a ɛhwɛ nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa so (nnuru a ɛma nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa): Sɛ steroid ntumi nyɛ adwuma anaasɛ sɛ nea efi mu ba no mu yɛ den dodo a, wɔde eyinom ma.
• Thrombopoietin receptor agonists (TPO-RAs): Saa nnuru yi kanyan nnompe mu ntini no ma ɛyɛ mogya nkwammoaa pii.
• Nkwammoaa a Wɔde Ma: Sɛ mogya retu wo kɛse anaasɛ wo mogya nkwammoaa dodow sua koraa na ɛba fam wɔ ɔkwan a asiane wom so (sɛ nhwɛso no, ansa na wɔreyɛ oprehyɛn) a, wobetumi ama wo mogya nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ akyi. Nanso, eyi yɛ bere tiaa mu ano aduru ara kwa.
• Splenectomy: Sɛ wohu sɛ akyi berɛmo no na ɛma mogya nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu no sɛe, na ayaresa afoforo ntumi nyɛ adwuma yiye (titiriw wɔ ITP a ɛtra hɔ kyɛ mu) a, wobetumi ayɛ oprehyɛn de ayi akyi berɛmo no afi hɔ. Nanso, sɛ woyi akyi berɛmo no fi hɔ a, ɛma asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wobenya ɔyare mmoawa no yɛ kɛse.
• Plasma exchange (anaa Plasmapheresis): Wɔde saa ayaresa yi di dwuma wɔ tebea titiriw te sɛ TTP mu.

Dɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ ɛhaw yɛn bere a yɛne saa tebea yi te no?

Ɛsɛ sɛ nnipa a mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ sua no hwɛ yiye kakra wɔ wɔn da biara da asetra mu.

• Kwati dwumadi ahorow a ebetumi ama woahwe ase na woapirapira. Sɛ nhwɛso no, agumadi a wɔde di nkitaho no mfata.
• Hwɛ yiye paa bere a wode nnwinnade a ano yɛ nnam redi dwuma anaa woretwitwa nhabannuru no.
• Fa brɔs a ɛyɛ mmerɛw di dwuma bere a worehohoro wo sẽ no. Hwɛ yiye na woanpira wo sẽ.
• Nnuru a ɛma mogya yɛ mmerɛw te sɛ aspirin, NSAIDs (te sɛ ibuprofen) a wobɛnom a wunnya oduruyɛfo afotuMfa eyinom nni dwuma. Eyinom betumi ama mogya a ɛretu no ayɛ kɛse. Ka kyerɛ oduruyɛfo ne ntini ho oduruyɛfo biara a wubehu sɛ mogya nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ wo mu no sua.
• Hwɛ yiye wɔ mogya a ɛretu ho sɛnkyerɛnne biara ho (honam ani nsensanee, hwene mu mogya, anom a mogya retu). Sɛ wuhu sɛnkyerɛnne foforo bi a, ka kyerɛ wo duruyɛfo.
• Di aduan a ɛkari pɛ. Gye sɛ wo mogya nkwammoaa dodow sua esiane vitamin a wunni nti, aduan nkutoo rentumi nsa. Nanso, ɛho hia sɛ wunya aduannuru a wo nipadua hia no.
• To nsa no ano hye anaasɛ gyae koraa .

So eyi betumi ayɛ aniberesɛm? Dɛn ne nsɛnnennen no?

Yiw, eyi betumi ayɛ tebea a emu yɛ den sɛ mogya nkwammoaa dodow so tew kɛse anaasɛ mpofirim a.

Asiane titiriw a ɛwɔ mu ne mogya a ɛbɛtɔ kɛse. Eyi betumi ada adi (fi kuru, hwene mu) anaasɛ emu (e.g., wɔ amemene, yafunu, dwensɔtwaa mu). Mogya a ɛtɔ wɔ nipadua no mu no betumi de ne nkwa ato asiane mu.

Ɛno nti na ɛho hia paa sɛ wofa ayaresa no sɛnea oduruyɛfo no ka no pɛpɛɛpɛ na wohwɛ yiye.

Nsɛm a wɔaboaboa ano ne nsɛmfua a etwa to

Okay, enti mewɔ anidaso sɛ seesei woanya ntease pa wɔ nea yɛkaa ho asɛm nnɛ (Thrombocytopenia) anaasɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa a ɛba fam no ho. Kae sɛ eyi kyerɛ sɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ mogya no mu no sua sen sɛnea ɛte daa. Nneɛma pii betumi de aba, na ɛsono nea ɛkyerɛ wɔ onipa biara ho.

Nea ɛho hia sen biara ne sɛ, sɛ wowɔ saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi a, sɛ́ anka w’ankasa wubesi gyinae, anaasɛ wobɛhwehwɛ nnuru wɔ Intanɛt so no, hwehwɛ oduruyɛfo pa, hwehwɛ nea ɛde ba pɔtee, na nya ayaresa a ɛfata.

Mma ɛnhaw wo, mpɛn pii no, sɛ wode ayaresa ne di a ɛfata di dwuma a, wubetumi adi tebea yi so na woabɔ bra pa. Ka biribiara ho asɛm pefee kyerɛ wo duruyɛfo no, na bisa nsɛm biara a ebia wowɔ. Eyi bɛboa wo ma woate eyi ase yiye na aboa wo ma woagyina ano yiye.

` thrombocytopenia, mogya nkwammoaa dodow, mogya nkwammoaa, nnompe mu ntini, mogya, akuru, ITP, mogya mu nyarewa, Sinhala aduruyɛ mu asɛm, petechiae