Ebia woate nsamanwaw ho asɛm, ɛnte saa? Nnipa binom nso frɛ no 'T.B.'. Bere bi a atwam no, na wobu eyi sɛ yare a emu yɛ den mmom, na na nnipa pii suro. Nanso so wunim, seesei a aduruyɛ ho nyansahu akɔ anim saa no, sɛ wohu yare yi ntɛm na wɔsa no yiye a, wobetumi asa no koraa. Enti, biribiara nni hɔ a enti ɛsɛ sɛ yesuro. Ɛnnɛ, yɛbɛka deɛ saa yareɛ yi, kyerɛ sɛ, `(Nsanyareɛ)` yɛ, sɛdeɛ ɛkɔ so, nsɛnkyerɛnneɛ bɛn na ɛwɔ mu, ɔkwan foforɔ a wobɛfa so abɔ wo ho ban afiri ho, ne sɛdeɛ wobɛsa no, tiawa ne ɔkwan a wobɛtumi ate aseɛ so.

Dɛn ankasa ne nsamanwaw?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, nsamanwaw yɛ yare a ɛde ɔyare mmoawa ba a mmoawa pɔtee bi na ɛde ba. Wɔ nnuruyɛ mu no, yɛfrɛ saa mmoawa yi `(Mycobacterium tuberculosis)` . Eyi yɛ ɔyare mmoawa ketewaa bi a yentumi mfa yɛn ani nhu.

Mpɛn pii no, saa nsamanwaw mmoawa yi ka yɛn ahurututu kɛse . Nanso, ɛnyɛ ɛno nko, ɛtɔ mmere bi a ebetumi aka nipadua no akwaa afoforo te sɛ asaabo, akyi berɛmo, ne amemene nso. Ɛno nti na eyi yɛ yare a ehia sɛ wɔhwɛ so kakra no.

Wunim, bere bi a atwam no, bɛyɛ afeha a ɛto so 19 no, na nsamanwaw yɛ yare a ɛyɛ hu paa na edi awu. Nanso akyiri yi, bere a nkurɔfo asetra nyaa nkɔso na wonyaa akwahosan ho nhyehyɛe pa no, yare yi so tew nkakrankakra. Nanso, nnansa yi, wɔanya yare yi ho anigye foforo. Titiriw no, .

• Wɔn a wɔte mmeae a nnipa binom te bɛn wɔn ho wɔn ho paa (sɛ nhwɛso no, afiase nsraban mu, aguanfo nsraban mu).
• Wɔn a wɔatu kwan akɔ aman a nsamanwaw abu so no fam.
• Wɔn a wɔn nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no ayɛ mmerɛw no fam. Fa no sɛ, obi a ne nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa no ayɛ mmerɛw esiane tebea te sɛ ``(HIV yare mmoawa)'' nti no betumi anya saa yare yi.

Enti, esiane nokwasɛm ahorow te sɛ eyinom nti, ɛho hia yiye sɛ yɛma yɛn ani da hɔ wɔ nsamanwaw ho.

So nsamanwaw yɛ yare a ɛde ɔyare mmoawa ba ampa? Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔde kɔ nnipa mu?

Yiw, nsamanwaw yɛ yare a ɛde ɔyare ba . Ɛno ne ade a edi kan a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛte ase.

Sɛ wususuw sɛnea ɛtrɛw ho a, nea ɛba ni: Sɛ obi a ɔwɔ TB a wɔansa no fe, ɔfefe, ɔkasa, anaa ɔto dwom a, nsu nketenkete a TB mmoawa no wom no fi ne home mu kɔ mframa mu. Te sɛ mfutuma nketenkete. Afei, sɛ obi a ɔwɔ apɔwmuden home mframa a mmoawa no wom a, wɔn nso betumi anya ɔyare no.

Kae sɛ, ɛda adi sɛ yare yi trɛw wɔ mmeae a wɔato apon ne mfɛnsere mu, mframa pa nkɔ baabiara, na nnipa pii wɔ hɔ. Enti, ɛho hia sɛ wotra mmeae a mframa pa fa mu.

Nanso, biribi foforo wɔ hɔ a ɛsɛ sɛ wuhu. Ɛnyɛ obiara a ɔwɔ TB mmoawa no na ɔbɛyare. Ɛno kyerɛ sɛ ɛnyɛ obiara na obenya yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne. Ɛno nti na nnuruyɛfo kyekyɛ TB mu abien no:

1. TB yare a ahintaw : .

• Nea ɛba wɔ asɛm yi mu ne sɛ nsamanwaw mmoawa no ahyɛne nipadua no mu, nanso mmoawa no da so ara "da hɔ."
• Saa nkurɔfo yi nkyerɛ yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne biara . Wonhu mpo sɛ wɔwɔ yare no.
• Nea ɛho hia sen biara ne sɛ saa nkurɔfo yi ntrɛw yare no mu mma afoforo .
• Nanso, sɛ saa nkurɔfo yi annya ayaresa a ɛfata a, ebetumi aba sɛ da bi mmoawa a "wɔda" no "bɛsɔre" na wɔayɛ adwuma, na ɛde sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow aba na ama ayɛ yiye sɛ wɔbɛnya afoforo.

2. Nsamanwaw a ɛyɛ nnam (`TB yare`) :

• Nea ɛba wɔ asɛm yi mu ne sɛ nsamanwaw mmoawa a wɔahyɛn nipadua no mu no yɛ adwuma na ɛde yare no ba.
• Ɛda adi kɛse sɛ saa nkurɔfo yi benya sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛfa nsamanwaw ho .
• Ɛnyɛ den sɛ saa nkurɔfo yi betumi atrɛw yare no mu akɔ afoforo so .

So wote nsonsonoe yi ase? Wɔ `Latent TB infection` mu no, ɔyare mmoawa no wɔ nipadua no mu, nanso yare no nni hɔ na ɛnyɛ nea wɔde kɔ nnipa mu. Nanso wɔ `TB yare` mu no, yare no wɔ hɔ na ɛde ɔyare no kɔ nnipa mu.

Dɛn ne nsamanwaw ho sɛnkyerɛnne? Yɛyɛ dɛn hu no?

Okay, afei momma yɛnhwɛ active tuberculosis (TB yare) ho sɛnkyerɛnne. Sɛ wo anaa obi a wunim no wɔ eyinom mu biako anaa nea ɛboro saa a, akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wohwehwɛ aduruyɛ mu afotu.

• Ɔfe : Eyi ne sɛnkyerɛnne titiriw. Mpɛn pii no ebetumi atra hɔ bɛboro adapɛn abien kosi abiɛsa . Ɛtɔ da bi mpo a, ɔfe no betumi de mogya kakra aka nsuo no ho.
• Fifiri a ɛba anadwo : Ɛnyɛ fifiri nko, na mmom fifiri a ɛba araa ma ntama no yɛ nsu.
• Atiridii anaa awɔw : Ebia wobɛte ɔhyew nka anwummere anaa anadwo.
• Ɔbrɛ ne ɔbrɛ : Ɔbrɛ a wɔte nka bere nyinaa, mpo a wonyɛ adwuma biara.
• Anorexia : Adidi ho akɔnnɔ nyinaa a wɔhwere.
• Koko mu yaw : Ebia wobɛte koko mu yaw bere a worehome anaa worefefe no.
• Sɛ wo mu duru so tew a ntease biara nni mu : Sɛ wo mu duru so tew mpofirim, sɛ wuntumi nni w’aduan anaa w’apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ so mpo a, ɛno nso yɛ sɛnkyerɛnne a ɛsɛ sɛ wohaw wo ho wɔ ho.

Nsuro nsamanwaw esiane sɛ wowɔ saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi biako anaa abien nti. Nanso, sɛ saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi kɔ so a, nyansa wom sɛ wobɛkɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn ampa na woakɔhwɛ.

Wobɛyɛ dɛn ahu sɛ wowɔ nsamanwaw?

Afei ebia woresusuw sɛ, "Okay, sɛ eyinom ne sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no a, ɛbɛyɛ dɛn na oduruyɛfo ahu no yiye sɛ eyi yɛ TB?" Nnuruyɛfo sɔ `TB yare a ahintaw` ne `TB yare` nyinaa hwɛ. Sɔhwɛ ahorow atitiriw abien na ɛwɔ hɔ:

1. Tuberculin honam ani nhwehwɛmu (TST) :

• Nnipa binom nso frɛ eyi "Mantoux sɔhwɛ." Wɔtaa yɛ nhwehwɛmu yi de hwɛ sɛ mmofra nkumaa wɔ nsamanwaw anaa.
• Wɔyɛ eyi wɔ anammɔn abien mu.
• Anamɔn a edi kan: Wɔde nsuo ketewaa bi a wɔfrɛ no ``tuberculin'' gu wo nsa ase honam ani. Ɛnyɛ yaw kɛse.
• Anamɔn 2 : Afei ɛsɛ sɛ wosan kɔ wo duruyɛfo nkyɛn bio wɔ nnɔnhwerew 48 kosi 72 mu (ɛno yɛ bɛyɛ nnansa kosi nnansa). Afei oduruyɛfo anaa akwahosan ho dwumayɛni bi bɛhwɛ baabi a wɔde aduru no guu mu no ahwɛ sɛ ebia biribi wɔ honam ani hwɛbea no ho anaa.
• Sɛ honam ani honam ani yɛ mmerɛw, ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ, na ɛyɛ den kakra a, ɛkyerɛ sɛ wowɔ nsamanwaw mmoawa wɔ wo nipadua mu.

2. Mogya mu nhwehwɛmu : .

• Nea ɛka eyi ho ne sɛ wobɛfa wo mogya no bi, de akɔma afiri a wɔde yɛ nhwehwɛmu akɔhwɛ sɛ nsamanwaw mmoawa bi wɔ hɔ anaa.

Sɛ honam ani nhwehwɛmu ne mogya mu nhwehwɛmu no yɛ ``positive``, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ nea efi mu ba ne "yiw, mmoawa no wɔ wo nipadua mu," afei wo duruyɛfo no bɛka akyerɛ wo sɛ wɔnyɛ wo koko X-ray . Obetumi nso ahyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu afoforo de kyerɛ sɛ wowɔ `TB yare a ahintaw` anaa `TB yare`. Sɛ nhwɛso no, ebia wɔbɛka akyerɛ wo sɛ yɛ ahurututu mu nhwehwɛmu.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔsa nsamanwaw? Biribiara nni hɔ a ɛsɛ sɛ wosuro!

Asɛmpa no ne sɛ nsamanwaw ano aduru a etu mpɔn wɔ hɔ! Wobetumi asa nnipa dodow no ara a wɔwɔ nsamanwaw yare wɔ fie. Ayaresabea a wɔde obi bɛkɔ no ho hia wɔ nsɛm titiriw bi mu nkutoo.

Nnuruyɛfo taa de nnuru a wɔnom, a ɛyɛ nnuru a wɔde kum ɔyare mmoawa a wɔaka abom sa nsamanwaw . Nanso biribi wɔ hɔ a ɛsɛ sɛ wode sie w’adwenem:

Egye bere kakra ansa na wɔakum TB mmoawa no koraa, enti ɛsɛ sɛ wonom nnuru a wɔakyerɛw ama wo no nyinaa bere tenten (asram pii, ebia asram 6 anaa nea ɛboro saa) a wo duruyɛfo kyerɛw ma wo no nyinaa.

Sɛ wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne brɛ ase anaa wo ho tɔ wo mpo a, nnyae w’aduru nom kosi sɛ wo duruyɛfo bɛka akyerɛ wo. Ɛno ne ɔkwan a eye sen biara a wobɛfa so akum mmoawa a wopira no koraa. Sɛ wugyae w’aduru no nom fã anaasɛ woannom no yiye a, eyi ne nea ɛba: Mmoawa a wɔtra wo nipadua mu no tumi ko tia nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa no, na ɛma ɛyɛ den sɛ wobekum wɔn. Eyi betumi ama obi anya nsamanwaw ahorow a asiane wom kɛse, na ɛyɛ den sɛ wɔbɛsa. Enti, ɛho hia yiye sɛ wobɛnom w’aduru no sɛnea wo duruyɛfo ka kyerɛ wo no pɛpɛɛpɛ.

Dɛn na yebetumi ayɛ de asiw nsamanwaw ano?

"Ɛyɛ papa sɛ wobesiw yare ano sen sɛ wɔbɛsa no bere a aba akyi." Enti, nneɛma bi wɔ hɔ a ɛnyɛ den a yebetumi ayɛ na ɛnyɛ nsamanwaw nko na yɛakɔ so anya ahobammɔ, na mmom nyarewa afoforo pii nso. Sɛ w’abusua mu biara di nneɛma yi akyi a, anka ɛbɛyɛ papa:

• Hohoro wo nsa yiye: Bere nyinaa fa samina ne nsu hohoro wo nsa yiye, titiriw ansa na woadi, bere a woakɔ tiafi, ne bere a woafi abɔnten aba no.
• Fa ntini anaa wo nsateaa kata w’ano ne wo hwene so bere a wofefe anaa wofefe no: Mfa wo nsa nni dwuma. Eyi betumi ama mmoawa atrɛw akɔ wo nsa ne nneɛma afoforo a wode wo nsa ka no so.
• Mfa wo mpopaho, nkuku a wode bɛnom nsa, anaa nneɛma a wode di dwuma nkyɛ afoforo . Ɛyɛ papa sɛ obiara de n’ankasa nneɛma bedi dwuma.
• Twe wo ho fi nnipa a wɔyare ho sɛnea wubetumi : Hwɛ yiye titiriw bere a worebɔ fekuw wɔ mmeae a nnipa a wɔyare ne atiridii wɔ hɔ no.

Saa suban ahorow yi akyi a wubedi no bɛboa wo ma woabɔ wo ho ban afi nsamanwaw nko ho, na mmom nyarewa afoforo pii nso ho.

Wɔ bere a ɛte sɛɛ mu no, akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn!

Awiei koraa no, ma yɛnhwɛ bere a akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn. Sɛ wo anaa w’abusua mu obi wɔ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a edidi so yi mu biara a, yɛsrɛ sɛ hwehwɛ aduruyɛ mu afotu a ɛnntwentwɛn wo nan ase:

• Sɛ wo ne obi a ɔwɔ nsamanwaw adi nkitaho kɛse (e.g. ɔte fie koro mu, ɔyɛ adwuma wɔ adwumayɛbea koro).
• Sɛ wowɔ atiridiinini a ɛtra hɔ kyɛ a .
• Sɛ wo ho fifiri boro so anadwo a .
• Sɛ wofefe a ɛtra hɔ kyɛ anaasɛ wofefe mogya ka nsu a ɛyɛ fĩ ho a .
• Sɛ wo mu duru so retew a ntease biara nnim a .

Sɛ wuhu biribi te sɛ eyi a, nsusuw kɛkɛ sɛ, "Ebia eyi yɛ asɛm a ɛbae ara kwa." Sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm na wokɔhwɛ wo a, wubetumi ahu yare biara ntɛm na woafi ase sa yare.

Nneɛma a ɛho hia sen biara a ɛsɛ sɛ wokae fi asɛm yi mu (Take-Home Message) .

Okay, yɛaka nsamanwaw ho asɛm pii, ɛnte saa? Nneɛma a ɛho hia sen biara a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛma ɛtra yɛn adwenem fi eyinom nyinaa ho ne eyinom:

• Nsamanwaw yɛ yare a mmoawa a ɛka ahurututu titiriw na ɛde ba.
• Ɛnam mmoawa a wɔhome kɔ mframa mu bere a obi a ɔwɔ ɔyare no kɔfe anaa ɔfefe no so na ɛtrɛw .
• Sɛ wowɔ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow te sɛ ɔfe a ɛtra hɔ bɛboro adapɛn abien, fifiri a ɛba anadwo, atiridiinini, ne wo mu duru a ɛso tew a, hwɛ yiye .
• Honam ani nhwehwɛmu (TST) ne mogya mu nhwehwɛmu wɔ hɔ de hu nsamanwaw.
• Ayaresa a etu mpɔn wɔ hɔ a wɔde sa nsamanwaw (`Antibiotics`) . Nanso, ɛho hia yiye sɛ wobɛnom aduru no bere tenten a oduruyɛfo no akyerɛw ama wo no nyinaa pɛpɛɛpɛ. Sɛ ɛnte saa a, nnuru a wɔko tia betumi ayɛ kɛse.
• Akwahosan ho su pa a wɔde di dwuma no boa ma wosiw nsamanwaw ano.

Kae sɛ nsamanwaw nyɛ biribi a ɛsɛ sɛ wosuro, na mmom ɛyɛ biribi a ɛsɛ sɛ wodwen ho. Sɛ wohu ntɛm na wɔsa no yiye a, wobetumi asa no koraa. Sɛ w’adwene mu yɛ wo naa a, kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm ara. Kɔ so nya apɔwmuden!

` Nsamanwaw, Nsamanwaw, T.B., Ahurututu mu Nyarewa, Nyarewa a Ɛde Nyarewa, Nsamanwaw Nsɛnkyerɛnne, Nsamanwaw Ayaresa