So ɛtɔ mmere bi a wo nipadua ho akuru? Anaasɛ egye bere tenten ansa na mogya no agyae bere a wɔatwa no ketewaa bi awie no? Ebia mogya tu wo ntini bere nyinaa? Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, eyinom betumi ayɛ ɔhaw bi a ɛwɔ mogya nkwammoaa mu, nkwammoaa ketewaa bi a ɛwɔ yɛn mogya mu ho sɛnkyerɛnne. Ɛnnɛ, yɛbɛka nea mogya nkwammoaa mu yare yi yɛ ho asɛm.
Dɛn ne mogya nkwammoaa mu nyarewa yi?
Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, mogya mu nkwammoaa mu yare yɛ tebea horow a ɛka mogya mu nkwammoaa dodow a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu anaa sɛnea ɛyɛ adwuma. Okay, afei ebia woresusuw ho sɛ, "Dɛn ne mogya nkwammoaa yi?" Momma yɛnkyerɛkyerɛ ɛno nso mu.
Dɛn ne mogya nkwammoaa a ɛma mogya tu?
Fa no sɛ wowɔ kuru ketewaa bi. Mogya a ɛretu no gyae bere tiaa bi akyi, ɛnte saa? Wiɛ, mogya nkwammoaa yi boa wɔ ɛno mu. Platelets yɛ nkwammoaa asinasin nketenkete paa (te sɛ nkwammoaa asinasin) wɔ yɛn mogya mu. Wɔyɛ wɔ yɛn nnompe mu ntini mu. Sɛ opira bi ba a, mogya nkwammoaa yi bom, ɛkata kuru no so na ɛma mogya no gyae. Ɛte sɛ abɔde mu plaster a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu! Wɔbata ho na ɛyɛ mogya a ɛtɔ. Eyi ne ade titiriw a ɛma mogya tu gyae.
Enti dɛn ne mogya nkwammoaa mu yare?
Enti, mogya nkwammoaa mu yare yɛ biribi a enye wɔ mogya nkwammoaa yi ho. Ɛno kyerɛ sɛ, ebia wo mogya nkwammoaa dodow no sua, anaasɛ ɛkɔ soro, anaasɛ sɛ wowɔ mogya nkwammoaa dodow a ɛfata mpo a, ebia ɛrenyɛ adwuma yiye. Ɔkwan biara so no, ebetumi de mogyatɔw ho haw ahorow aba.
Dɛn ne mogya nkwammoaa mu nyarewa atitiriw?
Ntini mu yare atitiriw abiɛsa na ɛwɔ hɔ:
1. Thrombocytosis: Eyi kyerɛ sɛ mogya nkwammoaa dodow a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu no dɔɔso sen sɛnea ɛte daa no koraa .
2. Thrombocytopenia: Eyi ne bere a mogya nkwammoaa dodow a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu no sua koraa sen sɛnea ɛte daa .
3. Ntini mu nkwammoaa a ɛnkɔ yiye: Ɛha yi, ɛwom mpo sɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu no dodow yɛ nea ɛfata de, nanso ɛnyɛ adwuma yiye. Ɛte sɛ nea wowɔ tae anan wɔ kar mu, nanso emu biako ayɛ mmerɛw.
Mpɛn pii no, mogya nkwammoaa mu yare yi ho sɛnkyerɛnne nyɛ den. Ebia nnipa binom renkyerɛ sɛnkyerɛnne biara mpo. Nanso, wɔ tebea horow bi mu no, titiriw sɛ mogya nkwammoaa no sua anaasɛ ɛnyɛ adwuma yiye a, asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ mogya bɛtu no betumi ayɛ kɛse. Afei nso, sɛ mogya nkwammoaa dodow dɔɔso dodo a, asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ mogya a ɛbɛtɔ (mogya a ɛyɛ hu) betumi ayɛ kɛse .
Wo duruyɛfo betumi akyerɛkyerɛ asiane ahorow yi mu na wagyina wo tebea so akamfo ayaresa a ɛho hia akyerɛ wo.
Dɛn ne sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi?
Nsɛnkyerɛnne a wobetumi ahu wɔ mogya nkwammoaa mu yare mu no bi ne:
- Nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛkyerɛ sɛ mogya retu wɔ honam ani:
- Akuru pue wɔ mmeae bi kɛkɛ wɔ nipadua no so. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a wɔfrɛ eyi purpura.
- Nsonsonoe nketenkete kɔkɔɔ a ɛte sɛ pin-point (petechiae) pue wɔ honam ani. Eyinom taa yɛ mmeae a ɛnyɛ nea ɛyɛ yaw a ɛnyɛ fitaa wɔ n’ankasa mu.
- Mmea nya mogya a ɛtɔ kɛse bere a wɔrekɔ brayɛ mu (ɛkyɛ sen sɛnea wɔtaa yɛ, mogya tu kɛse).
- Mogya a ɛtaa tu fi hwene mu.
- Mogya a ɛtɔ gu wo sẽ mu bere a worehohoro wo sẽ no.
- Mogya a ɛwɔ wo nsu mu (a ebetumi adan tuntum) anaa mogya a ɛwɔ wo nsu mu (a ebetumi adan kɔkɔɔ/pink).
- Sɛ obi te nka sɛ wayɛ mmerɛw, n’adwene mu yɛ no naa, anaasɛ watɔ piti (titiriw bere a mogya atɔ no).
- Ɛtɔ mmere bi a mogya a ɛtɔ a ɛnyɛ ne kwan so betumi ayɛ (titiriw wɔ nsɛm a mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ dodow kɔ soro mu).
Sɛ wowɔ saa sɛnkyerɛnne yi mu biako anaa nea ɛboro saa a, ɛbɛyɛ papa sɛ wobɛhwehwɛ aduruyɛfo afotu.
Dɛn nti na eyi rekɔ so? Dɛn ne nea enti a ɛte saa?
Nneɛma ahorow nti na mogya nkwammoaa mu yare betumi aba. Ɛtɔ da bi a, ayaresa tebea foforo a wowɔ anaa aduru bi a wonom betumi de aba. Mmere foforo nso, awosu mu tebea bi a wunya fi w’awofo hɔ no betumi de aba.
Nneɛma a ɛde mogya nkwammoaa a ɛdɔɔso ba
Nneɛma atitiriw abien nti na mogya nkwammoaa dɔɔso:
- Thrombocythemia a ɛho hia: Eyi yɛ tebea a ɛntaa nsi a wo nnompe mu ntini no ma mogya nkwammoaa pii sen sɛnea ɛsɛ sɛ ɛyɛ esiane awosu mu nsakrae nti.
- Reactive thrombocytosis: Eyi ne nea abu so sen biara. Ɛba bere a nipadua no yɛ mogya nkwammoaa pii dodo de yɛ tebea foforo ho biribi no. Nhwɛsoɔ:
- mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ nipadua mu a dade nnim.
- Tebea horow a ɛma nipadua no yɛ hyew (e.g. kokoram, ɔyare mmoawa).
- Apirakuru a wɔde ma.
- Nnuru bi.
Nneɛma a ɛde mogya nkwammoaa a ɛba fam ba
Ebia nneɛma pii nti na ebia wo mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ dodow sua:
- Nipadua no ntumi nyɛ mogya nkwammoaa a ɛdɔɔso: Ebia eyi fi ɔhaw bi a ɛwɔ nnompe mu ntini mu.
- Nkwammoaa a wɔsɛe no esiane yare bi nti: Sɛ nhwɛso no, wɔ `(Autoimmune diseases)` (nyarewa a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa mu) mu no, nipadua no ankasa nipadua mu nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa no sɛe n’ankasa mogya mu nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa. `(Immune thrombocytopenia - ITP)` yɛ tebea a ɛte saa.
- Akisikuru no sie mogya nkwammoaa pii: Mpɛn pii no, akisikuru no sie yɛn mogya nkwammoaa no bɛyɛ nkyem abiɛsa mu biako. Nanso, wɔ nyarewa bi mu no, dodow yi kɔ soro.
- Nneɛma afoforo nti:
- Mogya mu kokoram (a ɛnam nnompe mu ntini a kokoram nkwammoaa ahyɛ mu ma nti).
- Mogya mu nyarewa bi, sɛ nhwɛso no `(Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura - TPP)` ne `(Disseminated intravascular coagulation - DIC)`.
- Nyarewa a emu yɛ den.
- Nnuru ne ayaresa bi a wɔde sa kokoram (Chemotherapy, Radiation therapy).
Nneɛma a ɛde mogya nkwammoaa a ɛnyɛ adwuma yiye ba
Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, sɛ mogya nkwammoaa dodow no ara te sɛ nea ɛfata mpo a, ebia ɔhaw bi bɛba wɔn dwumadi mu. Ntease ahorow bi nso wɔ hɔ a enti ɛte saa:
- Tebea horow a wonya fi awo mu (awosu mu nneɛma): Eyinom ho yɛ na koraa. Nhwɛso ahorow: `(Bernard Soulier yare)`, `(Glanzman thrombasthenia)`, `(Von Willebrand yare)` (a ɛka mogya nkwammoaa dwumadi ne nneɛma afoforo a ɛka mogya a ɛtwetwe ho), `(Wiskott-Aldrich yare)`.
- Tebea horow a wonya: Nyarewa te sɛ asaabo a entumi nyɛ adwuma yiye, mmerɛbo mu yare, ne lupus betumi aka ɔkwan a mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ fa so yɛ adwuma.
- Nnuru: Nnuru bi, titiriw SSRI nnuru a ekum adwenemhaw ne NSAID betumi asɛe mogya nkwammoaa dwumadi. Nokwarem no, mogya mu nkwammoaa a ɛnyɛ adwuma yiye a nnuru de ba no ne nea ɛtaa de ba.
Hena na ɔwɔ asiane kɛse mu sɛ obenya eyinom?
Nneɛma pii wɔ hɔ a ɛma asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ obi benya mogya nkwammoaa mu yare no yɛ kɛse:
- Mfe a wɔadi: Ebia mogya nkwammoaa mu yare bi taa ba wɔ mfe a wɔadi mu.
- Bɔbeasu: Ɛwom sɛ obiara betumi anya bi de, nanso ɛda adi sɛ mmea behu sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow wɔ bere a mogya tu no te sɛ brayɛ ne awo mu.
- Abusua abakɔsɛm: Awosu mu mogya mu nkwammoaa mu nyarewa bi betumi afi awo ntoatoaso so akɔ awo ntoatoaso so.
- Ayaresa mu tebea afoforo: Nyarewa pii te sɛ nyarewa a nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa, ɔyare mmoawa, asaabo ne mmerɛbo mu nyarewa, ne kokoram betumi de mogya nkwammoaa mu ɔhaw aba.
- Kokoram ayaresa: Nnuru a wɔde sa yare ne mframa a wɔde sa yare no betumi atew mogya nkwammoaa dodow so.
- Nnuru: Nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa ne nnuru bi a wɔde sa akisikuru nso betumi aka mogya nkwammoaa a ɛma mogya tu.
- Asetra kwan: Nsã a wɔnom boro so ne tawa ho nneɛma a wɔde di dwuma betumi aka mogya mu nkwammoaa a ɛma mogya tu no.
Nsɛnnennen bɛn na ebetumi afi tebea yi mu aba?
Sɛ wɔanni mogya nkwammoaa mu yare ho dwuma yiye a, nsɛnnennen bi betumi aba:
- Mogya a ɛtɔ: Kuru ketewaa bi mpo betumi ama mogya atɔ no pii.
- Mogya a ɛtɔ kɛse wɔ mmea mu wɔ brayɛ mu (Menorrhagia).
- Mogya a ɛba yafunu mu.
- Wɔ tebea horow te sɛ `essential thrombocytosis` mu no, tebea horow a asiane wom te sɛ mogya a ɛtɔ wɔ nan no ntini mu (deep vein thrombosis) anaa mogya a ɛtɔ wɔ ahurututu mu (pulmonary embolism) betumi aba.
- Asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ obi benya komayare anaa akisikuru (titiriw sɛ mogya a ɛbɛtɔ ntɛmntɛm a).
Nanso kae sɛ, .Sɛ wɔne oduruyɛfo yɛ adwuma na wodi ayaresa nhyehyɛe a ɛfata akyi a, wobetumi akwati nsɛnnennen yi pii.
Wobɛyɛ dɛn ahu eyi? (Nyare a Wɔahu) .
Sɛ wowɔ mogya nkwammoaa mu yare ho sɛnkyerɛnne a, oduruyɛfo bi bedi kan ayɛ wo nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu. Wobebisa wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne, nnuru a wonom, ne sɛ ebia obi a ɔwɔ w’abusua mu anya ɔhaw a ɛte saa ara anaa. Wɔbɛfa aduruyɛ ho abakɔsɛm nso. Afei, wɔbɛyɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu bi de ahwɛ wo mogya nkwammoaa mu.
Mogya mu nhwehwɛmu atitiriw ne:
- Mogya dodow a edi mũ (CBC): Eyi kyerɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ, mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa, ne mogya mu nkwammoaa dodow a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu.
- Peripheral blood smear (PBS): Wɔ sɔhwɛ yi mu no, wɔfa wo mogya no mu kakra na wɔde afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete hwehwɛ mu hwɛ sɛ mogya nkwammoaa no te sɛ nea ɛteɛ ne sɛ nsakrae bi aba ne nsusuwii anaa ne kɛse mu anaa.
- Nkwammoaa mu nkwammoaa dwumadi ho nhwehwɛmu: Saa nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi hwɛ sɛnea wo mogya mu nkwammoaa a ɛma mogya tu no yiye ne sɛ ebia ɛreyɛ adwuma yiye anaa.
Sɛ nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi si so dua sɛ wowɔ mogya nkwammoaa mu yare a, ebia ebehia sɛ woyɛ nhwehwɛmu foforo na ama woahu nea ɛde ba. Nhwɛsoɔ:
- Nnompe mu ntini mu nhwehwɛmu: Wɔ eyi mu no, wɔfa nnompe mu ntini ketewaa bi na wɔhwɛ sɛ ebia nkwammoaa a ɛnyɛ ne kwan so (mogya mu yare anaa kokoram ho sɛnkyerɛnne) wɔ hɔ anaa.
- Awosu mu nhwehwɛmu: Esiane sɛ awosu mu nneɛma na ɛde mogya nkwammoaa mu yare bi ba nti, nhwehwɛmu yi hwehwɛ awosu mu nsakrae a ɛbata ho.
Dɛn ne ayaresa ahorow no?
Ntini mu nkwammoaa mu yare a wɔsa no gyina nea ɛde ba no so. Tebea horow bi yɛ bere tiaa mu de na sɛ nea ɛde ba no afi hɔ pɛ a, esiesie. Nanso, sɛ wowɔ mogya nkwammoaa mu yare a enni sabea (a ɛtra hɔ kyɛ) a, ɛho behia sɛ wokɔ mogya ho oduruyɛfo nkyɛn na wonya ayaresa na ama wo mogya nkwammoaa dodow akɔ so ayɛ nea asiane biara nni ho.
Wobetumi ayɛ nea edidi so yi sɛ ayaresa:
- Twɛn a wobɛwɛn: Sɛ wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne no mu nyɛ den a, ebia ɛho renhia ayaresa ntɛm ara. Mmom no, wo duruyɛfo no de mogya mu nhwehwɛmu a wɔbɛyɛ no daa bɛhwɛ sɛnea mogya nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu no te.
- Nnuru: Sɛ wo mogya nkwammoaa dodow dɔɔso dodo, sɛ́ ɛyɛ tebea bi te sɛ `essential thrombocytosis` anaa mogya mu kokoram foforo (te sɛ `(myeloproliferative disease)`) nti, wobetumi ama wo nnuru a ɛbɛtew so. Saa ara na sɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu no sua a, wobetumi ama wo nnuru a ɛbɛma ayɛ kɛse anaasɛ ɛbɛtew sɛnea ɛsɛe no so.
- Nkwammoaa mu nkwammoaa a ɛma mogya tu a ɛso tew: Wɔntaa nyɛ eyi. Adeyɛ bi a wɔfrɛ no apheresis yi mogya mu nkwammoaa a ɛboro so fi mogya no mu.
- Nkwammoaa mu nkwammoaa a wɔde ma:Sɛ wo mogya nkwammoaa dodow sua koraa (titiriw sɛ mogya retu wo a) a, wobetumi ama wo mogya nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ akyi.
- Plasma therapy / Plasma exchange: Ebia saa ayaresa yi ho behia wɔ yare te sɛ TPP mu. Eyi hwehwɛ sɛ wɔde mogya no fã a ayera a wɔfrɛ no (ADAMTS13) no besi ananmu.
Wo ne tebea yi tra ase dɛn? Wobɛyɛ dɛn ahwɛ wo ho?
Wo suahu begyina mogya nkwammoaa mu yare ko a wowɔ ne nea ɛde ba so. Mpɛn pii no, wo mogya nkwammoaa dodow bɛsan ayɛ sɛnea na ɛte bere a wɔasa nea ɛde ba no. Anaasɛ, ebia wo tebea no remfa wo nkwa nto asiane mu kosi sɛ wubepira. Sɛ ɛba saa a, ɛho behia sɛ woyɛ nneɛma bi de tew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubepira no so. Sɛ woreyɛ biribi te sɛ oprehyɛn a, ɛho behia sɛ w’aduruyɛfo kuw no hwɛ yiye titiriw na amma mogya antu.
Wɔ nsɛm a emu yɛ den kɛse mu no, ebia ebehia sɛ wokɔ so nom nnuru, woyɛ wo ayaresa daa, na woyɛ nhwehwɛmu de hwɛ sɛ wowɔ mogya nkwammoaa a ɛte apɔw a ɛdɔɔso wɔ wo nipadua mu.
Sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wo ne mogya nkwammoaa mu yare bi tra ase a, ade a eye sen biara a wubetumi ayɛ ne sɛ wobɛte ɔkwan pɔtee a wobɛfa so atew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ mogya tu anaa mogya a ɛbɛtɔ a asiane wom no so. Ɛho hia sɛ wuhu nneɛma yi:
- Dwumadi ahorow a ɛsɛ sɛ wokwati: Sɛ wopira a, mogya mu nkwammoaa a ɛma mogya tu no bi betumi ama mogya atu wo kɛse. Enti, ɛsɛ sɛ wɔkwati dwumadi ahorow a asiane kɛse wom sɛ obi bepira (e.g., agumadi a wɔde di nkitaho).
- Sɛnea wɔhwɛ kuru: Sɛ asiane wɔ hɔ sɛ mogya bɛtu a, ɛho hia sɛ wuhu sɛnea wɔde nhyɛso bɛto kuru bi so na ama mogya atɔ no agyae. Wo duruyɛfo betumi akyerɛ wo sɛnea wobɛyɛ eyi.
- Nnuru a ɛsɛ sɛ wonom (na ɛnsɛ sɛ wonom): Ebia ebehia sɛ wokɔ so nom nnuru a wode bedi mogya nkwammoaa mu yare bi ho dwuma. Ebia ɛho behia nso sɛ wokwati nnuru bi (te sɛ NSAID te sɛ aspirin) a ɛmma mogya nkwammoaa no nyɛ adwuma na ɛma mogya tu no yɛ kɛse.
- Nnuru a wɔde ka aduan ho a ɛsɛ sɛ wɔkwati: Nnuru bi betumi ama mogya a ɛbɛtɔ nnipa a wɔwɔ mogya nkwammoaa mu yare no ayɛ kɛse. Bisa wo duruyɛfo no nea eyinom yɛ.
- Sɛnea wo ne wo nnuruyɛfo bedi nkitaho: Sɛ woreyɛ nhyehyɛe sɛ wobɛyɛ biribi a ebetumi ama mogya atɔ wo, sɛ́ ɛyɛ adeyɛ ketewaa bi te sɛ wo sẽ a woyi anaa oprehyɛn kɛse bi a, ɛsɛ sɛ wobɔ wo nnuruyɛfo amanneɛ wɔ ho.
Hwehwɛ eyinom nyinaa ho afotu fi wo mogya ho ɔyaresafo anaa oduruyɛfo a ɔhwɛ wo tebea no so no hɔ.
Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn?
Sɛ wuhu sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛkyerɛ sɛ mogya nkwammoaa mu yare bi wɔ hɔ, te sɛ akisikuru a ɛkɔ so daa a ntease biara nnim (titiriw akuru a ɛsõ sen sika a ɛyɛ rupee anum a wonkae) , kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn.
Sɛ wowɔ mogya a ɛretu wo kɛse ho sɛnkyerɛnne (e.g., mogya a ɛretu a ennyae, adwenemhaw a emu yɛ den, w’adwene mu yɛ wo naa) anaa mogya a ɛretu (e.g., wo koko mu yaw, ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛhome, ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛkasa, wo nsa anaa wo nan a ɛyɛ mmerɛw - eyinom betumi ayɛ ``akisikuru'' anaa ``komayare'' ho sɛnkyerɛnne a, kɔ baabi a wɔhwɛ wɔn a wɔwɔ ayaresa a egye ntɛmpɛ ntɛm ara.
Nsɛm bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ wubisa oduruyɛfo no?
Sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn a, ntwentwɛn wo nan ase sɛ wubebisa nsɛm te sɛ eyinom:
- Me tebea no mu yɛ den dɛn?
- So wobetumi asa eyi koraa?
- Ayaresa ahorow bɛn na ɛbɛboa me?
- Mpɛn ahe na ɛsɛ sɛ mema wɔhwɛ me mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ dodow?
- Dɛn na metumi ayɛ na amma mogya a ɛbɛtɔ anaasɛ mogya a ɛbɛtɔ a ɛyɛ hu?
Nkrasɛm a etwa to a wɔde kɔ fie
Nneɛma pii wɔ hɔ a ebetumi aka mogya nkwammoaa a ɛma mogya tu, na ayaresa ahorow bi mpo betumi aka. Enti, nsusuw sɛ nea enye koraa bere a wuhu sɛ wo mogya nkwammoaa dodow nyɛ nea ɛfata no. Nanso, ɛho hia sɛ wuhu nea ɛde ɔhaw no ba ankasa. Ɛno ansa na wubehu nea woredi ho dwuma no ankasa.
Sɛ wususuw sɛ wowɔ mogya nkwammoaa mu yare ho sɛnkyerɛnne a, kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn. Obetumi akamfo ayaresa ahorow a ɛbɛboa ma wo mogya nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu no asan aba sɛnea na ɛte kan anaasɛ wobedi wo tebea no ho dwuma akyerɛ. Ɔkwan a eye sen biara a wobɛfa so anya apɔwmuden ne sɛ wobɛbue w’ani, abisa nsɛm, na woanya wo tebea no ho ntease pa.
` mogya nkwammoaa mu haw, mogya nkwammoaa, mogya a ɛtɔ, mogya a ɛtɔ, thrombocytopenia, thrombocytosis, mogya nkwammoaa a ɛnyɛ adwuma yiye, Sinhala aduruyɛ, mogya mu nyarewa

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