So ɛyɛ den ma wo nso sɛ wubehu ade yiye bere a woadi mfe 40 akyi? Momma yɛnka Presbyopia ho asɛm!

So ɛyɛ den ma wo kakra nso sɛ wobɛhwɛ atesɛm krataa, akenkan nhoma, anaa woahu nkyerɛwee nketewa a ɛwɔ wo fon so? Ebia ɛsɛ sɛ wokura nhoma bi kɔ akyirikyiri kakra ansa na woakenkan? Anaasɛ w’ani yɛ wo yaw na sɛ woreyɛ adwuma a ɛbɛn wo a? Mpɛn pii no, eyi fi tebea a yɛreka ho asɛm nnɛ (Presbyopia) no. Ɛnyɛ biribi a ɛsɛ sɛ wosuro, ɛnyɛ yare, ɛyɛ biribi a ɛto nnipa pii bere a wɔrenyin no.

Dɛn ne Presbyopia? Momma yɛnte ase kɛkɛ!

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, presbyopia yɛ sɛnea wohwere nkakrankakra sɛ wode w’adwene si nneɛma a ɛbɛn wo so pefee bere a worenyin no. Eyi ba efisɛ abɔde mu ahwehwɛ a ɛwɔ yɛn aniwa mu no hwere sɛnea ɛyɛ mmerɛw bere a yɛrenyin no.

Mpɛn pii no, presbyopia fi ase bɛyɛ mfe 40. Afei ebetumi asɛe nkakrankakra kosi bɛyɛ mfe 60-65. Ebia wubehu sɛ nnwuma a ɛbɛn te sɛ nhoma anaa atesɛm krataa akenkan anaasɛ ade a wɔde nhama bɛbɔ no bɛyɛ den sen kan no. Wɔ nnipa binom fam no, eyi betumi ama wɔn ti ayɛ wɔn yaw, wɔn ani ayɛ wɔn yaw, na wɔn ani abrɛ.

Nea ɛho hia ne sɛ, Presbyopia nyɛ yare. Ɛyɛ onyin fã a efi awosu mu. Sɛnea yɛn ti nhwi dan fitaa no ara pɛ. Ɛyɛ mfomso a ɛba aniwa no mu wɔ aniwa no mu, na ɛyɛ nsakrae ketewaa bi wɔ ɔkwan a hann fa so twe adwene si aniwa no mu no mu. Nea eye sen biara ne sɛ ɛnyɛ den sɛ wobetumi de ahwehwɛ, ahwehwɛ a wɔde hwɛ ade, anaa oprehyɛn asiesie.

Saa tebea yi abu so dɛn (Presbyopia)?

Presbyopia yɛ tebea a abu so yiye. Ɛnyɛ wo nko, na mmom nnipa ɔpepem pii a wɔwɔ wiase nyinaa. Eduu afe 2015 no, nnipa bɛyɛ ɔpepepem 1.8 wɔ wiase nyinaa na na wɔwɔ presbyopia. Nhwehwɛmufo kyerɛ sɛ ebedu afe 2030 no, dodow yi bedu ɔpepepem 2.1. Enti wubetumi ahu sɛnea eyi abu so.

Dɛn ne presbyopia ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow? Hwɛ sɛ wo nso wowɔ eyinom anaa!

Hwɛ na hwɛ sɛ wowɔ saa su ahorow yi anaa:

• Hann pii a wuhia na wode akenkan: So wote nka sɛ seesei wuhia hann pii na wode akenkan nneɛma a kan no na wode hann a ɛfata kenkan?
• Anisoadehu a ɛyɛ kusuu bere a worekenkan ade wɔ akyirikyiri a ɛfata: So nkyerɛwee no mu nna hɔ bere a wokura atesɛm krataa anaa nhoma bi mu wɔ baabi a ɛfata no?
• Ɛsɛ sɛ wokura nneɛma a wokenkan mu wɔ akyirikyiri: Eyi yɛ biribi a nnipa pii hu sɛ ɛyɛ nwonwa. So ɛsɛ sɛ wokura wo fon anaa nhoma no mu wɔ akyirikyiri saa?
• Ti a ɛyɛ wo yaw bere a woreyɛ adwuma a ɛbɛn wo: So wo ti yɛ wo yaw bere a woakenkan nhoma anaa woayɛ biribi a wɔde pam ade awie no?
• Aniwa a ɛyɛ den: So w’ani yɛ wo yaw, ɛte sɛ nea wɔretwe afi mu, anaasɛ wote nka sɛ woabrɛ?

Sɛ wowɔ saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi mu biako anaa nea ɛboro saa a, ebia efi presbyopia.

Dɛn nti na yenya presbyopia? Dɛn na ɛde ba?

Ade titiriw nti a presbyopia nya ne nsakrae a ɛba yɛn aniwa mu bere a yɛrenyin no. Sɛ yɛyɛ mmofra, kyerɛ sɛ, wɔ nkwa mfe du du kakraa a edi kan no mu no, aniwa a ɛwɔ yɛn aniwa mu no yɛ mmerɛw yiye na ɛyɛ mmerɛw. Sɛ wohwɛ biribi a ɛwɔ akyirikyiri na afei mpofirim ara wohwɛ biribi a ɛbɛn a, saa ahwehwɛ yi tumi sesa ne nsusuwii ntɛmntɛm. Yɛsan frɛ saa tumi yi ``dabere``. Eyi te saa nti, hann mframa hwe ase wɔ ``retina`` no so pɛpɛɛpɛ na yehu pefee.

Fa w’ani sɛ mfoninitwa afiri. Mfoninitwa afiri ahwehwɛ tumi de n’adwene si nneɛma a ɛbɛn ne nneɛma a ɛwɔ akyirikyiri so. Yɛn aniwa ahwehwɛ no, ne aniwa no anim fã a ɛda adi a wɔfrɛ no cornea no ma yehu ade a emu da hɔ yi. Sɛ yɛbɛte presbyopia ase a, ɛboa sɛ wubehu adeyɛ yi ho asɛm kakra:

1. Aniwa no kotow wɔ awosu mu bere a hann hyɛn aniwa no mu no.

2. Afei, ntini ketewaa bi a ɛte sɛ nkaa a atwa ahwehwɛ no ho ahyia no twetwe anaasɛ ɛyɛ mmerɛw. Saa adeyɛ yi sesa sɛnea ahwehwɛ no te na ɛma wotumi de nneɛma a ɛbɛn anaa akyirikyiri de wɔn adwene si biribi so. Sɛ ade no wɔ akyirikyiri a, ntini no dwo. Sɛ ɛbɛn a, ntini no twetwe.

3. Hann hwe ase wɔ retina no so. Eyi yɛ ntini bi a ɛwɔ aniwa no akyi . Eyi ne nea ɛdan hann ma ɛbɛyɛ anyinam ahoɔden nsɛnkyerɛnne.

4. Aniwa ntini no de saa nsɛnkyerɛnne yi kɔ amemene no mu. Ɛno na yehu mfonini no.

Bere a yɛrenyin no, yɛn aniwa no kɔ so nyin. Te sɛ onion no, wɔde nkwammoaa foforo ka ho. Eyi ma ahwehwɛ no yɛ den na ɛhwere sɛnea ɛyɛ mmerɛw. Ne saa nti, hann ntumi nkɔ retina no so yiye. Eyi ne bere a nneɛma a ɛbɛn yɛn fi ase yɛ te sɛ nea ɛyɛ kusuu. Eyi ne ade titiriw a ɛde presbyopia ba.

Hena na ɔwɔ asiane kɛse sɛ obenya presbyopia?

Asiane titiriw a ɛde ba ne sɛ obi adi boro mfe 40 . Nanso, nnuru ne nyarewa bi betumi de presbyopia aba nnipa a wonnii mfe 40. Yɛfrɛ eyi "premature presbyopia" anaa ``premature presbyopia''.

Asiane ahorow a ɛma obi nya presbyopia no bi ne:

• Sɛ obi hwɛ akyirikyiri (Hyperopia).
• Nnuru bi a wɔde di dwuma. Sɛ nhwɛso no, nnuru a ekum akisikuru ne nnuru a ekum adwenemhaw a wɔde sa adwenemhaw.
• Nyarewa bi a obi wɔ. Nhwɛso ahorow: Asikreyare, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Koma ne Ntini mu yare.

Wobɛyɛ dɛn ahu sɛ wowɔ presbyopia anaa?

Aniwa ho oduruyɛfo, kyerɛ sɛ, oduruyɛfo a ne ho akokwaw wɔ aniwa ho no betumi denam aniwa mu nhwehwɛmu so ahu presbyopia pɛpɛɛpɛ.

Wɔfrɛ sɔhwɛ yi fã titiriw bi ``refraction assessment.`` Saa sɔhwɛ yi susuw sɛnea wubetumi ahu ade yiye wɔ akyirikyiri ahorow. Saa nhwehwɛmu yi betumi akyerɛ wo duruyɛfo sɛ wowɔ presbyopia, anisoadehu mu haw afoforo te sɛ astigmatism, nearsightedness (Myopia) anaa akyirikyiri (Hyperopia) a.

Dɛn ne nnuru a wɔde sa presbyopia?

Ɛdenam w’akwahosan tebea, w’asetra kwan, ne nea wopɛ so no, w’ani ho ɔyaresafo betumi akyerɛ akwan a edidi so yi mu biako anaa nea ɛboro saa:

• Aniwa ahwehwɛ a wɔde hwɛ aniwa
• Ahwehwɛ a wɔde hwɛ ade
• Oprehyɛn a wɔyɛ
• Aniwa mu nsu a ɛtɔ

Momma yɛnka eyinom mu biara ho asɛm nkɔ akyiri kakra.

Aniwa ahwehwɛ a wɔde hwɛ aniwa

Sɛ́ ebia wode ahwehwɛ adi dwuma ama aniwa mu ɔhaw foforo bi pɛn no, ebia mprempren ne bere a ɛsɛ sɛ wodan kɔ ahwehwɛ a ɛyɛ fɛ a ɛfata w’ani a ɛresakra no so. Nneɛma bi a wubetumi apaw ni:

• Akenkan ahwehwɛ / Akenkanfo: Eyinom ye ma nnipa a wotumi hu ade yiye (Myopia), wohu ade akyirikyiri (Hyperopia), anaasɛ wɔwɔ astigmatism. Wubetumi atɔ Readers wɔ counter so wɔ nnurutɔnbea bi. Nanso, ɛbɛyɛ papa sɛ wubebisa wo duruyɛfo no tumi a ɛma woyɛ kɛse a ɛfata wo. Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ foforo no, wubetumi anya akenkan ahwehwɛ a wɔakyerɛw ama wo a wɔayɛ sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a ɛbɛfata aniwa abien no nyinaa.
• Bifocals: Saa ahwehwɛ yi a wɔtaa kyerɛw ma presbyopia no wɔ nnuru abien a wɔkyerɛw ma wɔ ahwehwɛ koro no ara mu. Lens no fã a ɛwɔ soro no boa ma wotumi hu akyirikyiri, na fã ketewaa a ɛwɔ ase no boa ma wotumi hu ade a ɛbɛn.
• Trifocals: Eyinom wɔ ahwehwɛ abiɛsa: biako ma wohu ade a ɛbɛn, biako ma wohu ade wɔ mfinimfini (bɛyɛ anammɔn abiɛsa a ɛwɔ akyirikyiri), ne biako ma wohu akyirikyiri.
• Nkɔso: Eyinom yɛ multifocal lenses, te sɛ bifocals. Nanso, nsakrae a ɛba fi nnuru a wɔkyerɛw ma obi so kɔ foforo so no yɛ nkakrankakra. Nnipa pii paw wɔn a wɔpɛ nkɔso efisɛ wɔn ani nnye nkyerɛwde a ɛwɔ wɔn ahwehwɛ mu no ho.
• Office progressives: Wɔayɛ saa ahwehwɛ yi sɛ wɔmfa nyɛ adwuma a ɛbɛn wɔ office. Ɛno kyerɛ sɛ wobɛyɛ adwuma wɔ kɔmputa so, akyerɛw, ne nea ɛkeka ho Sɛ wosɔre fi wo pon so a, ɛsɛ sɛ wuyi wɔn na woahu akyirikyiri.

Ahwehwɛ a Wɔde Di Dwuma

Ahwehwɛ ahorow pii wɔ hɔ a ebetumi aboa wo ma woahu ade yiye sɛ wowɔ presbyopia a. Paw ahwehwɛ ko a ɛboa ma wuhu ade yiye:

• Bifocal contact lenses: Nokware ``bifocal`` lens boa wɔ focal points abien, mpɛn pii no ɛbɛn ne akyirikyiri. Wɔba wɔ ``soft`` anaa ``gas-permeable`` ahorow mu.
• Ahwehwɛ a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma pii:``Multifocal`` lenses te sɛ ``Bifocal`` lenses, na wɔtaa de edin abien no di dwuma de sesa wɔn ho wɔn ho. Nanso, ``Multifocal`` lens betumi ayɛ nea ɛboro focal points abien, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ mfinimfini beae bi a ɛwɔ akyirikyiri bɛyɛ anammɔn abiɛsa. Eyinom nso wɔ ahorow a ɛyɛ mmerɛw na ɛyɛ den.
• Monovision contact lenses: Wɔ ``Monovision'' lens set mu no, lens a ɛwɔ aniwa biako mu no boa wo ma wuhu akyirikyiri, bere a lens a ɛwɔ aniwa foforo no mu no boa wo ma wuhu baabi a ɛbɛn. W’amemene no de nkakrankakra bɛyɛ nsakrae wɔ nhyehyɛe yi mu, nanso ebia ebegye bɛyɛ adapɛn abien ansa na wo ho atɔ wo wɔ ho.
• Modified monovision contact lenses: Wɔ saa kwan yi so no, wohyɛ lens a ɛma wotumi hu ade a ɛbɛn anaa akyirikyiri wɔ aniwa biako mu, ne ``multifocal'' lens ma akyirikyiri nyinaa wɔ aniwa foforo no mu.

Oprehyɛn a wɔyɛ

Ansa na wubesi gyinae sɛ wobɛyɛ oprehyɛn no, wo ne wo duruyɛfo nka w’ani akwahosan, w’abusua aduruyɛ ho abakɔsɛm, ne w’asetra kwan ho asɛm. Wɔ wɔn a wɔde `(Akenkanfo)` nkutoo di dwuma no fam no, asiane ahorow a ɛwɔ oprehyɛn mu no betumi aboro mfaso a ɛwɔ so no so.

Saa laser akwan abiɛsa yi de monovision kwan no siesie presbyopia (ani biako wɔ akyirikyiri, aniwa foforo no bɛn):

• LASIK oprehyɛn: ``Laser in-situ keratomileusis / LASIK'' yɛ oprehyɛn a agye din a wɔde siesie anisoadehu wɔ nnipa a wotumi hu ade yiye (Myopia), wohu akyirikyiri (Hyperopia), anaasɛ astigmatism mu.
• PRK Oprehyɛn: Sɛ wowɔ sɛnea wutumi hu ade yiye (Myopia), wohu ade akyirikyiri (Hyperopia) ne/anaasɛ w’aniwa yɛ mmerɛw a, ebia Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) oprehyɛn bɛyɛ ɔkwan pa a wobɛfa so.
• SMILE oprehyɛn: Wɔ `(Small-incision lenticule extraction / SMILE)` oprehyɛn mu no, oprehyɛn no de laser hann a ɛyɛ fɛ yiye di dwuma de yɛ ntini bi a ɛte sɛ disk wɔ w’aniwa mu na woyi fa ntwitwiridii ketewaa bi mu.

Aniwa mu nnuru a wɔde sa presbyopia

Aniwa mu aduru yɛ ade pa a nnipa binom a wɔwɔ presbyopia betumi afa so. Aniwa mu nsu a pilocarpine wom (te sɛ Vuity®) ma w’aniwa no so tew , na ɛma w’adwene mu dɔ yɛ kɛse na ɛma w’aniwa a ɛbɛn wo no tu mpɔn. Eyinom ne aniwa aduru a edi kan a U.S. Aduan ne Nnuru Dwumadibea (FDA) apene so ama presbyopia. Nneɛma bɔne a ɛtaa ba ne kɔkɔɔ ne tiyɛ. Ebia ɛbɛyɛ den ama wo nso sɛ wubehu ade anadwo.

Nhwehwɛmu ahorow bi ahu abusuabɔ bi a ɛda aniwa mu nnuru yi a wɔde di dwuma ne retina a ɛtwetwe ntam. Sɛ woanya saa tebea yi pɛn, anaasɛ wowɔ asiane ahorow a ɛde ba a, wo ne wo duruyɛfo nkasa mfa nkyerɛ sɛ ebia saa ayaresa yi fata wo ne asiane ahorow a ɛwom.

Sɛ wowɔ presbyopia a, dɛn na wobɛhwɛ kwan?

Wo ne w’ani duruyɛfo nka wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne ne sɛnea ɛka wo da biara da asetra ho asɛm. Obetumi aboa wo ma woanya ayaresa a eye sen biara ama wo. Ebia ɛho behia sɛ wosɔ akwan horow pii hwɛ kosi sɛ wubenya bi a ɛfata w’ahiade ne w’asetra kwan yiye.

So yebetumi asiw Presbyopia ano?

Nea ɛyɛ awerɛhow no, presbyopia yɛ onyin fã a efi awosu mu, enti wontumi nsiw ano koraa. Sɛnea yɛrentumi nnyae onyin no, saa ara na nneɛma bi wɔ hɔ a wubetumi ayɛ de abɔ w’ani akwahosan ho ban. Afotu bi ni:

• Hyɛ ahwehwɛ a wɔde bɔ w’ani ho ban fi UV mframa a epira ho.
• Di nnuan a ahoɔdennuru a eye ma aniwa akwahosan wom, titiriw nnuan a vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, ne lutein wom.
• Hu kɔmputa so anisoadehu ho yare na yɛ nsakrae wɔ wo da biara da dwumadi mu na ama aniwa a ɛyɛ den no so atew.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mehwehwɛ aduruyɛ mu afotu?

Sɛ wowɔ presbyopia ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow, anaasɛ wowɔ ɔhaw foforo biara wɔ w’ani so a, hwɛ hu sɛ wobɛkɔ aniwa ho oduruyɛfo nkyɛn. Anisoadehu a ɛyɛ kusuu betumi ayɛ tebea afoforo pii ho sɛnkyerɛnne. Enti, ɛho hia paa sɛ wobɛma oduruyɛfo titiriw bi ahwɛ w’ani mu na ama woahu nea ɛde ba ankasa.

Sɛ wunnya yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne biara mpo a, ɛyɛ papa sɛ wobɛhwɛ w’ani ne w’aniwa daa. Mpɛn pii no, mpɛn dodow a ɛsɛ sɛ wohwɛ w’ani no gyina mfe a woadi, w’ani akwahosan, ne ayaresa tebea biara a ɛhyɛ wo ase a ebia wowɔ so. Mpanyimfo dodow no ara hia aniwa mu nhwehwɛmu afe anaa abien biara. Bisa w’ani duruyɛfo sɛ ntamgyinafo bɛn na ɛfata ma wo.

Nsonsonoe bɛn na ɛda (Presbyopia) ne (Hyperopia) (akyirikyiri) ntam?

Presbyopia ne hyperopia nyinaa yɛ mfomso a ɛma nneɛma a ɛbɛn no yɛ te sɛ nea ɛyɛ kusuu. Ɛne sɛ, mfomso ahorow a ɛba wɔ hann a wɔde si biribi so no mu. Nanso, ɛsono nea ɛde abien yi ba titiriw.

• Presbyopia ba efisɛ w’aniwa ahwehwɛ no hwere sɛnea ɛyɛ mmerɛw.
• Hyperopia ba efisɛ w’aniwa no sua dodo, anaasɛ w’aniwa a ɛyɛ tratraa dodo.

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, ɛyɛ den sɛ wubehu abien no nyinaa, esiane nneɛma abien nti.

So Presbyopia ne Myopia betumi abom aba?

Yiw, akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ ebetumi aba. Na ɛtaa ba paa. Myopia yɛ tebea a w’ani fi awosu mu de n’ani si biribi so dodo. Enti, bere a nneɛma a ɛbɛn ho da adi pefee no, nneɛma a ɛwɔ akyirikyiri te sɛ nea ɛyɛ kusuu.

Nanso, sɛ wowɔ Myopia na woadi boro mfe 40 a, ebia wubefi ase ate Presbyopia nkɛntɛnso nka bere mpo a wohyɛ ahwehwɛ anaa ahwehwɛ a wɔde hwɛ ade no. Mma ɛnhaw wo, w’ani duruyɛfo betumi ayɛ nsakrae wɔ w’aniwa aduru a wɔkyerɛw ma wo no mu ma ɛne Presbyopia ne Myopia nyinaa ahyia.

Presbyopia yɛ onyin fã a ɛfata. Nanso ɛno nkyerɛ sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wotwɛn kosi sɛ ɛbɛka wo da biara da dwumadi ahorow. Sɛ w’ani nhu ade yiye anaasɛ w’ani nyɛ wo yaw foforo a, kɔ aniwa ho oduruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm ara. Presbyopia nyɛ yare, nanso ne sɛnkyerɛnne betumi ayɛ te sɛ tebea horow a emu yɛ den a ehia sɛ wɔsa no ntɛm ara. Wo duruyɛfo no betumi ahu ɔhaw no na wama wo ayaresa a wuhia.

Nneɛma a ɛho hia sen biara a ɛsɛ sɛ wokae (Take-Home Message) .

Okay, enti momma yɛnsan nsusuw nneɛma a ɛho hia sen biara a ɛsɛ sɛ wokae fi nea yɛaka ho asɛm no mu:

• Presbyopia yɛ aniwa a ɛbɛn a ɛyera bere a yɛadi mfe 40. Eyi nyɛ yare, na mmom efi aniwa no aniwa no a ɛnyɛ nea ɛyɛ mmerɛw bere a yɛrenyin no.
• Ebia sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no bi ne sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wokura atesɛm krataa anaa nhoma bi wɔ akyirikyiri, hann pii a ehia, ne ti a ɛyɛ wo yaw.
• Eyi abu so yiye. Ɛnyɛ wo nko ara, nnipa pii wɔ wiase wɔ eyi.
• Ade a eye sen biara ne sɛ eyi ano aduru a ɛnyɛ den wɔ hɔ. Wobetumi de ahwehwɛ, ahwehwɛ a wɔde hwɛ ade, ne ebia oprehyɛn anaa aniwa mu aduru adi tebea no so.
• Sɛ wowɔ saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi a, akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ kɔ aniwa ho oduruyɛfo nkyɛn. Wɔbɛpaw ano aduru a ɛfata ama wo.
• Hwɛ w’ani so yiye. Didi yiye, hyɛ awia ahwehwɛ, na kɔhwɛ w’ani daa.

Enti, mewɔ anidaso sɛ seesei woanya ntease pa wɔ (Presbyopia) ho. Wubetumi agye eyi atom sɛ w’asetra fã, ayɛ ahwɛyiye a ɛho hia, na woatoa w’adwuma no so ahotɔ mu!

` Presbyopia, aniwa a ɛbɛn, presbyopia, aniwa ahwehwɛ, aniwa a wɔde hwɛ ade, aniwa akwahosan, aniwa a enhu ade yiye