So wunim wo nipadua "nkate a ɛto so asia" no ho asɛm? (Proprioception) Momma yɛnka eyi ho asɛm!

So woasusuw sɛnea yehu baabi pɔtee a yɛn nsa ne yɛn anan wɔ, bere a yɛabu yɛn ani mpo no ho pɛn? Anaasɛ yɛbɛyɛ dɛn atumi anantew sum mu a yɛrenhyia biribiara? Tumi a ɛyɛ nwonwa a yɛrebɛka ho asɛm nnɛ no, wɔfrɛ no ‘Proprioception.’ Ɛte sɛ ‘sensor’ nhyehyɛe bi a ɛwɔ yɛn ankasa nipadua mu.

Dɛn ne "Proprioception"?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, proprioception yɛ wo nipadua no awosu mu nkate a ɛfa n’ankasa gyinabea ne ne kankyee ho. Ɛyɛ biribi a ɛba ara kwa, ɛnyɛ biribi a yesusuw ho. Ɛyɛ nea ɛma w’amemene no hu baabi a wo nipadua wɔ ne sɛnea wo nsa ne anan no si, bere mpo a wonhwɛ no. Ɛho hia nso ma yɛn kari pɛ.

Afei asɛmfua foforo bi wɔ hɔ a ɛfa eyi ho, na ɛno ne ‘kinesthesia.’ ‘Kinesthesia’ yɛ tumi a yɛde ka ‘proprioception’ ne nneɛma afoforo bom de yɛ kankyee wɔ yɛn nipadua mu na yɛde yɛ nipadua mu nimdeɛ ahorow. ‘Kinesthesia’ yɛ suban mu adeyɛ. Ɛne sɛ, ɛboa yɛn nipadua ma ehu kankyee pɔtee bi na esua sɛnea yɛbɛyɛ saa kankyee no yiye.

Susuw ho hwɛ, nnwuma a ɛnyɛ den te sɛ krataa a wɔtow gu nwura mu anaasɛ wɔde nsenia adidi mpo hwehwɛ sɛ wɔde proprioception ne kinesthesia nyinaa di dwuma. Ɛnyɛ ɛno nko, na mmom ahokokwaw a ɛyɛ den te sɛ backflip a wobɛyɛ wɔ balance beam so mpo hwehwɛ abien no nyinaa. Nokwarem no, sɛ ɛnyɛ saa nkate mu osuahu ahorow a emu yɛ den yi a, anka yɛn asetra bɛyɛ soronko koraa.

Proprioception ho nhwɛso ahorow wɔ da biara da asetra mu

Afei momma yɛnhwɛ sɛnea ‘proprioception’ ne ‘kinesthesia’ yɛ adwuma wɔ da biara da asetra mu no ho nhwɛso kakraa bi.

Nneɛma a ɛba ara kwa (Automatic Proprioception):

• Fa no sɛ wonam ɔkwan bi a abotan ayɛ so, wɔ asase a ɛnyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ a abotan akɛse wɔ so. Wo nipadua, wo nan, ne wo nan ase resakra wɔn ntini mu nhyɛso, na ɛboa wo ma wokari pɛ na wonantew a wunhintiw. Eyi si a wunhu mpo.
• Sɛ wobɔ wo hwene a, w’amemene ne wo nipadua nim sɛ ɛbɛma wo nsa ne wo nsateaa abɛn wo hwene. Ɛho nhia mpo sɛ wobɛhwɛ wo nsa anaa wobɛhwɛ wo hwene wɔ ahwehwɛ mu.
• Sɛ worema biribi a emu yɛ duru so a, wo nipadua no nim ahoɔden dodow a ehia na ama woatumi akura mu, ne sɛnea ɛbɛkari pɛ wɔ wo nipadua nyinaa mu.

Nneɛma a ɛnam suban ne adesua so si (‘Kinesthesia’ - Learned Movements):

Ɛtɔ mmere bi a yɛfrɛ eyi ‘ntini mu nkae.’ Saa nneɛma yi hwehwɛ sɛ wɔde adwempa bɔ mmɔden kakra na wɔde di dwuma.

• Sɛ woresua sakre a wobɛka a, ɛsɛ sɛ wunya nimdeɛ ahorow a ɛbɛma woatumi ayɛ biako (te sɛ sakre a wobɛbɔ ne stia) na woakari pɛ.
• Piano sankubɔfo a ne ho akokwaw betumi abɔ dwom denam wɔn nsateaa a wɔde bɛkanyan wɔn pɛpɛɛpɛ a wɔnhwɛ safe no so.
• Bɔɔlbɔfo sua sɛnea wobedi bɔɔl no so na wɔabɔ no denam ntini pɔtee bi ne ahoɔden pɔtee bi a wɔde di dwuma wɔ wɔn nan ne wɔn nan ase no so.
• Bowlers sua sɛnea wɔkyere, tow, na wɔkyinkyin bowling bɔɔl no, ne sɛnea wɔbɔ pin nhyehyɛe ahorow gu fam.
• Obi a ne ho akokwaw wɔ apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ mu nim baabi pɔtee a wɔwɔ bere a wɔyɛ tumbling anaa spinning wɔ wim no na wotumi si fam yiye.

Nipadua nhyehyɛe bɛn na ɛka "proprioception" ho?

Proprioception yɛ adeyɛ a ɛyɛ den yiye, na ɛba a wunhu mpo. Wo nipadua no afã horow pii wɔ eyi mu:

• W’amemene: W’amemene no afã horow pii bom yɛ adwuma de di saa nkate mu nsɛm yi ho dwuma. Ne titiriw no, amemene no mu ntini , amemene no ntini, ne nkate mu ntini . Ɔkwan a wofa so te wo nipadua no gyinabea nka ne sɛnea w’amemene no kyerɛ saa nsɛm no ase na ɛyɛ ho adwuma.
• Peripheral Mechanoreceptors: Saa mechanoreceptors yi wɔ wo honam ani, ntini, ntini, ntini, ne wo nnompe ne wo nkwaa ho. Wotumi hu nneɛma ahorow a ɛkanyan wɔn, a nea ɛka ho ne nsa a wɔde ka, nhyɛso, twe, wosow, ne kankyee. Wɔte tumi a ɛyɛ adwuma wɔ wo nipadua so no nka na wɔde saa nsɛm no kɔ w’amemene mu.
• Peripheral Vestibular System: Nkate akwaa anum na ɛwɔ w’aso mu. Eyinom te nsɛm a ɛfa wo gyinabea, wo gyinabea, ne wo kankyee ho a wuhia na ama woakari pɛ no nka. Wɔde saa nsɛm yi nso kɔ amemene no mu.
• Aniwa: Ɛdenam w’ani so no, w’ani so de nsɛm a ɛfa wo gyinabea ne nneɛma a atwa wo ho ahyia ho kɔ w’amemene mu. Nanso, proprioception betumi ayɛ adwuma yiye bere a wonhu ade mpo. Sɛ nhwɛso no, obi a ɔwɔ proprioception pa betumi de ne nsateaa akɔ ne hwene mu pɛɛ bere a n’ani akata mpo.

Dɛn ne sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛkyerɛ sɛ obi ntumi nhu ade yiye?

Wiɛ, afei momma yɛnhwɛ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛbɛda adi sɛ saa tumi a wɔfrɛ no ‘proprioception’ yi yɛ mmerɛw, anaasɛ sɛ ɔhaw bi wɔ ho a.

• Nsɛm a ɛfa kari pɛ ho: Eyi betumi ama obi ahwe ase mpɛn pii, na ama ayɛ den sɛ obegyina hɔ anaasɛ ɔbɛnantew yiye.
• Ahwɛyiye/Ahwɛyiye:Nneɛma te sɛ nneɛma a atwa wo ho ahyia a wobɛtaa abɔ anaasɛ mfomso a wubedi bere a worebɔ mmɔden sɛ wode wo nsa bɛka biribi ho no betumi aba.
• Adwene a ɛyɛ wo yaw: Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, wubetumi ate nka sɛ wo ho ayɛ wo yaw.
• Nsɛm a ɛfa ahunmu nimdeɛ ho: Nneɛma te sɛ baabi a wowɔ ne baabi a wowɔ akyirikyiri wɔ nneɛma a atwa wo ho ahyia ho nimdeɛ a ɛso tew.
• Kankyee a ɛnkɔ so: Sɛ wɔkeka akwaa no a, ɛkanyan basabasa, a abusuabɔ biara nni wɔn ho wɔn ho ntam.
• Ahoɔden dodow a wɔde di dwuma wɔ adeyɛ bi mu no so tew anaasɛ ɛkɔ soro: Sɛ nhwɛso no, sɛ wɔrekyerɛw a, wɔmia kyerɛwdua no denneennen, anaasɛ wɔkyerɛw no brɛoo paa na wɔyɛ no brɛoo.
• Nneyɛe a ɛba fam anaa nea ɛboro so: Sɛ woteɛ wo nsa sɛ wobɛfa biribi a, wo nsa tu ansa na woayɛ ade no anaa akyi.

Saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi betumi aka obiara a wadi mfe biara. Nanso, bere a yɛrenyin no, yɛn nkwaa, ntini, ntini, ne amemene no yɛ mmerɛw fi awosu mu, na ɛma asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ yebehyia ɔhaw ahorow a ɛfa proprioception ho no yɛ kɛse.

Tebea bɛn na ɛka proprioception?

Opira ahorow, ayaresa tebea horow, ne tebea horow wɔ hɔ a ebetumi aka ‘proprioception’ ho adwene yi. Momma yɛnhwɛ emu kakraa bi:

• Nsa a obi bow: Sɛ woabow nsa a, wuntumi nni wo nipadua so, ɛnte saa? Ɛno yɛ eyi ho nhwɛso foforo.
• Ataxia: Eyi yɛ tebea a wontumi nkɔ so nyɛ adwuma wɔ kankyee mu.
• Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) a Ɛyɛ Fɛ (ASD) .
• Nkwaa mu opira anaa nyarewa: Sɛ nhwɛso no, nkwaa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw, nyarewa te sɛ ntini mu yare, ne nkwaa a ɛma obi tumi keka ne ho dodo.
• Nkwaa a wɔde besi ananmu (Arthroplasty): Bere a wɔde nneɛma te sɛ asen anaa kotodwe si ananmu.
• Twitwa: Bere a nsa anaa nan bi yera, te sɛ akwanhyia mu.
• Ntini mu yare: Sɛ nhwɛso no, akisikuru (MS), Parkinson yare, ne Huntington yare.
• Ntini mu ntini tebea horow: Sɛ nhwɛso no, ‘Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis’ (ALS), ‘Ntini mu Dystrophy’.
• Peripheral Neuropathy: Ntini a ɛwɔ akyi no sɛe.
• Nkate mu Nneɛma a Wɔde Di Dwuma Ho Nsɛnnennen: Sɛ nhwɛso no, ‘Dyspraxia’, ‘Postural Disorder’, ‘Nkate mu Mmuae a Ɛnyɛ Nea Wɔyɛ’ (SUR).
• Amemene mu Apirakuru a Ɛyɛ Hu (TBIs) ne Akisikuru.
• Vestibular mu nyarewa:Sɛ nhwɛso no, ‘Vertigo’ ne ‘Ménière yare’.

Saa tebea horow yi betumi de ɔhaw ahorow a ɛfa proprioception ho a ebetumi ayɛ bere tiaa mu anaasɛ enni sabea aba .

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔsɔ "Proprioception" hwɛ?

Nnuruyɛfo ne agumadi mu ayaresa ho animdefo de sɔhwɛ ahorow pii di dwuma de susuw ‘proprioception’ tumi yi afã horow ho. Momma yɛnhwɛ emu kakraa bi:

• Romberg sɔhwɛ: Eyi yɛ nipadua mu sɔhwɛ a ɛyɛ mmerɛw yiye. Ɛboa ma wuhu sɛ ebia akyi berɛmo kwan a ɛwɔ w’amemene ne w’akyi berɛmo mu a ɛhwɛ proprioception so no reyɛ adwuma yiye anaa. Wɔ sɔhwɛ yi mu no, wɔka kyerɛ wo sɛ gyina hɔ a wo nan bom na wo nsa sɛn fam wɔ w’afã anaasɛ wobobɔw wo moma so. Wɔyɛ sɔhwɛ no fã biako a w’ani abue, na wɔyɛ ɔfã a ɛto so abien no a w’ani abɔ. Oduruyɛfo no bɛhwɛ wo na wahwɛ sɛnea wobɛkari pɛ te sɛ wosow.
• Heel-to-toe test / Tandem gait: Wɔ sɔhwɛ yi mu no, oduruyɛfo no ka kyerɛ wo sɛ nantew tẽẽ a w’akyi nan nansoaa nka w’anim nan no nan ase bere a woretu anammɔn biako no. Ɛte sɛ nea wonam hama a ɛyɛ den so.
• Heel-to-shin sɔhwɛ: Wɔ sɔhwɛ yi mu no, wode nan biako nan ase si nan foforo no nan ase, afei wode asen no sian kɔ nan no so wɔ ɔkwan tẽẽ so.
• Nsateaa mu nhwehwɛmu: Oduruyɛfo no bɛka akyerɛ wo sɛ teɛ wo nsa na fa wo nsateaa, afei fa wo nsa/nsateaa koro no ara ka wo hwene. Ebia ebehia sɛ woyɛ eyi mpɛn pii.

Apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ ho animdefo ne agumadi ho animdefo betumi de nnwinnade titiriw adi dwuma de asusuw nkwaa pɔtee bi ‘proprioception’ ho. Sɔhwɛ ahorow yi bi ne:

• ‘Aboboano a wɔde hu kankyee a ɛnyɛ adwuma’ (TTDPM) .
• ‘Joint position reproduction’ (JPR) , a wɔsan frɛ no ‘Joint position matching’ .
• ‘Nyiyim a wɔyɛ wɔ kankyee mu nyiyim ho nhwehwɛmu’ (AMEDA) .

So apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ bi wɔ hɔ a ebetumi ama proprioception atu mpɔn?

Ebia woyɛ ogumadifo a worehwehwɛ sɛ wubesiw opira ano anaasɛ wobɛma w’ahokokwaw ahorow bi atu mpɔn. Anaasɛ ebia wowɔ aduruyɛ mu tebea bi a ɛka wo nkate a ɛma wohu ade yiye. Wɔ eyinom mu biara fam no, nipadua mu ayaresa ho animdefo betumi de apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ pɔtee bi ama na ama saa nkate yi atu mpɔn.

Proprioception fa nipadua nhyehyɛe pii ho. Nokwarem no, nnompe mu ntini ne nkwaa biara a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu no boa ma ɛba saa. Enti, apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ a ɛma proprioception tu mpɔn no de wɔn ani si nkwaa ne ntini pɔtee bi so. Wɔboa nso ma wo kari pɛ. Sɛ nhwɛso no, sɛ wogyina nan biako so (a wo nan biako kari pɛ), anaasɛ wo nantew tẽẽ (te sɛ nea wode kari pɛ so).

Nanso, ebia nipadua mu ayaresa rentumi mmoa proprioception haw ahorow bi. Sɛ nhwɛso no, sɛ w’amemene asɛe daa a. Sɛ proprioception haw ahorow reka wo da biara da dwumadi ahorow a, adwuma ho ɔyaresafo betumi aboa wo ma woanya akwan foforo a wobɛfa so ayɛ saa dwumadi ahorow no.

Nea etwa to no, nneɛma a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛkae

Sɛ yesusuw yɛn nkatede ho a, yɛtaa dwen nkatede anum no nkutoo ho: adehu, hua, aso, nsa a yɛde ka, ne dɛ, ɛnte saa? Nanso ‘proprioception’ nso yɛ ntease a ɛho hia yiye a ɛma asetra yɛ mmerɛw na ɛyɛ anigye. Ɛte sɛ yɛn nkate a ɛto so asia.

Sɛ yɛannya proprioception a etu mpɔn a, anka yɛrentumi nyɛ nneɛma te sɛ yɛn hwene a yɛbɛtwetwe anaasɛ yɛbɛtra sakre so ntɛm.

Tebea horow ne opira pii betumi aka saa ntease a ɛho hia yi bere tiaa bi anaasɛ daa. Sɛ wuhu nsakrae bi wɔ wo kari pɛ anaa ɔkwan a wofa so yɛ apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ mu a, hwɛ hu sɛ wobɛkɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn asusuw ho. Wobetumi ayɛ nhwehwɛmu kakraa bi a ɛnyɛ den de ahwɛ wo proprioception. Kae sɛ, dodow a wohu no ntɛm no, dodow no ara na ɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ wɔbɛsa!

` Proprioception, kinesthesia, kari pɛ, nipadua mu nkate, nkate a ɛto so asia, ntini nhyehyɛe, kankyee nhyehyɛe