Anisoadehu a ɛyɛ kusuu? Momma yɛnka refractive errors ho asɛm!

So ɛtɔ mmere bi a ɛyɛ den ma wo sɛ wubehu nneɛma a ɛbɛn anaa akyirikyiri? Sɛ wokenkan nhoma bi a, nkyerɛwde no mu yɛ kusuu? Anaasɛ sɛ wonam abɔnten a, wuntumi nhu nɔma a ɛwɔ bɔs no mu? Eyinom yɛ ɔhaw ahorow a nnipa pii wɔ ankasa. Ɛnnɛ, yɛrebɛka saa aniwa a ɛhwɛ ade yiye yi ho asɛm, anaasɛ sɛnea nnuruyɛfo frɛ no, `(Refractive Errors)`.

Dɛn ne mfomso a ɛwɔ refractive?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, refractive error yɛ nsakrae a ɛba w’ani no abɔde mu a ɛma w’aniwa yɛ mmerɛw. Eyinom ne anisoadehu ho haw a ɛtaa ba a nnipa pii hyia.

Susuw ho hwɛ, yɛn ani yɛ adwuma te sɛ kuw. Sɛ hann hyɛn aniwa no mu a, ɛnam ɔfã biara mu kosi sɛ ebedu amemene no mu.

1. Hann di kan fa aniwa no fã a emu da hɔ, aniwa no mu .

2. Eyi ne aniwa no fã a ɛma hann kɔ baabiara na ɛde fa aniwa a ɛwɔ aniwa no mu no mu.

3. Afei hann yi hwe ase sɛ sɛnkyerɛnne wɔ ade a ɛwɔ aniwa no akyi, retina .

4. Retina no dan hann yi ma ɛbɛyɛ anyinam ahoɔden nsɛnkyerɛnne na ɛde fa aniwa ntini no so kɔ amemene no mu .

5. Awiei koraa no, ɛyɛ amemene no na ɛde saa nsɛnkyerɛnne yi di dwuma de yɛ mfonini ahorow a yehu no.

Afei, egyina refractive error ko a wowɔ so no, nneɛma a wuhu no ntumi nkɔ so yiye esiane nsakrae a ɛba w’aniwa, w’aniwa, anaa w’aniwa ahwehwɛ no nsusuwii mu nti. Eyi ne nea ɛma w’aniwa yɛ kyinkyim na ɛyɛ kusuu.

Saa anisoadehu ho haw yi ahorow pii wɔ hɔ. Ebinom ma ɛyɛ den ma wo sɛ wubehu nneɛma abɛn. Afoforo nso ma nneɛma a ɛwɔ akyirikyiri no yɛ nea wontumi nhu. Nanso ɛmfa ho ɔhaw ko a wowɔ no, aniwa ho ɔbenfo betumi ahu na wasa. Wɔbɛhwehwɛ w’ani ne w’ani a wuhu ade mu na wɔakyerɛw ayaresa a ɛsɛ sɛ wuhu no yiye bio.

Mpɛn pii no, saa anisoadehu mu haw ahorow yi nyin bere a yenyin na yenyin no. Ɔhaw pii di kan ba mmofra nkumaa so. Nanso, wubetumi anya saa ɔhaw ahorow yi bere biara wɔ w’asetra mu, sɛ mpo na woanya anisoadehu pa kan no a.

Kɔ aniwa ho ɔbenfo nkyɛn bere a wuhu nsakrae biara anaasɛ w’ani a ɛyɛ hu ara pɛ. Sɛ wohyɛ ahwehwɛ anaa ahwehwɛ a wɔde hwɛ aniwa dedaw mpo a, ɛho hia sɛ wohwɛ w’ani daa.

Mfomso ahorow bɛn na ɛwɔ refractive errors mu?

Aniwa so haw ahorow anan na ɛtaa ba:

1. Myopia - a wohu ade a ɛbɛn no ye

Nnipa a wotumi hu nneɛma a ɛbɛn, anaa ``Myopia'' , ntumi nhu nneɛma a ɛwɔ akyirikyiri yiye, nanso wotumi hu nneɛma a ɛbɛn wɔn ho pefee.Sɛ nhwɛsoɔ no, sɛ wowɔ `(Myopia)` a, ebia worentumi nhunu din nsɛnkyerɛnneɛ a ɛwɔ kwan no nkyɛn no pefee, na ɛbɛda adi berɛ a wobɛn wo kar no anaa berɛ a ɛwɔ wo mfɛnsere akyi pɛɛ. Susuw ho hwɛ, mmofra binom ka sɛ wontumi nhu nea wɔakyerɛw wɔ kyerɛwpon so wɔ sukuu mu, nanso wotumi kenkan nea wɔakyerɛw wɔ nhoma no mu no yiye. Ebia eyi fi `(Myopia)`.

Myopia taa ba bere a w’ani ware dodo fi anim kosi akyi no. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, sɛ w’aniwa anaa w’aniwa ahwehwɛ no kurukuruwa dodo a, ɛma wotumi hu ade yiye nso.

Myopia taa ba mmofra a wɔadi bɛyɛ mfe 10 so.

2. Nhumu a ɛbɛn (Hyperopia) - Akyirikyiri anisoadehu ye

Nneɛma a ɛbɛn wo, anaa `(Hyperopia),` ma ɛyɛ den sɛ wubehu nneɛma a ɛbɛn wo pefee. Eyi ne `(Myopia) bɔ abira.` Sɛ wowɔ `(Hyperopia),` a wubetumi ahu nneɛma a ɛwɔ TV no so wɔ dan no atifi pefee, nanso wowɔ ɔhaw wɔ nsɛm a wɔrekyerɛw wɔ laptop a ɛwɔ w'anim no akenkan mu. Nnipa binom hu sɛ sɛ wɔbɔ mmɔden sɛ wɔbɛkenkan atesɛm krataa anaa nhoma bi a, nsɛm no mu yɛ kusuu na ɛsɛ sɛ wokura mu na ama wɔafi akyirikyiri ahwɛ.

Hyperopia ba bere a w’ani tenten so tew fi anim kɔ akyi no. Ade foforo a ɛde ba ne bere a w’aniwa anaa w’aniwa ahwehwɛ no yɛ tratraa dodo (i.e., ɛnyɛ nea ɛkɔ akyiri yiye).

Mpɛn pii no, wɔwo nnipa a wɔwɔ hyperopia a wɔwɔ bi.

3. Presbyopia (nearsightedness) a ɛba bere a obi nyin no

Presbyopia, anaasɛ obi a otumi hu ade a ɛbɛn no yɛ tebea a ɛba bere a obi nyin no. Te sɛ hyperopia no, presbyopia ma ɛyɛ den sɛ wobehu nneɛma abɛn. Mpɛn pii no, eyi nti na ɛsɛ sɛ yɛhyɛ ahwehwɛ a wɔde kenkan ade bere a yɛrenyin no. Eyi nti na yɛn maamenom, yɛn agyanom, ne yɛn nananom de ahwehwɛ twitwiw ade mu na wɔkenkan atesɛm nkrataa no.

Presbyopia ba bere a w’aniwa ahwehwɛ no ntumi nyɛ mmerɛw na entumi mfa n’adwene nsi biribi so yiye sɛnea na ɛte kan no. Ɛtaa ba nnipa a wɔadi boro mfe 40 so.

4. Astigmatism a ɛma obi hwɛ ade

Astigmatism betumi ama obi nhu ade yiye wɔ akyirikyiri biara. Mpɛn pii no, yɛn aniwa yɛ kurukuruwa, ɛnte saa? Nanso sɛ wowɔ astigmatism a, w’ani no te sɛ rugby bɔɔl, anaasɛ nsenia akyi. Eyi ma hann a ɛhyɛn w’aniwa mu no kotow na ɛkyinkyim dodo. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ ebetumi de n’adwene asi mmeae pii sen sɛ ɛde n’adwene besi baabi biako.

Astigmatism betumi aba bere biara wɔ asetra mu. Wɔde awo nnipa binom. Wɔ afoforo fam no, ɛkɔ so akyiri yi wɔ wɔn asetra mu.

Dɛn ne refractive error ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow?

Aniwa mu nyarewa nyinaa betumi asɛe w’ani so. Wɔ sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ den sɛ wubehu ade yiye akyi no, ebia wubehu sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow te sɛ:

• Nneɛma a ɛbɛn, akyirikyiri, anaa n’abien nyinaa a wohu no yiye.
• Anisoadehu abien (`Diplopia`).
• Tipaeɛ.
• N’ani a wɔde hwɛ ade. Sɛ wobɔ w’ani anaasɛ wobɔ w’ani bere nyinaa a, ɛno yɛ sɛnkyerɛnne.
• Aniwa a ɛyɛ den.
• Aniwa mu yaw.

Ɛtɔ da bi a, ebia mmofra nkumaa renhu sɛ wɔn anisoadehu reyɛ huammɔ. Sɛ ɛyɛ den ma wo ba sɛ ɔde n’adwene besi ade biako so bere tenten, anaasɛ ne abasobɔde so tew mpofirim a, ebia obenya anisoadehu ho haw. Sɛ wuhu nsakrae bi wɔ wo ba no ani, n’ani so, anaa ne nneyɛe mu a, kɔ mmofra oduruyɛfo anaa aniwa ho oduruyɛfo nkyɛn.

Dɛn na ɛde saa mfomso ahorow a ɛba wɔ refractive yi mu ba?

Aniwa mu haw ahorow betumi afi nsakrae a ɛba w’aniwa ani hwɛbea, w’aniwa hwɛbea, anaa w’aniwa nyinaa nsusuwii mu. Ɔhaw ko a wowɔ no gyina sɛnea w’ani ayɛ so.

Eyinom nso betumi aba bere a worenyin no. Bere a w’aniwa nyin no, ebia wubenya aniwa mu haw foforo a na enni hɔ bere a na woyɛ abofra no.

Ebia nnipa binom benya anisoadehu mu haw bere a wɔayɛ wɔn ani a ɛyɛ mmerɛw oprehyɛn mpo akyi.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wobetumi ahu mfomso ahorow a ɛwɔ refractive?

An ophthalmologist diagnoses vision problems through an eye exam . Wɔbɛhwɛ w’ani (a emu ka ho). Wɔbɛma wo nso ahwɛ sɛnea wotumi hu ade yiye . Eyi betumi aboa ma woahu anisoadehu ho haw ko a wowɔ ne sɛnea ɛrenya w’ani so nkɛntɛnso kɛse.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wodi mfomso a ɛba wɔ refractive mu no ho dwuma?

Ayaresa a wɔde sa aniwa mu haw ahorow ne:

• Aniwa ahwehwɛ.
• Ahwehwɛ a wɔde hwɛ ade.
• Oprehyɛn a wɔde siesie aniwa - sɛ nhwɛso no, oprehyɛn te sɛ LASIK ne Photorefractive Keratectomy (PRK).

Mpɛn pii no, w’ani duruyɛfo bɛkyerɛw ahwehwɛ anaa ahwehwɛ a wɔde hwɛ ade ansa na wɔayɛ wo oprehyɛn de asiesie w’ani. Nanso, ebia wobɛyɛ obi a wɔpɛ sɛ wɔyɛ wo oprehyɛn ntɛm ara. Wo ne w’ani duruyɛfo nkasa mfa ayaresa a eye ma wo ho.

So wobetumi atew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ obi benya refractive error no so?

Nokwarem no, mpɛn pii no, biribiara nni hɔ a wubetumi ayɛ a ɛbɛma w’ani antumi anhu ade yiye. Esiane sɛ eyinom fi sɛnea w’ani, w’aniwa, anaa w’aniwa ahwehwɛ no te, anaasɛ nsakrae a ɛba afã horow yi mu nti, ɔkwan biara nni hɔ a wobɛfa so asiw aniwa mu sintɔ ano. Na biribiara nni hɔ a wubetumi ayɛ de asiw wo ba no kwan sɛ wɔrenwo no a onhu ade yiye.

Sɛ mewɔ refractive error a, dɛn na ɛba?

Sɛ mpo ɛsɛ sɛ wohyɛ ahwehwɛ anaa ahwehwɛ a wɔde hwɛ ade, anaasɛ wɔyɛ wo oprehyɛn de siesie w’ani so a, esiane sɛ wowɔ aniwa mu dɛmdi nti a, ɛrennya w’akwahosan so nkɛntɛnso kɛse.

Sɛnea wɔkyerɛw w’aniwa anaa w’aniwa ahwehwɛ a wɔde hwɛ ade no anaasɛ ahoɔden betumi asesa bere a bere kɔ so no. Nnipa binom a wɔyɛ wɔn oprehyɛn a wɔde siesie wɔn ani so no betumi anya aniwa a ɛyera kakra bere a bere kɔ so no (regression) – kyerɛ sɛ, oprehyɛn no nkɛntɛnso so tew nkakrankakra.

Sɛ wowɔ anisoadehu ho haw a, asiane kɛse wom sɛ wubenya tebea afoforo a ɛka aniwa no. Nhwɛso ahorow:

• Glaucoma a ɛma obi ho yɛ hyew.
• Aniwa a ɛyɛ ɔkwasea (`Aniwa a ɛyɛ ɔkwasea / Amblyopia`).
• Aniwa a wɔatwa / Strabismus.
• Anisoadehu a ɛba fam.

Mpɛn ahe na ɛsɛ sɛ mehwɛ m’ani?

Ɛdenam aniwa ho ɔbenfo a ɔhwɛ w’ani ne w’ani so daa so no, obetumi ahu ɔhaw biara ntɛm. Mpɛn dodow a ɛsɛ sɛ wohwɛ w’ani no taa gyina mfe a woadi so:

• Mmofra: Ɛsɛ sɛ wo ba no ma ne mmofra oduruyɛfo hwɛ n’ani bɛyɛ bere a ɔresua akenkan no, na afei mfe biako kosi abien biara wɔ ɛno akyi.
• Mpanyimfo a wonnii mfe 40: Mfe anum kosi du biara.
• Mpanyimfo a wɔadi fi mfe 40 kosi 54: Mfe abien kosi anan biara.
• Mpanyimfo a wɔadi boro mfe 55: Mfe biako kosi abiɛsa biara.

Sɛ wohyɛ ahwehwɛ, ahwehwɛ a wɔde hwɛ ade, anaa wuhia ade foforo a wɔde hwɛ ade a, ebia ebehia sɛ wohwɛ w’ani mpɛn pii. Ɛsɛ sɛ nnipa a wɔwɔ asikreyare nso yɛ wɔn aniwa mpɛn pii.

Bisa w’ani ho ɔbenfo mpɛn dodow a ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ w’ani mu nhwehwɛmu.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mekɔ me duruyɛfo nkyɛn?

Hwɛ wo duruyɛfo anaa aniwa ho ɔyaresafo bere a wuhu nsakrae biara wɔ w’ani anaa w’ani so ara pɛ.

Sɛ wowɔ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a edidi so yi mu biara a , kɔ ayaresabea dwumadibea a wɔhwɛ ntɛmpɛ so ntɛm ara:

• Anisoadehu a ɛyera mpofirim.
• Aniwa mu yaw a emu yɛ den.
• Sɛ wuhu flash anaa floaters foforo wɔ w’ani so a.

Nsɛm bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mibisa me duruyɛfo?

• Anisoadehu ho haw bɛn na mewɔ?
• Glasses/contact lenses bɛn na mihia?
• So mefata sɛ wɔyɛ me oprehyɛn a wɔde teɛteɛ m’ani so?
• Mpɛn ahe na ɛsɛ sɛ meyɛ m’ani mu nhwehwɛmu?

Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie

Anisoadehu mu haw yɛ aniwa mu haw a abu so yiye a nnipa pii hyia. Ɛmfa ho ɔhaw ko a wowɔ no, w’ani duruyɛfo betumi anya aduru bi a ɛbɛboa wo ma woahu ade yiye bio. Sɛ ɛte sɛ nea w’aniwa nsakrae kɛse mpo a, kɔ w’ani ho oduruyɛfo nkyɛn daa. Ɛtɔ da bi a, nsakrae nketenkete a ɛba w’ani anaa w’ani so no betumi ama ɔhaw bi a ɛwɔ hɔ dedaw no ayɛ kɛse anaasɛ ɛde foforo aba.

Sɛ mpofirim ara wo ba no fi ase twitwiw n’ani, onwiinwii sɛ ne ti yɛ no yaw, anaa ohu sɛ ne sukuu adwuma so atew a, ebia obenya aniwa mu yare bi a ebia onnim sɛ wobetumi asa. Ɛno nti na ɛho hia sɛ wohwehwɛ aduruyɛ mu afotu wɔ mmere te sɛ eyinom mu no. Yɛn ani som bo paa, enti momma yɛnhwɛ so!

` Aniwa a ɛhwɛ ade, aniwa mu haw, myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, ahwehwɛ, aniwa akwahosan