Aniwa mu nhwehwɛmu fã titiriw: Momma yensua Retinoscopy ho ade.

So wɔayɛ w’ani mu nhwehwɛmu pɛn? Anaasɛ wode wo ba ketewa no akɔ aniwa ho ɔbenfo nkyɛn pɛn? Saa bere no, ebia woate asɛmfua ‘retinoscopy’. Eyi yɛ anammɔn a ɛho hia yiye ankasa wɔ aniwa mu nhwehwɛmu mu. Ɛnnɛ, yɛbɛka nea saa retinoscopy yi yɛ, nea ɛyɛ, ne sɛnea ɛho hia ho asɛm.

Dɛn ne Retinoscopy?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, retinoscopy yɛ sɔhwɛ titiriw bi a aniwa ho oduruyɛfo de susuw w’ani a wuhu ade, anaasɛ mfomso a ɛwɔ w’ani a ɛma wotumi hu ade no mu pɛpɛɛpɛ. Wɔde adwinnade soronko bi a wɔde nsa yɛ ne kanea na ɛyɛ eyi. Wɔde hann yi kɔ w’aniwa mu, baabi a ɛbɔ retina a ɛwɔ w’ani akyi no, na ɛdannan san kɔ akyi.

Ɛwom sɛ akwan foforo pii wɔ hɔ a wɔfa so hwehwɛ aniwa mu nnansa yi de, nanso ɔkwan a wɔfrɛ no retinoscopy yi da so ara yɛ nea nkurɔfo ani gye ho kɛse. Wɔtaa yɛ no sɛ aniwa mu nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ no daa no fã.

Saa kwan yi ho hia titiriw ma wɔn a wontumi nka wɔn haw nkyerɛ oduruyɛfo no ani mu nhwehwɛmu. Wo de susuw ho hwɛ, ɛbɛyɛ dɛn na akokoaa ketewaa bi atumi aka ɔkwan a ɔfa so hu ade no ho asɛm akyerɛ wo?

Nso:

• Wɔ mmofra nkumaa paa fam (efi awo mu mpo) .
• Wɔn a wɔnte kasa a oduruyɛfo no ka ase na wɔwɔ kasa mu akwanside ahorow no
• Wɔn a wɔn adwene mu yɛ wɔn naa no fam
• Saa sɔhwɛ yi ho hia bere a ɛfa aniwa ahwehwɛ a wɔde bɛma nnipa a wɔwɔ amemene mu tebea horow a ɛfa mfe a wɔadi ho (e.g. adwenemhaw) ho no .

Ade foforo ne sɛ ɔkwan titiriw bi a wɔfrɛ no retinoscopy nso betumi ahu sɛ ebia w’ani wɔ ɔhaw ahorow a ɛfa sɛnea ɛde n’ani si akyirikyiri a ɛsonosonoe ho anaa.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na eyi yɛ adwuma?

Okay, afei momma yɛnhwɛ sɛnea saa retinoscopy sɔhwɛ yi yɛ adwuma. Sɛ hann hyɛn w’aniwa mu a, ɛfa aniwa no mu ne aniwa a ɛwɔ aniwa no mu no mu, na ɛbɔ retina a ɛwɔ aniwa no akyi no. Afei hann no san dan, te sɛ nea hann fi ahwehwɛ mu ba no.

Saa hann a ɛdannan yi ma w’aniwa no yɛ kɔkɔɔ, anaasɛ ɛhyerɛn. Nnuruyɛfo frɛ eyi `Fundus reflex` anaa `Red reflex` . Ebia woahyɛ no nsow sɛ ɛtɔ da bi a, sɛ wotwa mfonini a, w’ani yɛ kɔkɔɔ, saa na ɛba.

Mpɛn pii no, aniwa mu nhwehwɛmu bɛhwɛ sɛnea w’ani da hɔ yiye, a ɛno ne sɛnea wutumi hu ade yiye 20/20 . 20/20 anisoadehu ne dodow a aniwa abien a ɛte apɔw tumi hu ade yiye. Wɔ obi a n’ani hu ade yiye mu no, ɛsɛ sɛ hann mframa a ɛdannan fi retina no mu no yɛ pɛ bere a efi aniwa no mu no.

Nanso sɛ wowɔ refractive error – nearsightedness, akyirikyiri, anaa astigmatism – saa hann mframa yi abɔ na emfi adi wɔ tẽẽ. Ɛno ne bere a aniwa ho ɔyaresafo no de retinoscopy di dwuma de hwɛ ahwehwɛ ko a ɛbɛma hann mframa yi apue a ɛne ne ho di nsɛ. Saa nteɛso no ne nea wo nnuru a wɔakyerɛw ama wo no yɛ. Ate aseɛ?

Tebea bɛn na wobetumi de retinoscopy ahu?

Saa retinoscopy nhwehwɛmu yi nso betumi aboa ma wɔahu aniwa mu tebea afoforo bi. Nhwɛsoɔ:

• Amblyopia: Wɔsan frɛ eyi "aniwa a ɛyɛ ɔkwasea." Ɛyɛ tebea a aniwa biako ntumi nhu ade pii sen foforo no. Sɛ wohu ntɛm a, wobetumi asa.
• Presbyopia: Eyi yɛ tebea a ɛka nnipa pii a wɔadi boro mfe 40. Ɛyɛ tebea a wuntumi nhu nneɛma a ɛbɛn wo pefee, te sɛ nhoma anaa atesɛm krataa a wobɛhwɛ, anaa ade a wode asaawa abɔ mu.
• Strabismus: Eyi ne nea yɛfrɛ no mmeamudua aniwa . Ɛyɛ bere a wɔdan aniwa no kɔ afã horow sen sɛ wɔbɛkyerɛ baabi koro no ara. Ɛho hia nso sɛ yehu eyi ntɛm.

Dɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ yɛhwɛ kwan ansa na wɔayɛ sɔhwɛ no?

Mpɛn pii no, enhia sɛ woyɛ biribi titiriw biara de siesie wo ho ma retinoscopy (anaasɛ aniwa mu nhwehwɛmu a edi mũ a eyi ka ho). Nanso, wɔ nsɛm bi mu no, ebia nneɛma nketenkete bi wɔ hɔ a wubetumi ayɛ. Sɛ ebi wɔ hɔ a, w’ani duruyɛfo bɛka ho asɛm akyerɛ wo ansa na wɔayɛ nhwehwɛmu no. Sɛ wohyɛ ahwehwɛ a wɔde hwɛ ade a, wo duruyɛfo nso bɛkyerɛ wo bere tenten a ɛsɛ sɛ woyi ansa na wɔayɛ nhwehwɛmu no.

Ansa na wobɛyɛ w’ani so nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ no daa no, w’ani duruyɛfo no de aniwa mu nnuru titiriw (nnuru a ɛma aniwa mu yɛ den) bɛhyɛ w’ani so. Saa nnuru yi siw w’ani kwan sɛ ɛbɛbɔ mmɔden sɛ ɛde n’adwene besi ne ho so bere a woreyɛ sɔhwɛ no. Sɛ wɔyɛ saa a, ɛbɛyɛ den ama oduruyɛfo no sɛ obehu w’aniwa ahwehwɛ dodow pɛpɛɛpɛ.

Nanso, sɛ oduruyɛfo no rebɛyɛ oprehyɛn titiriw bi a wɔfrɛ no dynamic retinoscopy , a, wɔrenni kan mfa saa nsu a ɛtɔ gu fam yi nhyɛ wo ho efisɛ nhwehwɛmu no gyina ɔkwan a w’ani fa so de n’ani si awosu mu so.

Dɛn na ɛba bere a wɔreyɛ sɔhwɛ no?

Wɔ sɔhwɛ no mu no, wɔbɛtra akongua bi so wɔ dan bi a emu ayɛ sum mu. Aniwa ho oduruyɛfo no bɛtra w’anim. Nnwinnade a wɔde bedi dwuma no biako ne retinoscope . Eyi yɛ afiri a wɔde nsa di dwuma a ɛte sɛ kanea a ano yɛ den ne ahwehwɛ a ɛma nneɛma yɛ kɛse a wɔaka abom. Ebetumi ahyerɛn hann bi wɔ w’ani so na woahwɛ mu yiye.

Ade a edi hɔ a ɛho hia sen biara ne sɛ wode ahwehwɛ a ɛsono ne kɛse bɛhyɛ wo ho na woahwɛ nsakrae a ɛba hann a w’aniwa aniwa no hu no mu. Akwan titiriw abien na ɛwɔ hɔ a wobɛfa so ayɛ eyi:

• Phropter: Eyi yɛ afiri a ɛte sɛ ntontom a ɛhyɛ w’anim a ntokuru abien wom ma wutumi hu mu. Ɛsono ahwehwɛ, enti oduruyɛfo no tumi hyɛ ahwehwɛ biara mu ntɛm.
• Nsa a wɔde hwɛ ahwehwɛ: Eyinom betumi aba sɛ "ahwehwɛ kaad," a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wɔde gluu abɔ ahwehwɛ kɛse biara wɔ krataa a ɛyɛ tratraa so. Anaasɛ wobetumi aba sɛ ankorankoro "loose" lenses. Ɛwom sɛ wobetumi asesa ahwehwɛ ahorow ntɛmntɛm afi ahwehwɛ kaad so de, nanso sɛ wode ahwehwɛ ankorankoro redi dwuma a, ɛsɛ sɛ wohwɛ yiye kɛse bere a wode ahwehwɛ biara bɛhyɛ mu mmiako mmiako no.

Sɛ oduruyɛfo no de hann bi fa saa ahwehwɛ yi mu hyerɛn kɔ w’ani a wɔfrɛ no retinoscope mu a, wɔhwehwɛ nsakrae pɔtee bi wɔ reflex kɔkɔɔ a epue wɔ w’aniwa mu no mu. Nsakrae ahorow yi ne:

• Sɛnea ahwehwɛ no tu: Oduruyɛfo no betumi ahu sɛ ahwehwɛ no kɛse fata, ɛyɛ ketewaa dodo, anaasɛ ɛsõ dodo denam ɔkwan a ahwehwɛ yi fa so kɔ anim ne akyi a ɔbɛhwɛ so.
• Angle of vision: Saa angle of vision yi na ɛboa oduruyɛfo no ma ohu sɛ wowɔ astigmatism (tebea a ɛma wohu ade yiye esiane nsakrae kakra a ɛba aniwa no nsusuwii mu nti).
• Sɛnea ahwehwɛ no te: Sɛ wunya ahwehwɛ a ɛfata ma wo pɛ a, sɛnea ahwehwɛ yi te nso bɛsakra.

Bere a oduruyɛfo no nam ahwehwɛ bi so hyerɛn hann mu kɔ w’ani so no, wɔde hann no kɔ soro ne fam, benkum ne nifa, ne twa mpɛn pii. Wɔsesa ahwehwɛ a wɔde di dwuma no nso. Wɔyɛ eyi mpɛn pii, na wogyina fã de siesie kanea a ɛwɔ retinoscope no so, anaasɛ wɔkyerɛw nsɛm.

Dɛn ne Dynamic Retinoscopy?

Retinoscopy yɛ ɔkwan titiriw a wɔfa so hwehwɛ w’ani mu hwɛ nneɛma a ɛbɛn wo, a ɛne sɛ wobɛsɔ sɛnea ɛtumi de n’adwene si biribi so hwɛ. Wɔfrɛ saa tumi a wotumi de n’adwene si baabi a ɛbɛn yi dabere . Dynamic Retinoscopy yɛ ɔkwan a aniwa ho oduruyɛfo betumi afa so asɔ saa tumi yi ahwɛ.

Sɛ wo duruyɛfo de Dynamic Retinoscopy redi dwuma de ahwɛ sɛnea w’ani tumi de n’ani si biribi so a, sɔhwɛ no te sɛ kan no ara pɛ, nanso ebia ɔremfa ahwehwɛ a ɛma aniwa no yɛ kɛse nni dwuma. Mmom no, wo duruyɛfo bɛka akyerɛ wo sɛ hwɛ nneɛma a ɛwɔ akyirikyiri. Nneɛma bi bɛda wo ne oduruyɛfo no ntam, bere a afoforo nso bɛda oduruyɛfo no akyi (nanso wotumi hu fi oduruyɛfo no nkyɛn anaa ne mmati so).

Sɛ wohwɛ saa nneɛma yi a, oduruyɛfo no nam ne retinoscope hann so hwɛ hann a ɛwɔ w’aniwa mu no. Ɔkwan a hann fa so tu ne sɛnea oduruyɛfo no hu sɛ ebia tumi a w’ani tumi de si biribi so (gye) no reyɛ adwuma yiye anaa.

Dɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ yɛhwɛ kwan wɔ sɔhwɛ no akyi?

Sɛ wo duruyɛfo de aniwa a wɔde gu aniwa mu (nnuru a ɛma wo ho yɛ hyew) dii dwuma de trɛw w’aniwa mu anaasɛ ɛmaa w’aniwa ntumi nkɔ so a, w’ani bɛkɔ so atrɛw kakra wɔ nhwehwɛmu no akyi. Bere a egye ansa na nnuru yi asɛe no gu ahorow. Mpɛn pii no, ebetumi agye nnɔnhwerew kakraa bi. W’ani ho ɔbenfo bɛkyerɛ wo bere tenten a eyi bɛkɔ so.

Ebia w’ani betumi ayɛ kusuu kakra saa bere yi, na ebia wobɛte nka sɛ wote nka wɔ akyi. Enti, ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛma wo bere tiaa mu ahwehwɛ a wɔde hwɛ owia (`sunshades`) a wode bɛhyɛ. Efisɛ aniwa mu nsu a wɔde gu aniwa no mu no mma wo irises no ntew wɔ hann a ano yɛ den mu na ɛtew hann dodow a ɛkɔ w’ani so no so.

So asiane bi wɔ sɔhwɛ yi mu?

Nokwarem no, asiane akɛse anaa nsunsuanso bɔne biara nni retinoscopy mu. Nnuru a ɛma cycloplegic a yɛadi kan aka ho asɛm no betumi de ɔhaw nketenkete aba, nanso ɛtaa yɛ nketenkete (e.g., aniwa a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ kakra, ɛyaw). Ebia nnipa binom a wɔte hann a ano yɛ den nka (a wɔfrɛ no photophobia ) ​​no behu sɛ ɛyɛ den kakra wɔ retinoscopy nhyehyɛe no afã horow bi. Sɛ wowɔ nkate a ɛte saa a, hwɛ hu sɛ wobɛka ho asɛm akyerɛ w’ani duruyɛfo ansa na woayɛ oprehyɛn no. Wubetumi nso ne wo duruyɛfo akasa afa nsɛmmisa anaa dadwen biara a wowɔ wɔ nsunsuanso bɔne a ɛwɔ aniwa mu nnuru no ho no ho.

Wobɛyɛ dɛn anya nea efi mu ba?

Sɛ aniwa ho oduruyɛfo no wie retinoscopy no wie a, obebu wo (anaa wo dɔfo de sɛ wɔreyɛ nhwehwɛmu no a) aduru a wɔakyerɛw ama w’aniwa ahwehwɛ, anaasɛ anisoadehu aduru. Saa aduru yi ne nnuru a wɔakyerɛw a wunya fi subjective refraction exam no mu no yɛ pɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ. Wo duruyɛfo bɛkyerɛkyerɛ aduru yi ho biribiara mu ne nea ɛbɛyɛ ama wo.

Na sɛ nea efii mu bae no ankyerɛ sɛ obi nhu ade yiye (20/20) nso ɛ?

Sɛ nea efi mu ba no kyerɛ sɛ wo anaa wo dɔfo no nni ``(20/20 anisoadehu)`` a ɛfata a, mma ɛnhaw wo. W’ani ho ɔbenfo ne wo bɛkasa afa akwan a wobɛfa so asiesie w’ani so.

Wɔtaa de eyi di dwuma ma:

• Aniwa ahwehwɛ a wɔde hwɛ aniwa
• Ahwehwɛ a wɔde hwɛ ade

Nanso, nnipa binom tumi yɛ anisoadehunu oprehyɛn te sɛ `LASIK` wɔ aduruyɛfoɔ afotuo so.

Sɛ yɛbɛbɔ no mua a (Take-Home Message) .

Nnuru a wɔkyerɛw ma wo yiye te sɛ atade a wɔayɛ no sɛnea wosusuw na ɛfata wo pɛpɛɛpɛ. Aniwa ho oduruyɛfo a ɔde retinoscopy di dwuma no te sɛ obi a ne ho akokwaw a ɔpam ntade, na ɔde ne nsa pam ntama biara de yɛ saa nea ɛfata pɛpɛɛpɛ no.

Ɛwom sɛ saa ɔkwan yi a wɔfrɛ no retinoscopy no adi boro mfe 150 de, nanso ɛda so ara yɛ ɔkwan a wɔtaa de di dwuma wɔ aniwa mu nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ daa mu. Enti, sɛ́ ɛyɛ wo anaa wo dɔfo bi de no, wubetumi anya awerɛhyem sɛ w’ani hwɛ ho ɔbenfo de retinoscopy bedi dwuma de ama wo nnuru a eye sen biara a wɔakyerɛw ama wo ma w’ahiade ahorow.

Enti biribiara nni hɔ a ɛsɛ sɛ yesuro anaasɛ ɛsɛ sɛ yegye adwenem naayɛ wɔ eyi ho. Eyi yɛ sɔhwɛ a ɛho hia yiye ma w’ani akwahosan.

Enti bere foforo a wobɛkɔ akɔyɛ w’ani mu nhwehwɛmu na woabisa retinoscopy ho asɛm no, afei wubehu sɛnea ɛho hia na mfaso wɔ so!

` Retinoscopy, aniwa mu nhwehwɛmu, anisoadehu, refractive mfomso, aniwa ho oduruyɛfo, retina, aniwa ahwehwɛ