So oduruyɛfo bi aka akyerɛ wo sɛ wo ba ketewa no wɔ autism? Ɛyɛ ade a ɛfata sɛ ɔwofo bi te ehu, awerɛhow, na nsɛmmisa ahyɛ no ma bere a ɔte asɛm no. "Me ba daakye bɛyɛ dɛn?" "So ɔrentumi nyɛ sɛ mmofra afoforo da?" "Dɛn na yɛbɛyɛ mprempren?" Ebia woresusuw ho. Nanso, aduruyɛ mu nhwehwɛmu bi a ɛho hia nnansa yi ama anidaso kakra aba yɛn komam. Enti ɛnnɛ, momma yɛnka saa ade foforo a wɔahu yi ne nea wubetumi asua afi mu sɛ ɔwofo a wowɔ abofra a ɔwɔ autism ho asɛm.
Dɛn na adesua foforo yi ka?
Nhwehwɛmu bi a nhwehwɛmufo a wɔwɔ Boston Mmofra Ayaresabea a ɛwɔ United States yɛe no ahu biribi a ɛyɛ nwonwa yiye. Ɛne sɛ, mmofra a wɔahu sɛ wɔwɔ autism spectrum disorder (ASD) wɔ mmofraase no mu bɛboro nkyem abiɛsa mu biako (37%) anyin asen sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no bere a wɔadi mfe 6 .
Nhwehwɛmu no faa mmofra 213 a wohui sɛ wɔwɔ ASD a wɔadi fi mfe 1 kosi 3. Sɛ wɔkyekyem pɛpɛɛpɛ a, wohui sɛ saa mmofra yi adi mfe 2 1⁄2. Wɔsan sɔɔ mmofra yi hwɛe bere a na wɔadi mfe 5 kosi 7. Ɛno na wohuu nea efii mu bae a ɛyɛ nwonwa yi.
Eyi kyerɛ sɛ yare a wɔde ma wɔ ne mmofraase nyɛ biribi a ɛfa abofra no asetra nyinaa ho na wontumi nsakra.
Ayaresa bɛn na mmofra yi nyae?
Nea ɛho hia kɛse wɔ nhwehwɛmu yi mu ne sɛ abofra biara a wohui sɛ ɔwɔ tebea no nyaa ɔkwan bi a wɔfa so de wɔn ho gyee mu. Ade a wɔtaa de wɔn ho hyɛ mu ne Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) .
Enti dɛn ne ABA?
Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, eyi hwehwɛ sɛ wobɛma suban pa a ɛboa wo ba ma onya nkɔso ne nneyɛe bɔne a ɛboa no a wobɛtew so. Sɛ nhwɛso no, sɛ wobɛkyerɛkyerɛ wo ba ma wahwɛ afoforo, akasa, waserew, na wabisa nea ɔpɛ no yɛ suban pa. Afei nso, nneɛma te sɛ obi nkutoo a wobɛtew so ne nneɛma koro no ara a wobɛyɛ mpɛn pii no yɛ saa ayaresa yi fã.
Ɛdenam ABA ayaresa yi so no, abofra bi:
- Nkitahodi ho nimdeɛ
- Adwene a wode si biribi so na wode w’adwene si biribi so
- Ahokokwaw a ɛfa fekubɔ ho
- Adesua ho nimdeɛ
Wɔada no adi sɛ wobetumi ama nneɛma pii atu mpɔn. Enti, eyi kyerɛ yɛn sɛnea ɛho hia sɛ yehu yare no ntɛm na yefi ayaresa a ɛfata abofra no ase.
Mmofra a wɔn ho atɔ wɔn wɔ yare mu no su bɛn na ɛwɔ hɔ?
Ade foforo a ɛyɛ anigye a wohui wɔ nhwehwɛmu yi mu ne sɛ nsonsonoe bi wɔ mmofra a wɔn ho tɔɔ wɔn wɔ ASD ne wɔn a wɔkɔɔ so nyaa tebea no ntam. Momma yɛnhwɛ saa nsɛm yi wɔ pon bi so.
| Su a ɛwɔ hɔ | Nea mmofra a wɔwɔ ASD ahu |
|---|---|
| Ɔbea/mmarimayɛ | Mmea a wobetumi awo mma a ɛkɔ soro (ASD taa yɛ kɛse wɔ mmarima mmofra mu). |
| Da biara da ahokokwaw | Sɛ wodi kan hu yare no a, abofra no wɔ ‘baseline adaptive functioning’ a ɛkorɔn. Ɛne sɛ, wɔyɛ papa kakra sen mmofra afoforo wɔ da biara da nnwuma te sɛ kasa, ntadehyɛ, ne gyinaesi mu. |
| Nyansa mu Nkyekyɛm (IQ) . | Mmofra a wɔwɔ kuw yi mu nyinaa nyaa IQ nkontaahyɛde a ɛyɛ 70 anaa nea ɛboro saa (wobu IQ a ɛba fam sen 70 sɛ ɛyɛ adwene mu dɛmdi ho sɛnkyerɛnne). |
Eyi kyerɛ sɛ ebia abusuabɔ bi wɔ nea abofra tumi yɛe mfiase no ne sɛnea wɔyɛ wɔn ade wɔ ayaresa ho no ntam .
Asuade bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ yɛn sɛ awofo sua fi eyi mu?
Ebia nea efii nhwehwɛmu yi mu bae no ama woanya anidaso kakra. Ɛno yɛ ade pa. Sɛnea Oduruyɛfo Elizabeth Hasted a ɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu no mu nhwehwɛmufo atitiriw no mu biako kyerɛ no, ɛho hia sɛ awofo ma wɔn adwene bue.
"Ɛho hia sɛ yɛte ase sɛ bere a abofra nyin no, wɔn yare a wohu mpo betumi asesa. Mmofra binom betumi anya nsakrae kɛse ankasa wɔ wɔn asetra mu nkitahodi ne wɔn nneyɛe mu. Enti, ɛho hia sɛ yɛkɔ so hwɛ mmofra so na yɛyɛ nsakrae wɔ ayaresa mu sɛnea ɛho hia," ɔka.
Nkrasɛm titiriw a yebetumi agye afi eyi mu ne sɛ:
- Mma anidasoɔ nnyae : Esiane sɛ wo ba no wɔ ASD nti, ɛnkyerɛ sɛ ɛyɛ wɔn nkwa awiei. Sɛ wonya mmoa ne ayaresa a ɛfata a, wobetumi anya nkɔso a ɛyɛ nwonwa.
- Wo ne wo duruyɛfo nni nkitaho daa: Wo ne wo duruyɛfo nkasa fa wo ba no nkɔso, ɔhaw biara a ebia wubehyia, ne biribiara ho. "Oduruyɛfo, ɛte sɛ nea ɔreyɛ yiye kakra mprempren," "Oduruyɛfo, wanya saa su foforo yi," ne nea ɛkeka ho.
- Ayaresa a wodi ntɛm ho hia: Sɛ wuhu nsakrae biara wɔ wo ba no nneyɛe mu, te sɛ mmofra afoforo a wo ne no nni agoru, woremfa wɔn ani nhwɛ bere a worekasa, anaasɛ worenkasa wɔ ɔkwan a ɛfata ne mfe so a, ntwentwɛn wo nan ase sɛ wobɛhwehwɛ aduruyɛ mu afotu. Dodow a wohu yare no ntɛm no, dodow no ara na nea efi ayaresa mu ba no ye.
Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie
- Ebia ɛnyɛ bere nyinaa na autism spectrum disorder (ASD) bɛyɛ asetra nyinaa tebea a ɛnsakra, na nhwehwɛmu foforo rema anidaso.
- Sɛ wohu sɛ abofra bi anya ASD wie a, ɛho hia sɛ wofi ase sa yare a ɛfata ntɛm ara sɛnea wobetumi . Wɔada no adi sɛ nneyɛe ho ayaresa te sɛ Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) tu mpɔn titiriw.
- Wo ne wo duruyɛfo nsusuw nkɔso a wo ba no anya ho daa . Ebia ɛho behia sɛ wɔsakra ayaresa bere a wo ba no nyin no.
- Ɛsono abofra biara. Enti mfa wo ba no nkɔso ntoto abofra foforo ho. Ade a ɛho hia sen biara ne sɛ wode boasetɔ ne ɔdɔ bɛboa wo ba .
- Yɛsrɛ sɛ monte ase sɛ adesua yi yɛ anidaso ara kwa, na ɛnyɛ awerɛhyem a ɛfa obiara ho. Enti, ɛho hia sɛ yɛde yɛn ho to aduruyɛ mu afotu a egyina nyansahu so so .
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