So wo ba wosow wɔn nipadua a ontumi nhyɛ ne ho so? So wɔyɛ dede? So ɛno ne (Tourette Syndrome)?

Ebia woahu w’ankasa wo ba, ɔhɔho ba, anaa mpo wɔ sukuu anaa abɔnten so, mmofra binom abɔ wɔn ani mpofirim, wɔtwe wɔn mmati, dannan wɔn kɔn wɔ ɔkwan a ɛyɛ nwonwa so, anaasɛ wɔyɛ dede bi kɛkɛ a ɛte sɛ nea wɔreprapra wɔn menewam. Ɛtɔ da bi a sɛ́ mpanyimfo no, yebetumi asusuw sɛ, "So abofra yi redi aseresɛm? Anaasɛ ɔrebɔ mmɔden sɛ obegye obi adwene?" Nanso nokwarem no, eyinom yɛ nneɛma a wontumi nni so, ɛba wɔ awosu mu ara kwa. Ɛnnɛ yɛbɛka tebea bi te sɛ eyi ho asɛm, a ɛyɛ den kakra, nanso sɛ yɛte ase wie a, wobetumi adi ho dwuma kɛse. Ɛno ne `(Tourette Syndrome)` anaa Tourette Syndrome, ntini mu yare.

Dɛn ne `(Tourette Syndrome)`? Momma yɛnte ase kɛkɛ!

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, `(Tourette Syndrome)` yɛ tebea a ɛka yɛn amemene ne yɛn ntini ahorow. Nea ɛba wɔ eyi mu ne sɛ mpofirim ara obi nya nipadua mu kankyee anaa nnyigyei a ontumi nni so. Yɛfrɛ eyi wɔ aduruyɛ mu `(tics)` anaa `tics.` Fa no sɛ `switch` ketewaa bi wɔ yɛn nipadua mu a ɛkɔ `on-off`, nanso yentumi nni so sɛnea yɛpɛ.

Saa `(tics)` yi ahodoɔ titire mmienu na ɛwɔ hɔ:

1. `(Motor tics)`: Eyinom ne `(tics)` a ɛfa nipadua mu kankyee ho. Sɛ nhwɛso no, mmati a wɔtwe, aniwa a wɔbɔ, ti a wɔwosow, ne wɔn akwaa a wɔbɔ.

2. Vocal tics: Eyinom yɛ tics a ɛfa ɛnne no ho. Sɛ nhwɛso no, dede te sɛ menewa a wɔtew, home a wɔde fa hwene mu, si apini, nsɛm a wɔka, ne ɛtɔ mmere bi a wɔteɛteɛm.

Mpɛn pii no ``motor tics'' fi ase kan, na ``vocal tics'' di akyi. ``Tourette Syndrome'' ne nea emu yɛ den sen biara wɔ saa ``tic disorders'' yi mu, anaasɛ nea ɛda adi kɛse. Ɛtaa fi ase wɔ mmofraase, wɔ mfe 5 kosi 7. Nea eye ne sɛ, wɔ nnipa pii fam no, tebea yi so tew kɛse bere a wɔrenyin no, titiriw wɔ wɔn mmabunbere mu. Ebia ebefi hɔ koraa mpo.

`(Tourette Syndrome)` abu so dɛn?

Nhwehwɛmu kyerɛ sɛ sɛ wɔkyekyɛ mu a, mmofra bɛyɛ ɔha biara mu biako betumi anya ``tic disorder bi.`` Nanso, ``Tourette Syndrome`` a ɛba no sua kakra. Ɛno kyerɛ sɛ mmofra 160 biara mu bɛyɛ biako pɛ na wɔbɔ amanneɛ sɛ ɔwɔ ``Tourette Syndrome.``

So tic yare ahorow wɔ hɔ? So Tourette Syndrome nkutoo na ɛwɔ hɔ?

Dabi, Tourette Syndrome yɛ tic yare biako pɛ. Ahorow afoforo nso wɔ hɔ. Wo duruyɛfo no begyina wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow so akyerɛ wo tic disorder ko a wowɔ no pɛpɛɛpɛ.

Wobetumi akyekyɛ tic disorders mu titiriw sɛnea edidi so yi:

• Bere tiaa mu tic disorder: Wɔ eyi mu no, motor tics, vocal tics, anaa n’abien nyinaa wɔ hɔ a ennu afe biako.
• Tic yare a ɛkɔ so (a enni sabea): Wɔ eyi mu no, wɔde motor tics anaa vocal tics (nanso ɛnyɛ abien no nyinaa) a wɔaka abom bɛboro afe biako na ɛwɔ hɔ.
• Tourette Syndrome: Wɔ eyi mu no , ɛsɛ sɛ motor tics ne vocal tics nyinaa wɔ hɔ bɛboro afe biako.

Dɛn ne `(Tourette Syndrome)` ho sɛnkyerɛnne?

Sɛnea yɛadi kan aka ho asɛm no, Tourette Syndrome ho sɛnkyerɛnne titiriw ne tics. Eyinom taa fi ase fi mfe 5 kosi 7, na mpɛn pii no ɛkɔ soro bɛyɛ mfe 12. Ɛno akyi no, ɛso tew nkakrankakra.

Saa `(tics)` yi betumi ayɛ `(simple)` anaa `(complex)`:

Tics a Ɛnyɛ Den ne Tics a Ɛyɛ Den

• Simple tics: Eyinom yɛ kankyee anaa nnyigyei a ɛyɛ ntɛmntɛm yiye, mpɛn pii a mpɛn pii no ɛfa ntini akuw kakraa bi pɛ ho. Susuw ho sɛ wobɛbɔ wo mmati, wobɛbɔ w’ani, anaasɛ wobɛhome afa wo hwene mu.
• Ntini a ɛyɛ den: Eyinom fa kankyee ne ntini akuw pii ho. Sɛ nhwɛso no, ahuruhuruw a wohuruw kɔ soro ne fam, asɛmfua anaa kasasin bi a wobɛka no mpɛn pii, nea afoforo ka a wobɛsan aka bio (echolalia), ne kasafĩ a wɔde di dwuma (coprolalia) yɛ tics a ɛyɛ den ho nhwɛso.

`(Motor Tic)` nhwɛsoɔ foforɔ bi:

• Limb flapping anaa tow a wɔtow
• Ɔkotow wɔ n’asen mu
• Aniwa a ɛtwetwe (ɛtaa yɛ) .
• Ti a ɛwosow anaa ɛkyinkyin mpofirim
• Huruhuruw kɔ soro
• Hook no a wɔde tu kwan
• Anim yɛbea a wɔakyinkyim anaasɛ wɔatwe

Nhwɛsoɔ bi a ɛfa `(Vocal Tic)` ho:

• Dede a wɔyɛ te sɛ ɔkraman a ɔrebobom
• Nnyigyei a ɛyɛ akuturuku a wɔreyɛ
• Mpofirim ara a wɔteɛteɛm
• Ahome a wɔde nnyigyei a ɛyɛ rasping fa hwene mu
• Menewa a wɔtaa tew

So ɛtɔ mmere bi a saa `(Tics)` yi betumi ayɛ asiane?

Mpɛn pii no, tics nsɛe ade kɛse. Nanso motor tics bi betumi ama obi apira ne ho. Sɛ nhwɛso no, wo ho a wobɛbɔ w’anim.

Afei nso, `(vocal tic)` bi wɔ hɔ a wɔfrɛ no `(coprolalia)`. Ɛyɛ nsɛm a ɛyɛ abofono anaa nea ɛmfata asetra mu nsɛm a wɔka a wontumi nni so. Esiane eyi nti, ebia afoforo besusuw sɛ saa onipa yi ahyɛ da ahaw afoforo na ɔrehaw wɔn. Titiriw sɛ abofra bi wɔ saa `(tic)` a, wobetumi atwe n'aso a ɛho nhia wɔ sukuu anaa fie.

Adeɛ a ɛho hia paa ne sɛ yɛbɛte aseɛ sɛ saa ``tics`` yi nyɛ biribi a obiara hyɛ da yɛ. Wɔyɛ biribi a ɛkɔ so a wontumi nni so koraa.

Dɛn na ɛde Tourette Syndrome ba?

Wonnya nhuu nea ɛde Tourette Syndrome ba ankasa . Nanso esiane sɛ tebea no taa kɔ mmusua mu nti, nyansahufo gye di sɛ awosu mu nkɛntɛnso bi wɔ hɔ . Eyi kyerɛ sɛ hokwan wɔ hɔ sɛ mmofra benya tebea no afi wɔn awofo hɔ.

Nea ɛka ho no, nsusuwii bi nso wɔ hɔ a ɛkyerɛ sɛ nsakrae bi a ɛba wɔ ntini mu nkwaadɔm (eyinom ne nnuru a ɛhwɛ yɛn nneyɛe ne yɛn kankyee so) dwumadi mu wɔ yɛn amemene mu, titiriw ntini mu nkwaadɔm a wɔfrɛ no dopamine a ɛnkari pɛ no betumi ama eyi aba.

Dɛn ne asiane ahorow a ɛma obi nya Tourette Syndrome?

Asiane atitiriw pii wɔ hɔ a ɛde tebea yi ba:

• Bɔbeasu: Mmarimaa taa nya Tourette Syndrome mprɛnsa kosi anan sen mmeawa.
• Abusua abakɔsɛm: Sɛnea yɛadi kan aka no, sɛ obi a ɔwɔ abusua no mu wɔ saa yare yi a, wobetumi afa awosu mu nkwaadɔm so akɔ mmofra mu.
• Akwahosan a ɛba ansa na wɔawo: Sɛ ɛna no nom sigaret bere a na ɔyem anaasɛ na ɔwɔ akwahosan ho haw afoforo a, ebetumi aba sɛ abofra no benya Tourette Syndrome kɛse. Ebia ɛne awo mu duru a ɛba fam nso wɔ abusuabɔ.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wohu sɛ obi anya Tourette Syndrome?

Sɛ oduruyɛfo betumi ahu `(tic disorder)` a, ɛsɛ sɛ `(tics)` no fii ase ansa na wadi mfe 18. Sɛ wobehu sɛ ɔwɔ `(Tourette Syndrome)` a, ɛsɛ sɛ `(motor tics)` ne `(vocal tics)` nyinaa wɔ hɔ bɛboro afe .

Mogya mu nhwehwɛmu anaa scan pɔtee biara nni hɔ a wɔde behu Tourette Syndrome. Mmom no, wo duruyɛfo no betie wo (anaa wo ba) aduruyɛ ho abakɔsɛm ne ne sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yiye. Nneɛma bi a ebia wobɛpɛ sɛ wuhu fa Tics ho ni:

• Mpɛn ahe na tics ba?
• Mfe bɛn na `(Tics)` fii ase?
• Dɛn ne `(tics)` (mmerɛw anaasɛ ɛyɛ den) su?

Afei nso, ebia oduruyɛfo no bɛyɛ nhwehwɛmu ahorow bi de ayi aduruyɛ mu tebea afoforo a ebetumi de tics no aba no afi hɔ.

So akwahosan tebea afoforo betumi aba wɔ `(Tourette Syndrome)` ho?

Yiw, ebia nnipa pii a wɔwɔ Tourette Syndrome no benya akwahosan ho tebea foforo biako anaa nea ɛboro saa. Eyinom taa yɛ adwene anaa nneyɛe mu akwahosan ho haw ahorow. Nhwɛso ahorow bi ne:

• Dadwen ho haw ahorow
• Adwene a Wɔde Si Adwene a Wɔde Yɛ Adwuma Ntraso (ADHD) .
• Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) a Ɛyɛ Fɛ (ASD) .
• Hahaahayɔ
• Adesua mu dɛmdi ahorow
• Ɔyare a ɛma obi yɛ ade tra so (OCD) .
• Ɔsɔretia a Wɔyɛ Atirimɔdensɛm (ODD) .

Enti, ɛho hia yiye sɛ wususuw tebea horow a ɛbata ho yi ho bere a wɔresa Tourette Syndrome no.

Dɛn ne ayaresa a wɔde sa `(Tourette Syndrome)`?

Sɛ `(tics)` no yɛ mmerɛw yiye, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ enni nkɛntɛnso kɛse wɔ da biara da dwumadi ahorow so a, ebia ayaresa ho renhia. Nanso, sɛ `(tics)` no mu yɛ den, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɛtwetwe adwuma, sukuu adwuma, asetena mu abusuabɔ, anaasɛ sɛ `(tics)` binom pira wɔn ho a, akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ ayaresa ho hia.

Wɔde nnuru ne nneyɛe ho ayaresa di dwuma titiriw ma eyi.

So nnuru boa?

Yiw, oduruyɛfo no betumi akyerɛw nnuru ahorow bi a wɔfrɛ no neuroleptics ama Tourette Syndrome. Saa nnuru yi yɛ adwuma denam nnuru bi a wɔfrɛ no dopamine a ɛmma ɛnyɛ adwuma wɔ amemene no mu no so. Efisɛ wosusuw sɛ dopamine dodow a ɛkɔ soro no na ɛma tics kɔ soro.

Nea ɛka ho no, wobetumi ama nnuru ahorow a ɛsono emu biara ama tebea afoforo a ɛba wɔ Tourette Syndrome mu, te sɛ ADHD anaa OCD.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na suban ho ayaresa betumi aboa?

Ná yɛtaa ka sɛ tics a ɛka Tourette Syndrome ho no yɛ nea wontumi nni so na ɛba ara kwa. Nanso, nneyɛe ho ayaresa foforo wɔ hɔ a ebetumi aboa ma wɔadi saa tics yi ho dwuma na atew nkɛntɛnso bɔne a enya wɔ da biara da asetra so no so.

Ayaresa titiriw no mu biako ne ``Comprehensive Behavioral Intervention for Tics (CBIT)`` . Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, ɛyɛ eyi:

1. Sua sɛnea wobɛbua `(tics)`: Sɛ wote nka sɛ `(tic)` bi reba a, wosua sɛ wobɛyɛ biribi a ɛne no bɔ abira, kyerɛ sɛ wobɛyɛ kankyee anaa adeyɛ foforo a esiw `(tic)` no ano. Wɔfrɛ eyi `(mmuae a wɔde si akan)`. Sɛ nhwɛso no, sɛ wote nka sɛ wobɛbɔ w’ani a, wode wo ho hyɛ mu sɛ wobɛhyɛ da ato w’ani denneennen mmom.

2. Ntetee a wɔde behu `(Tics)`: Nnipa binom te ``premonitory urge`` nka ansa na `(tic)` bi aba. Te sɛ nea wobɛte biribi a ɛyɛ nwonwa nka wɔ hwene mu ansa na woafefe. Sɛ wusua sɛ wubehu saa akɔnnɔ a edi kan yi a, wubetumi abɔ mmɔden sɛ wubesiw ano anaasɛ wobɛsesa ansa na `(tic)` no aba.

3. Boa a wɔboa ma wɔtew `(Tics)` so: `(tics)` taa kɔ soro bere a wo ho yeraw wo, wo ho yeraw wo, anaa w'ani agye dodo no. Enti, ɛdenam sɛnea wobɛtete wo ho sɛ wobɛma wo ho adwo wo sɛnea wubetumi na woakwati tebea horow a ɛhaw adwene so no, wubetumi atew mpɛn dodow a `(tics)` ba no so.

Dɛn ne obi a ɔwɔ `(Tourette Syndrome)` daakye?

Aduru biara nni hɔ a wɔde sa Tourette Syndrome. Nanso, sɛnea yɛadi kan aka no, tebea no taa tu mpɔn kɛse bere a nkurɔfo nyin no . Ɛwom sɛ ebia tics bɛkɔ so de, nanso nnipa dodow no ara nhia nnuru anaa nneyɛe ho ayaresa bere a wɔanyinyin no. Nnipa a wɔwɔ Tourette Syndrome no tra ase sɛnea ɛsɛ . Eyi kyerɛ sɛ ɛnyɛ tebea a ɛtra hɔ nkwa nna nyinaa, na ɛma obi nkwa nna yɛ tiaa.

So wobetumi asiw Tourette Syndrome ano?

Dabi, ɔkwan biara nni hɔ a wɔbɛfa so asiw Tourette Syndrome ano. Nea enti a ɛte saa ne sɛ ɛwɔ awosu mu nkɛntɛnso ahorow. Nanso, sɛ wohu ntɛm na wɔsa no yiye a , wobetumi asiw Tourette Syndrome no ano na ankɔ so ansɛe na wobetumi atew so akodu baabi akosi sɛ obi bɛyɛ mpanyin afe so.

Dɛn na wobetumi ayɛ na ama Tourette Syndrome asetra ayɛ mmerɛw?

Tourette Syndrome a wɔbɛtra ase no betumi ayɛ den, titiriw wɔ mmofra fam. Ebetumi ayɛ den sɛ yɛde yɛn adwene besi sukuu dwumadi so na yɛne afoforo adi nkitaho. Enti, mmoa a emu yɛ den a efi nnamfo, abusuafo, ne akyerɛkyerɛfo hɔ no betumi aboa kɛse ma wɔaboa abofra a ɔwɔ Tourette Syndrome ma wadi tebea no ho dwuma.

Mmofra a wɔwɔ Tourette Syndrome nso betumi anya mfaso afi:

• Adesua wɔ adesuadan ahorow a asuafo kakraa bi na wɔwɔ mu.
• Ankorankoro adwene a wobenya wɔ sukuu mu.
• Bere foforo a wubenya de ayɛ nneɛma te sɛ dwumadi ahorow.

Nea ɛho hia paa ne sɛ abofra no, abusua no, ne akyerɛkyerɛfo no benya saa tebea yi ho ntease a ɛteɛ. Afei, sɛ́ anka obiara bɛbɔ abofra no sobo anaa odi ne ho fɛw no, obetumi aboa no na waboa no ma wanya ne tumi ahorow.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn fa `(Tourette Syndrome)` ho?

Sɛ obi a ɔwɔ Tourette Syndrome da saa sɛnkyerɛnne yi bi adi a, ɛsɛ sɛ ɔkɔ oduruyɛfo ntɛm ara :

• Sɛ woyɛ w’ade basabasa a.
• Sɛ wupira wo ho a.
• Sɛ woreka sɛnea wokum wo ho ho asɛm a. (Wɔ tebea horow a ɛtete saa mu no, wɔ Sri Lanka no, wubetumi nso afrɛ mmoa adwumayɛbea te sɛ 1926 Sumithrayo.) Sɛ tebea a egye ntɛmpɛ si a, frɛ 119.

Tourette Syndrome yɛ ntini mu yare a ɛma obi keka ne ho anaa ɔte nnyigyei a ɔmpɛ (tics). Mpɛn pii no, ɔhaw no fi ase wɔ mmofraase na mpɛn pii no ɛyɛ yiye bere a wɔrenyin no. Nnuru ne nneyɛe ho ayaresa ne Tourette Syndrome ayaresa titiriw. Ntini ho animdefo anaa adwenemyare ho animdefo na wɔsa tebea no.

Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie

Okay, enti momma yɛnsan nhwɛ nneɛma a yɛkaa ho asɛm (Tourette Syndrome) a yɛsusu sɛ ɛho hia wo no bi mu:

• Tourette Syndrome yɛ amemene ne ntini mu yare a ɛba mmofra mu. Ɛde tics a wontumi nni so (ntini a ɛkeka ne ho, ɛnne a ɛyɛ den) ba.
• Saa ``tics`` yi nyɛ nea wɔahyɛ da ayɛ. Enti mfa asodi nto abofra no so.
• Mpɛn pii no, tebea yi so tew kɛse bere a obi nyin no, titiriw wɔ mmerante ne mmabaa mu.
• Wobetumi de nnuru ne adwene mu nneyɛe ho ayaresa (CBIT) adi tebea yi ho dwuma yiye.
• Ɔdɔ, ntease, ne mmoa a abofra a ɔwɔ Tourette Syndrome nya fi abusua, akyerɛkyerɛfo, ne nnamfo hɔ no ho hia yiye.
• Sɛ wopɛ sɛ wuhu eyi ho nsɛm pii, anaasɛ wususuw sɛ wo ba no wɔ saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi a, kɔ mmofra oduruyɛfo, ntini ho ɔyaresafo, anaa adwenemyare ho oduruyɛfo nkyɛn kɔhwehwɛ afotu.

Mma ɛnhaw wo, Tourette Syndrome yɛ tebea a wobetumi adi ho dwuma yiye denam ntease a ɛfata na wɔadi ho dwuma so.

` Tourette Syndrome, Tics, Motor Tics, Vocal Tics, Ntini mu yare, Mmofra, Suban Ho Ayaresa