So ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ TB nhwehwɛmu? Nsuro sɛ wobɛsua eyi ho ade (Tuberculosis Test) .

So wotee ehu nka kakra bere a oduruyɛfo no ka kyerɛɛ obi a wunim no sɛ "ɔnyɛ TB nhwehwɛmu" no? Anaasɛ wususuw ho sɛ sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ w’ankasa woyɛ sɔhwɛ yi a, dɛn na ɛbɛba? Yɛn mu pii suro ankasa bere a yɛte asɛmfua ‘TB’ no. Nanso sɛ wonya sɔhwɛ yi ne yare yi ho nsɛm a edi mũ a, yebetumi ayi ehu a ɛho nhia yi afi hɔ. Enti ɛnnɛ, momma yɛnka nea TB sɔhwɛ yi yɛ, sɛnea wɔyɛ no, ne nea ɛba bere a nea efi mu ba no san ba no ho asɛm, wɔ ɔkwan a ɛyɛ mmerɛw yiye a wubetumi ate ase so.

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, dɛn ne TB nhwehwɛmu?

Ɛyɛ mmerɛw yiye. TB nhwehwɛmu hwehwɛ sɛ wowɔ mmoawa a wɔde nsamanwaw ba, a wɔfrɛ no Mycobacterium tuberculosis , wɔ wo nipadua mu anaa.

Akwan titiriw abien na ɛwɔ hɔ a wɔfa so yɛ sɔhwɛ yi.

1. Honam ani nhwehwɛmu: Wɔsan frɛ eyi Mantoux sɔhwɛ .

2. Mogya mu nhwehwɛmu: Wɔfrɛ eyi Interferon-Gamma Release Assay (IGRA) .

Wɔtaa yɛ honam ani nhwehwɛmu no wɔ mmofra a wonnii mfe 5. Nanso, nnansa yi, titiriw wɔ akwahosan ho adwumayɛfo, wɔn a wɔn nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no ayɛ mmerɛw, anaa wɔn a wɔnom nnuru a esiw nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa ano no, wɔtaa yɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu yi nso.

Hena na ɔpɛ sɛ ɔyɛ sɔhwɛ yi?

Ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛkamfo nhwehwɛmu yi akyerɛ sɛ wowɔ nsamanwaw ho sɛnkyerɛnne anaasɛ asiane kɛse wom sɛ wubenya nsamanwaw a. Ebia adwumayɛbea ahorow bi te sɛ ayaresabea ne mmeae a wɔhwɛ mmofra nso bɛhwehwɛ sɛ woyɛ sɔhwɛ yi ansa na woafi adwuma ase.

Ebia wobɛkɔ asiane kɛse mu sɛ wubenya TB sɛ:

• Sɛ woyɛ akwahosan ho adwumayɛfo a wo ne ayarefo di nkitaho a.
• Sɛ wote anaa woyɛ adwuma wɔ baabi a nsamanwaw abu so (e.g. mmeae a nnipa ahyɛ hɔ ma te sɛ nkwakoraa ne mmerewa fie, afiase).
• Sɛ wo ne obi a ɔwɔ nsamanwaw a ɛyɛ nnam adi nkitaho a .
• Sɛ wowɔ aduruyɛ mu tebea bi a ɛma wo nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no yɛ mmerɛw , anaasɛ worenom nnuru a ɛyɛ saa.
• Sɛ woatu kwan akɔ ɔman bi a nsamanwaw abu so nkyɛe (te sɛ aman bi a ɛwɔ Asia anaa Afrika) a, ɛho hia paa sɛ woka akwantu yi ho asɛm kyerɛ wo duruyɛfo.

Sɛ wususuw sɛ wowɔ asiane mu ma eyi a, hwɛ hu sɛ wo ne wo duruyɛfo bɛkasa afa ho.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔyɛ TB nhwehwɛmu no ankasa?

Sɔhwɛ ahorow abien no nyinaa yɛ adwuma wɔ nnyinasosɛm koro so. Ɛne sɛ, wɔsusuw sɛnea wo nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no yɛ n’ade wɔ antigens a efi TB mmoawa no mu ho. Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, antigen yɛ biribi a ɛyɛ ahɔho ma yɛn nipadua. Sɛ ɛhyɛn nipadua no mu a, yɛn nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no fi ase ko tia. Saa ɔko yi ne nea yɛde sɔhwɛ yi susuw.

Mantoux sɔhwɛ

Sɛ wopɛ nhwehwɛmu yi a, ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn mprenu wɔ nnansa kosi nnansa ntam.

• Da a edi kan no:
• Oduruyɛfo anaa ɔyarehwɛfo bi bɛhohoro honam ani a ɛwɔ wo nsa no mu, wo nsateaa ase, na afei ɔde ade ketewaa bi de nsu kakraa bi ahyɛ wo honam ani. Wɔfrɛ saa nsu yi PPD (protein a wɔatew ho) .
• Mma ɛnhaw wo, mmoawa a wɔte ase nni eyi mu. Ɛremma woyare.
• Ahurututu ketewaa bi bɛda adi wɔ baabi a wɔde aduru no bɛhyɛ no. Ɛbɛyera wɔ nnɔnhwerew kakraa bi mu. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a mede kyerɛwdua twa beae no ho hyia sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a ɛbɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ mɛhu wɔ nna mmienu akyi.

• Da a ɛto so abien (a ɛda nnɔnhwerew 48 kosi 72 ntam no):
• Ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn bio. Ɔbɛhwɛ sɛ ebia honam ani yare bi wɔ baabi a wɔde injection no maa no anaa.
• Sɛ woanya TB mmoawa no pɛn a, ebia beae no bɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ, ɛho ahonhon kakra, na ɛho ahonhon a ɛbɛma woatumi akura wo nsa .
• Ɛyɛ ahyɛde sɛ wobɛkɔ sɔhwɛ a ɛto so abien yi. Sɛ woankɔ wɔ nnɔnhwerew 72 ntam a, ɛsɛ sɛ wosan yɛ sɔhwɛ no bio fi mfiase efisɛ wontumi mfa nea efi mu ba no mma pɛpɛɛpɛ.

Mogya mu nhwehwɛmu (IGRA Nhwehwɛmu) .

Eyi te sɛ mogya a wɔde ma sɛnea ɛsɛ. Ntɛmntɛm paa.

• Ɔyarehwɛfo benya ntini bi a ɛnyɛ den sɛ wobɛtwe mogya afi wo nsateaa mu.
• Wɔhohoro baabi a ɛwɔ no, wɔde ade ketewaa bi hyɛ mu, na wɔboaboa mogya kakra ano wɔ afiri bi mu. Wobɛte ɛyaw kakra nka bere a wɔde ade no ahyɛ mu no.
• Sɛ wɔtwe mogya no wie a, woyi ade no, wɔde kotokuo bi mia baabi no, na wɔde plaster gu so.
• Ade no nyinaa nnye nea ɛboro simma anum.
• Afei wɔde wo mogya no kɔ aduruyɛdan mu. Wɔde fra TB antigens na wɔsɔ hwɛ sɛ ebia wo nkwammoaa no yi protein bi a wɔfrɛ no interferon-gamma . Wo duruyɛfo bɛka nea ebefi mu aba no ho asɛm akyerɛ wo bere a wɔasan aba no.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na yɛbɛte nea efi mu ba no ase?

Nea efi sɔhwɛ bi mu ba betumi ayɛ "Negative" anaa "Positive" .

• Nea efii mu bae a enye:
• Wei kyerɛ sɛ wo nipadua no nkyerɛɛ sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ biara wɔ TB mmoawa no ho. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ ɛda adi kɛse sɛ TB mmoawa no nkɔɔ wo nipadua mu.
• Nanso, sɛ wowɔ TB ho sɛnkyerɛnne a, ebia oduruyɛfo no bɛda so ara ayɛ nhwehwɛmu pii, sɛ nea efi mu ba no nyɛ papa mpo a.

• Adepa a efii mu bae:
• Eyi kyerɛ sɛ wo nipadua no ayɛ n’ade wɔ TB mmoawa no ho. Ɛno kyerɛ sɛ, w’asetra mu bere bi no, TB mmoawa no akɔ wo nipadua mu.
• Ɛtɔ da bi a, BCG vaccine a yɛn nsa kaa bere a na yɛyɛ mmofra no betumi ama wɔanya atoro-a ɛyɛ papa wɔ honam ani nhwehwɛmu mu.

Sɛ nhwehwɛmu no yɛ papa a, dɛn na ɛba akyi?

Sɛ nhwehwɛmu no yɛ papa a, wo duruyɛfo no bɛyɛ nhwehwɛmu pii bio de akyerɛ sɛ wowɔ yare bi a ɛyɛ nnam anaa.

• Chest X-ray: Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wobɛhwɛ sɛ nsakrae biara aba ahurututu no mu anaa.
• Nsuo mu Nhwehwɛmu:Hwɛ wo nsuo mu sɛ TB mmoawa anaa.

Wɔ nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi akyi no, oduruyɛfo no behu sɛ ebia wowɔ tebea bi a ahintaw anaasɛ ɛyɛ adwuma na wafi ase ayɛ ayaresa a ɛfata. Ayaresa ahorow wɔ hɔ ma tebea abien no nyinaa.

Bere a ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn

Sɛ wowɔ sɛnkyerɛnne bi a ɛfa nsamanwaw ho, anaasɛ wususuw sɛ ebia woanya obi a ɔwɔ TB a, kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm ara sɛnea wubetumi.

Hwɛ yiye wɔ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow te sɛ eyinom ho:

• Ɔfe a ɛtra hɔ bɛboro adapɛn abien
• Koko mu yaw
• Mu duru a wɔtew so a ntease biara nnim
• Atiridii kakra a ɛba anwummere
• Anadwo fifiri a ɛba

Sɛ wɔansa nsamanwaw yiye a, ebetumi akum obi. Nanso asɛmpa no ne sɛ, sɛ wonom aduru a wo duruyɛfo akyerɛw ama wo no bere a wɔakyerɛw ama wo no a, wubetumi asa nsamanwaw koraa . Enti, mma wo ho nnpopo, na sɛ w’adwene mu yɛ wo naa a, ade a eye sen biara a ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ ne sɛ wobɛhwehwɛ aduruyɛ mu afotu.