PCR sɛgɛsɛgɛli ye mun ye? An ka kuma o kan cogo nɔgɔman na!

Ni an ye PCR daɲɛ mɛn, an bɛ miiri Covid banakisɛ de la, ɔnhɔn? Waati min na an tun ka kan ka sɔgɔsɔgɔninjɛ nɔrɔ an nugu la k’a jira ko rapɔɔri ka na... o tɛna ɲinɛ abada. Nka yala aw b’a dɔn ko PCR tɛ kɛ ka Covid dɔn dɔrɔn wa? Tiɲɛ na, nin ye sɛgɛsɛgɛli nafamaba ye min ye ɲɛtaa ba sɔrɔ furakɛli dɔnniya la. O la bi, an ka kuma nin PCR sɛgɛsɛgɛli in ye min ye, a bɛ se ka fɛn wɛrɛ minnu dɔn, ani a bɛ baara kɛ cogo min na cogo nɔgɔman na, i bɛ se ka min faamuya.

PCR ye mun ye nɔgɔya la?

Okey, an k'a Fɔ nin cogo la. Miiri k’a filɛ, i tun ka kan ka daɲɛ kelen sɔrɔ gafe kelen ɲɛ kelen kan, gafe ba caman kɔnɔ minnu bɛ gafemarayɔrɔba dɔ kɔnɔ. O tun bɛna gɛlɛya cogo di? A bɛ iko ka ADN walima ARN yɔrɔ fitinin dɔ sɔrɔ , o ye jamu ye min bɛ an farikolo kɔnɔ selilɛriw kɔnɔ.

PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) fɛɛrɛ bɛ o baara gɛlɛn nɔgɔya. O bɛ min kɛ, o ye an bɛ ADN walima ARN yɔrɔ fitinin min ɲini, o kopi kɛ siɲɛ ba kɛmɛ caman, hali siɲɛ miliyɔn caman (amplification). A bɛ i n’a fɔ ka ɲɛ sɔrɔ min kɔnɔ daɲɛ bɛ gafemarayɔrɔ gafe kɔnɔ, k’a bila fotokopi masin kɔnɔ, ka miliyɔn kelen ɲɔgɔn bɔ. O kɔ, ikomi o daɲɛ min sɔrɔli ka gɛlɛn, o bɛ yɔrɔ bɛɛ la sisan, an bɛ se k’a dɔn nɔgɔya la.

N’an y’a fɔ cogo nɔgɔman na, PCR ye sɛgɛsɛgɛli ye min bɛ selilɛri hakɛ fitininba dɔ ta an farikolo la, joli dɔ, walima nugulatumu dɔ, ka ADN walima ARN kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen dɔ falen a kɔnɔ cogo la min bɛ kɛ laboratuwari kɔnɔ walasa k’a dɔn n’a bɛ an ka sɛgɛsɛgɛli la walima n’a tɛ. Nin ye sɛgɛsɛgɛli ye min bɛ mɔgɔ sɛgɛn kosɛbɛ. O kɔrɔ ye ko a bɛ se ka banakisɛ in hali hakɛ fitininw dɔn. O fɛɛrɛ in bɛ sɛgɛsɛgɛli kulu dɔ la min bɛ wele ko Nucleic Acid Amplification Test (NAAT).

Bana jumɛnw bɛ se ka sɔrɔ ni PCR sɛgɛsɛgɛli ye?

Hali n’a y’a sɔrɔ ko PCR kɛra fɛn ye min diyara kosɛbɛ COVID banakisɛ fɛ, a bɛ baara kɛ ni a ye furakɛli diɲɛ kɔnɔ kabini san tan caman. Fɛn caman bɛ yen minnu bɛ se ka dɔn ni nin sɛgɛsɛgɛli in ye. An ka a kunba dɔw lajɛ.

Aw bɛ se ka sɛgɛsɛgɛli kɛ cogo di PCR sɛgɛsɛgɛli kama?

Aw bɛ sɛgɛsɛgɛli kɛ PCR sɛgɛsɛgɛli la cogo min na, o bɛ bɔ bana suguya min ɲinina. Sɛgɛsɛgɛli tacogo tɛ kelen ye bana kelen-kelen bɛɛ la.

A ka ca a la, aw man kan ka fɛn kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen kɛ walasa ka aw labɛn PCR sɛgɛsɛgɛli kama. Nka, a dɔw la, i n’a fɔ ni aw bɛ fɛn dɔ kɛ i n’a fɔ biyopisi, aw ka dɔgɔtɔrɔ bɛna laadilikan wajibiyalenw di aw ma ka kɔn o ɲɛ.

PCR fɛɛrɛ bɛ baara kɛ cogo di?

O bɛ ɲɛ, sisan an k’a lajɛ nin fɛɛrɛ kabakoma in bɛ baara kɛ cogo min na tiɲɛ na. Nin ye dɔnniyako ye dɔɔnin, nka n b’a ɲɛfɔ cogo nɔgɔman na.

1. Sɛgɛsɛgɛli labɛnni : Fɔlɔ, ADN walima ARN bɛ bɔ sɛgɛsɛgɛli la (joli, fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw, a ɲɔgɔnnaw) min bɔra aw la.

2. O ɲagaminen dilanni: O kɔfɛ, o ADN/ARN min bɔra ɲɔgɔn na, o bɛ ɲagami furakisɛ kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen dɔw la. o ɲagaminen in kɔnɔfɛnba ye anzimu ye min bɛ wele ko ADN Polimɛrɛzi . Nin de ye a kunba ye min bɛ fotokopi baara kɛ.

3. Sumaya ni nɛnɛ kɛcogo : Sisan, tubabufura fitinin min bɛ ni nin ɲagaminen ye, o bɛ bila masin kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen dɔ kɔnɔ. Nin masin in bɛ funteni kɔrɔta ani k’a jigin joona kosɛbɛ.

• Denaturation: Fɔlɔ, funteni bɛ bonya fo ka se degere 95 ɲɔgɔn ma. O bɛ kɛ sababu ye ka ADN fila ninnu fara ɲɔgɔn kan.
• Annealing: O kɔfɛ, funteni bɛ jigin fo ka se degere 55 ɲɔgɔn ma. O kɔfɛ, ADN yɔrɔ misɛnninw (primers) minnu bɛ bɛn an bɛ ADN yɔrɔ min ɲini, olu bɛ nɔrɔ ADN sɛrɛkiliw la minnu faralen don ɲɔgɔn kan.
• Sumaya seginni (Extension): O kɔ, funteni bɛ kɔrɔta fo ka se degere 72 ɲɔgɔn ma. O kɔfɛ, ADN polimerazi anzimu bɛ don ka ADN sɛrɛkili kura dilan ka bɔ o daminɛ na min bɛ bɛn ADN sɛrɛkili fɔlɔ ma.

4. Kopi kɛli: Sisan, ADN sɛrɛkili kelen kopi fila kɛra. O funteni-yɔrɔ in bɛ segin a yɛrɛ kan siɲɛ 30-40 ɲɔgɔn. Siginiden kelen kɔnɔ, ADN hakɛ bɛ caya siɲɛ fila. Fila bɛ kɛ naani ye, naani bɛ kɛ seegin ye, seegin bɛ kɛ tan ni wɔɔrɔ ye... Siginiden 30 ɲɔgɔn kɔfɛ, a ka ca ni miliyari kelen ye ka bɔ ADN kelen fɔlɔ la.

Sisan, o ADN/ARN yɔrɔ min tun ka dɔgɔ kojugu fɔlɔ, o kɛra fɛnba ye min tɛ se ka dɔn nɔgɔya la.

Yala PCR sɛgɛsɛgɛli suguya dɔw bɛ yen wa?

Ɔwɔ, suguya fila de bɛ yen kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la, an ka kan ka minnu dɔn.

• Reverse-transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR): Banakisɛ dɔw, i n’a fɔ Covid, influenza, ani HIV, u ka jamu kunnafoniw bɛ sɔrɔ ARN kɔnɔ sanni ka kɛ ADN kɔnɔ. PCR normal bɛ se ka ADN dɔrɔn de kopi kɛ. O la, i bɛ min kɛ RT-PCR la, o ye ka fɔlɔ ka baara kɛ ni anzimu kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen dɔ ye (`Reverse Transcriptase`) walasa k’o ARN ‘yɛrɛyɛrɛ’ ka kɛ ADN ye. ADN min bɛ sɔrɔ o la, o bɛ wele ko ADN dafalen (ADNc). O kɔfɛ, PCR kɛcogo nɔgɔman bɛ kɛ.

• PCR waati yɛrɛ la / PCR hakɛlama (Q-PCR): Nin ye fɛɛrɛ ye min ka bon dɔɔnin. Min bɛ kɛ o la, o ye ko ni ADN bɛ kopi kɛ, taamasiyɛn dɔ bɛ nɔrɔ a la min bɛ wele ko fluorescent. Ni ADN min bɛ kopi kɛ, o hakɛ bɛ caya, o fluorescence fana bɛ bonya. Masina bɛ se ka o fluorescence in suman. O la, k’an to makɔnɔni na, o kɔrɔ ye ko waati yɛrɛ la , an bɛ se k’a ye ni ADN min bɛ tali kɛ o la, o bɛ sɔrɔ sɛgɛsɛgɛli la walima ni a tɛ yen. O dɔrɔn tɛ, a bɛ se fana ka hakilina gɛlɛn di banakisɛ hakɛ min tun bɛ sɛgɛsɛgɛli fɔlɔ la (banakisɛ hakɛ). A ka c’a la, RT-PCR sɛgɛsɛgɛli min bɛ kɛ waati yɛrɛ la , n’o bɛ nin fɛɛrɛ fila bɛɛ fara ɲɔgɔn kan, o bɛ kɛ ka Covid dɔn.

PCR ka kunnafoni kɔrɔ ye mun ye?

A nafa ka bon kosɛbɛ ka PCR rapɔɔri faamuya ni aw ye a sɔrɔ.

• Detected / Positive: Ni i ka kunnafoni ko "Detected" walima "Positive", o kɔrɔ ye ko i ka sample kɔnɔ, banakisɛ walima u tun bɛ fɛn min ɲini, o yɔrɔ dɔw tun bɛ yen. N’a fɔra cogo nɔgɔman na, n’a sɔrɔ banakisɛ in bɛ aw la.

• Not Detected / Negative: O kɔrɔ ye ko ADN/ARN yɔrɔ minnu bɛ tali kɛ o la, olu ma se ka sɔrɔ sɛgɛsɛgɛli kɛlen na. O kɔrɔ ye ko a ka ca a la o banakisɛ tɛ aw la.

A bɛ waati hakɛ min ta walasa ka jaabiw sɔrɔ, o bɛ danfara ka kɛɲɛ ni sɛgɛsɛgɛli ye min bɛ kɛ. A ka ca a la nugulafura (i n’a fɔ COVID, kunfilanitu) bɛ nɔ bɔ lɛri 24 kɔnɔ. Nka, joli sɛgɛsɛgɛli ni biyɔpisi walasa ka jamu banaw ɲini, o bɛ se ka dɔgɔkun kelen walima ka tɛmɛ o kan.

Ni ɲininkali walima haminanko dɔw bɛ aw fɛ PCR sɛgɛsɛgɛli walima a jaabiw kan, aw ye aw jija ka kuma aw ka dɔgɔtɔrɔ fɛ o ko la.