Breast Cancer Screening: Let's find out exactly what this is!

When we hear the word ' breast cancer ', every woman is a little scared, that's true. But the most important thing we all need to know is that the sooner this disease is detected, the greater the chance of successful treatment and complete recovery. In fact, early detection can save thousands of lives. So, putting fear aside and becoming fully informed is the best thing we can do.

Why is early detection so important?

Simply put, if we catch cancer before it takes root in the body, that is, before it grows and spreads to other parts of the body, it is much easier to treat. If we do, the treatment you will have to undergo may also be less aggressive. For example, surgery may be able to remove the cancer alone. More aggressive treatments, such as chemotherapy or radiation, may not be needed.

What tests are available to diagnose breast cancer?

There are several ways to test for breast cancer. Let's take a look at what they are.

1. Self-exams

This is the simplest thing you can do at home. It means being aware of the normal appearance (look and feel) of your breasts. Then, if there is any change, for example, a new lump or a change in the skin, you can quickly recognize it.

• How to do it? Go to a mirror and look at your breasts carefully. Hold your hands in different positions (raised, placed on your hips). While bathing, apply soap and run your fingertips around your breasts and armpits in circles to see if you can feel any lumps or bumps.

However, many medical organizations now say that this is not something that should be done as a formal screening method. Because research has not proven its clear benefits. However, it is always good to be aware of your own body. If you notice any unusual changes, see your doctor immediately.

2. Clinical breast exams by a doctor

This is done by your doctor. You can do this even when you go for a regular checkup. Here, the doctor carefully examines both of your breasts, your armpit area, and your collarbone area to check for lumps or other abnormalities. He or she will also check for changes in the skin of your breasts and any discharge from your nipples. If there is any doubt, he or she will refer you for further tests.

3. Mammogram test

This is the main and most reliable way to detect breast cancer early. Simply put, a mammogram is a special X-ray test of the breasts. This test can detect even very small lumps that are not even noticeable, up to two years before they can be felt.

There are two types of mammograms :

• Screening Mammogram: This is done to check the risk of developing cancer after a certain age in healthy women who have no symptoms.
• Diagnostic Mammogram: This is done if you or your doctor notices a lump, pain, discharge, or other suspicious change in the breast, paying special attention to that area.

4. Breast MRI (Breast MRI)

This is not a test for everyone. An MRI is usually done in addition to a mammogram for women at high risk for breast cancer. Your doctor may recommend it in the following cases:

• If you have a history of breast or ovarian cancer in your family (such as your mother or sister).
• If you have dense breasts (meaning there is more glandular and fibrous tissue in your breasts than fat).
• If you have been diagnosed with a genetic mutation that increases your risk of cancer, such as `(BRCA1)` or `(BRCA2)`.
• If you have received radiation treatments to the chest area before the age of 30.

5. Breast Ultrasound

This is also a method used in addition to a mammogram. It helps women with dense breasts, especially those with dense breasts, to see things that are not visible on a mammogram. Also, since you cannot be exposed to X-rays during pregnancy, an ultrasound can be done even in such cases.

6. Thermography

This method uses an infrared camera to measure temperature changes in breast tissue. It is based on the concept that cancer cells are warmer where they are. However, major medical organizations, including the FDA in the United States, point out that it cannot be used alone as a reliable method for early detection of breast cancer. Therefore, it should not be considered a substitute for a mammogram.

Are there any risks in these tests?

As with any medical test, these tests carry some minor risks, and it's good to be aware of those as well.

So, when should I get a mammogram?

Okay, so now you're probably wondering, "When should I start getting screened?" There's some disagreement among health organizations about this. But generally speaking, it's best for women at average risk to start getting screened between the ages of 40 and 45.

This age may vary depending on your risk factors (family history, genetics, etc.). So before making a decision, be sure to talk to your doctor. He or she will give you the best advice based on your individual health situation. In general, it is a good idea to talk to your doctor about your risk even when you are 25 years old.

If there is a lump, how do you know for sure if it is cancerous?

If a breast lump or something suspicious is found during an examination, the only way to know with 100% certainty whether it is cancer is a biopsy .

In this, the doctor uses a small needle (sometimes through minor surgery) to remove a very small piece of tissue from the suspicious lump. The tissue is then tested in a laboratory to see if there are any cancer cells.

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