Do you also have small blisters on your skin that you are itching? Let's learn about this "Fungal Acne"!

Have you ever suddenly developed small red bumps on your skin, especially on your chest, back, and neck, and been itching them a lot? Sometimes you might think these are just regular pimples, but they could actually be something completely different. Today, we're going to talk about a skin condition that many people don't know about, but is quite common. That's "Fungal Acne."

What is "Fungal Acne"? Isn't it the same as regular acne (`acne vulgaris`)?

Simply put, "Fungal Acne" is an infection that occurs when a fungus (`fungus`) enters the hair follicles (the small holes where hairs come out) on our skin. Doctors call this `Malassezia folliculitis` or `Pityrosporum folliculitis`. The type of fungus that causes it is a yeast called `Malassezia`. Okay, now you're asking how this is different from regular acne. Many people confuse the two. Regular acne (`acne vulgaris`) occurs when our hair follicles become clogged with bacteria, oil, and dead skin cells. However, "Fungal Acne" is a fungal infection. The main difference is that the blisters that appear due to "Fungal Acne" are often itchy. Normal acne is rarely itchy. These bumps are small, red bumps (papules). Sometimes they can become larger and turn into white or yellow pus-filled bumps (pustules). These appear in clusters all at once. It is important to know the difference between the two because the treatments are completely different. Sometimes both types of acne can occur together. So it is important to know exactly which one is which.

Who is more likely to develop "Fungal Acne"?

Actually, anyone can develop this. However, it is especially common in young boys and young adult men (whose skin is usually oily). This is because this yeast called `Malassezia` (Malassezia) grows well on oily skin. Also, this yeast spreads very quickly on warm, moist, sweaty skin . So, people who live in hot, sweaty countries like ours are more likely to develop this condition. There are several other risk factors:

• For those who live in areas with hot and humid climates.
• For people whose immune system is weakened (e.g. due to certain diseases or certain medications).
• People who already have other fungal infections . For example, seborrheic dermatitis- If you have a severe condition like dandruff or `tinea versicolor` (a skin disease we also call "ringworm").
• For those who sweat a lot (hyperhidrosis).
• For those who frequently use oily moisturizers and sunscreens.
• For those who use antibiotics for a long time.

Why does this "fungal acne" occur? What are the causes?

We all naturally have small amounts of the yeast `Malassezia` on our skin. That's normal. However, the problem arises when our hair follicles are damaged in some way, or when they become blocked and this yeast grows too much. There are several ways that hair follicles can become damaged:

• When skin-to-skin contact increases (e.g., wearing tight clothing, certain exercises).
• If the skin is hot and humid for a long time (especially after sweating).
• Because of hair removal methods. For example, when `shaving` (removing hair from a beard or other places), `plucking` (removing hair with a tweezers) or `waxing` (removing hair by waxing).
• If you constantly touch and rub your skin.
• If you use a hot tub or whirlpool that is not well maintained.
• Wearing tight clothes, especially when sweating.

Additionally, the use of antibiotics can cause or worsen fungal acne. This is because our skin is home to both good bacteria and yeast. Antibiotics can sometimes reduce the number of good bacteria, allowing yeast to grow unchecked. Also, diseases or medications that weaken the immune system can make it harder for the body to control the growth of yeast. These factors also increase the risk of developing fungal acne.

What are the symptoms of "Fungal Acne"? How do you recognize it?

Fungal acne is a condition where many small blisters appear suddenly, like a rash. These blisters appear in clusters of the same size and shape. They are not all the same size as regular acne. Sometimes, you may see a red border or ring around each blister . Your skin may feel like this:

• Burning.
• Severe itching (`Itchy`). This is one of the main symptoms!
• Sometimes it's painful.

Although these blisters can appear anywhere on the skin, they are most often seen on:

• Chin.
• Chest.
• Forehead.
• Neck.
• Upper arms.
• In the shoulders.
• Upper back.

How does a doctor accurately diagnose this as "Fungal Acne"?

If you have these symptoms, it's best to see a primary care physician or dermatologist. A doctor will do the following to determine if it's Pityrosporum folliculitis or Fungal Acne:

• They will ask you about your symptoms and details like how long you've had them.
• Your skin will be examined carefully.
• Sometimes, a small sample of the skin (a `skin sample`) can be taken and looked at under a microscope. This can then be used to determine exactly whether the fungus is present.
• You can also use a special device called a `Wood's lamp`. This is like a small black light. When the light is held against the skin, the areas infected with the fungus glow yellow or green.

What are the treatments for "Fungal Acne"?

Dermatologists usually treat Malassezia folliculitis by prescribing either oral antifungal medications or topical antifungal medications. Oral antifungal medications are the most effective treatments. For example:

• `Fluconazole`
• `Itraconazole`

Topical treatments include antifungal creams or shampoos . These shampoos can be purchased at a pharmacy, or a doctor can prescribe a stronger shampoo. Sometimes a doctor may try topical treatments before prescribing oral medications. Examples:

• `Econazole` cream.
• Ketoconazole cream or shampoo.
• ` Selenium sulfide shampoo` - Although this is a shampoo used for dandruff, it is also used for "fungal acne ".

Some studies are also testing a treatment called ``photodynamic therapy (PDT)`` for fungal acne that has not responded to other treatments. This involves combining a light and a special drug (``photosensitizer``) to destroy harmful cells.

Can these treatments cause side effects?

Oral antifungal medications can sometimes cause side effects such as:

• Diarrhea
• Nausea and vomiting
• Stomach pain
• Very rarely, liver damage may occur.

Therefore, it is very important to take the medication exactly as prescribed by a doctor, for the prescribed period of time. If you experience any side effects, you should also tell your doctor immediately.

What can be done to prevent "Fungal Acne" from coming back?

These things can help reduce the occurrence of `Pityrosporum folliculitis` or `Fungal Acne`:

• After exercising and sweating, take a quick shower and change your clothes.
• When removing hair (shaving, plucking, waxing), be very careful not to injure the skin.
• If you use a hot tub, only use it in areas that are well-maintained and clean.
• After using your swimsuit, always wash it thoroughly, let it dry completely, and then reuse it.
• Wear loose clothing, especially on hot, humid days or when exercising. Tight clothing can trap sweat and increase the risk of fungus growth.

If you frequently get "fungal acne," a doctor may prescribe antifungal medications for long-term use.

Can Fungal Acne come back after it heals?

Yes, that's true. Topical and oral antifungal treatments are usually very effective. However, even after successful treatment, fungal acne can recur. Therefore, making hygiene changes and using an antifungal shampoo once a week can help prevent fungal acne from coming back. Talk to your doctor about this and get advice.

Is there anything I can do at home to reduce this itching and blistering?

There are a few simple things you can do at home to help reduce the symptoms of Fungal Acne and help the blisters heal faster. But remember, these are best done after talking to and getting approval from a doctor.

• Apply warm compresses to the blistered area several times a day. Soak a clean cloth in hot water, wring it out, and hold it on the area for a few minutes.
• Try to avoid things that damage hair follicles for about a month. For example, try to avoid things like shaving and wearing tight clothing for a while.

The most important thing is to talk to a doctor before trying any of these home remedies to make sure they are right for your condition, as sometimes these can actually make things worse.

Finally, things to remember (Take-Home Message)

Okay, so "Fungal Acne" or `Malassezia folliculitis` is a yeast infection that develops in our hair follicles. This is different from regular acne (`acne vulgaris`), because it is characterized by small, uniform blisters that appear in clusters and are itchy. If you have small blisters that appear suddenly and are accompanied by itching, and you think that it is not a regular acne, you should definitely see a doctor, especially a `dermatologist`. Then you can get an accurate diagnosis and receive the most appropriate treatment. Antifungal treatments and hygiene changes can help control this condition and prevent it from recurring. So, there is nothing to worry about, but it is important to be aware of it and get treatment on time.