Wannan labarin yana game da babban shugaba a cikin kwakwalwarka: kwakwalwa!

Shin kun san cewa kwakwalwa da ke cikin kanku wata babbar gaɓɓa ce mai ban mamaki? Kamar babbar kwamfuta ce. Don haka, mafi mahimmanci kuma mafi girma na wannan babbar na'ura ita ce ƙwayar kwakwalwa, ko abin da muke kira '(Cerebrum)'. Wannan ƙwayar kwakwalwa tana da hannu a kusan duk abin da kuke tunani da aikatawa. A yau, bari mu yi magana game da wannan babbar gaɓɓa ta hanya mai sauƙi da za ku iya fahimta.

Menene wannan babban kwakwalwa (Cerebrum)? A takaice dai...

A taƙaice dai, mafi girman ɓangaren kwakwalwarka shine kwakwalwa. Yana nan a gaba da saman kanka. Sunan ya fito ne daga kalmar Latin ta "kwakwalwa."

Tun daga lokacin da ka tashi da safe har zuwa lokacin da za ka kwanta da dare, duk abin da kake yi, duk abin da kake tunani da ji, duk wannan yana ƙarƙashin ikon babban kwakwalwa `(Cerebrum). A gaskiya ma, wannan kwakwalwa ce ke sa mu "mu", wannan kwakwalwa ce ke taimaka mana mu magance wannan duniyar. Masana kimiyya sun yi bincike kan wannan kwakwalwa tsawon shekaru. Sun ce har yanzu akwai abubuwa da yawa da za a gano. Amma, godiya ga sabbin fasaha da ci gaban kimiyyar likitanci, muna koyon sabbin abubuwa game da ita kowace rana.

Mene ne bambanci tsakanin cerebrum da cerebellum?

Yanzu za ka iya tunanin, "Akwai wasu sassan kwakwalwa?" Haka ne, wani muhimmin sashi ana kiransa cerebellum .

• Kwakwalwa: Wannan shine mafi girman ɓangaren kwakwalwa. Yana sama da gaban kwakwalwa. Yana sarrafa ayyukanmu na hankali da kuma hanyoyin tunaninmu .
• Cerebellum: Wannan ƙaramin ɓangare ne, wanda yake a bayan kai, a ƙasa. Yana musayar sigina da sauran sassan kwakwalwa da sauran jiki kuma yana sarrafa daidaiton jiki da motsi mai kyau. Ka yi tunanin abubuwa kamar lokacin da kake tafiya ko gudu.

A taƙaice dai, idan ka yi tunanin yin wani abu, ra'ayin ya fito ne daga kwakwalwa. Kwakwalwar kwakwalwa tana taimaka maka ka yi shi yadda ya kamata ba tare da ɓata lokaci ba.

Menene aikin kwakwalwa?

Ka yi tunanin hakan kamar babban ofishin jikinka. A nan ne kake yanke muhimman shawarwari da kuma sarrafa aikinka. Ka yi la'akari da abin da yake yi:

• Ikon sarrafa gaɓoɓinka guda biyar: abin da kake gani (gani), abin da kake ji (ji), abin da kake ƙamshi ( ƙamshi ), abin da kake ɗanɗana (ɗanɗano), da abin da kake ji a fatarka (taɓawa) duk kwakwalwa ce ke sarrafa su.
• Harshe: Za ka iya karatu, rubutu, da magana saboda sassa daban-daban na kwakwalwa.
• Ƙwaƙwalwar Aiki: Wannan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya ce ta ɗan gajeren lokaci. Misali, idan kana tunanin zuwa shago ka sayi wasu kayayyaki, wannan shine abin da ke taimaka maka ka tuna abubuwa kamar haka.
• Halayya da Halaye: Sashen gaba na kwakwalwa, wato gaban gaba, yana sarrafa halayenka da halayenka. Yana aiki kamar matattara, yana taimaka maka ka hana kanka faɗin ko yin abubuwan da za ka iya yin nadama daga baya.
• Motsi: Idan kana son motsa hannu ko ƙafa, ana aika siginar da ake buƙata zuwa ga tsokoki daga wasu sassan kwakwalwa.
• Koyo, tunani, da kuma magance matsaloli : Idan ka koyi wani sabon abu, ka yi shiri, ko kuma ka yi ƙoƙarin magance wata matsala, sassa daban-daban na kwakwalwa suna aiki tare.

Ta yaya cerebral ke aiki tare da sauran gabobi?

Kwakwalwar kwakwalwa ba ta aiki shi kaɗai. Tana aiki da sauran sassan kwakwalwa, musamman cerebellum, don sauƙaƙa ayyukanka na yau da kullun.

Ka yi tunanin kana ƙoƙarin ɗaukar alkalami da ke kan teburi. Kwakwalwar tana aika sigina zuwa ga tsokoki da ke hannunka don ɗaukar alkalami. Amma kwakwalwar tana taimaka wa hannunka ya motsa kai tsaye zuwa ga alkalami ya riƙe shi daidai, ba tare da ya motsa ba. Waɗannan motsin suna da kyau ta hanyar cerebellum.

Haka kuma, kwakwalwa ita ce ginshiƙin abubuwa kamar tunaninka na hankali, tsarawa, yanke shawarar motsa jiki, zaɓar abin da za ka ci, da kuma yin alƙawari don ganin likita. Saboda haka, kwakwalwa tana da matuƙar muhimmanci ga lafiya da walwalar dukkan jikinka.

Wasu abubuwa masu ban sha'awa da ba ku sani ba game da kwakwalwa!

• Wakiltar da ta haɗu: Wannan abu ne mai ban mamaki. Idan ka yi wani abu da gefe ɗaya na jikinka, ɗayan gefen kwakwalwarka ne ke sarrafa shi. Misali, idan wani ya sami bugun jini a gefen hagu na kwakwalwarsa, ana jin tasirin a gefen dama na jikinsa.
• Kwakwalwarka tana da sauƙin daidaitawa: Kwakwalwarka na iya "sake tsara kanta," ma'ana tana canza kanta. Wannan ikon yana da amfani wajen koyon sabbin abubuwa ko murmurewa daga rauni a kwakwalwa.
• Akwai takamaiman fannoni na kwakwalwa : sassa daban-daban na kwakwalwa suna da alhakin iyawa da baiwa daban-daban. Duk da haka, ra'ayin cewa wasu mutane "masu hankali na hagu" ko "masu hankali na dama" tatsuniya ce kuma ba a tabbatar da ita a kimiyyance ba.

Ina kwakwalwar take? Yaya take?

Kwakwalwar tana cikin kwanyarka, a saman da gaban kanka. Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, wannan shine mafi girman ɓangaren kwakwalwa.

Daga waje, saman kwakwalwa, ko kuma kwakwalwa ta kwakwalwa, galibi santsi ne, amma yana da wrinkles da yawa. Yana kama da goro wanda aka cire harsashin. An raba shi zuwa rabi biyu - hagu da dama. Akwai wani zurfin rami a tsakiyar waɗannan biyun. Waɗannan biyun biyun suna da alaƙa da tarin ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi da ake kira corpus callosum. A nan ne ake aika sakonni daga gefe ɗaya na kwakwalwa zuwa ɗayan.

Menene manyan sassan (lobes) na kwakwalwa?

Akwai manyan "lobes" guda biyar a duka sassan kwakwalwarka, kowannensu yana da takamaiman aiki.

• Gaban gaba: Wannan yana nan a gaban kai. Yana sarrafa hankali, sarrafa ɗabi'a (wato, fahimtar abin da ya dace da abin da bai dace ba), magana , da kuma wasu motsin tsoka.
• Lobe na parietal: Wannan yana saman kai. Yana sarrafa ji kamar taɓawa, zafin jiki, da zafi. Hakanan yana taimaka maka ganin duniyar da ke kewaye da kai, auna nisan da girman abubuwa. Hakanan yana da hannu a cikin abubuwa kamar sarrafa sauti, harsunan da kake magana, lambobi da ƙirgawa, tsara bayanai, da kuma yanke shawara.
• Lobe na wucin gadi: Wannan yana gefen kai. Yana taimaka mana mu fahimci harshe lokacin da wasu ke magana. Yana kuma taimaka mana mu gane mutane da abubuwa. Yana kuma taimaka mana mu haɗa motsin rai da abubuwan tunawa.
• Lobe mai kama da na ciki: Wannan yana cikin zurfin kwakwalwa, a ƙarƙashin goshin gaba, parietal, da occipital lobes. Yana sarrafa jin ɗanɗano. Ana kuma tsammanin yana taimakawa wajen sarrafa wasu motsin rai, kamar tausayi da jin daɗi.
• Lobe na Occipital: Wannan yana bayan kai. Yana sarrafa yawancin abubuwan da kake ji daga idanunka, kamar ganin motsi da ganin launuka.

Wasu muhimman tsare-tsare

Baya ga waɗannan sassan, cerebrum yana da wasu sifofi da dama waɗanda ke yin ayyuka na musamman:

• Kwakwalwar kwakwalwa: Wannan sirara ce ta kyallen tsokar jijiyoyi a saman kwakwalwa, kamar bawon itace.
• Thalamus: Wannan kamar "cibiyar sigina" ce a cikin kwakwalwa. Yana tsara bayanan da ke fitowa daga hankalinka (banda ƙamshi) sannan ya aika su zuwa sassan da suka dace na kwakwalwa. Jin ƙamshi yana tafiya kai tsaye zuwa kwakwalwa, ba ta hanyar thalamus ba.
• Hypothalamus:Yana ƙarƙashin thalamus. Yana kula da aikin tsarin jijiyoyi da tsarin endocrine. Duk waɗannan tsarin suna taimakawa wajen sarrafa sauran tsarin da ayyuka a cikin jiki. Misali, hypothalamus yana taimakawa wajen sarrafa abubuwa kamar zafin jikinka, bugun zuciya, da hawan jini.
• Hippocampus: Wannan tsari yana cikin lobe na temporal. Yana taimakawa wajen sarrafa abubuwan tunawa, adana su a sassa daban-daban na kwakwalwa, da kuma tunawa da su lokacin da kuke buƙatar su.

Me yasa kwakwalwa take da sassa da yawa? Me yasa ake raba wasu ayyuka zuwa sassa da dama?

Wataƙila kana mamaki, "Me yasa sassa daban-daban na kwakwalwa ke sarrafa wannan bayanin?" Dalilin shi ne cewa wannan bayanin yana da alaƙa da juna ta hanyoyi da yawa.

Ka yi tunanin, kana tafiya a kan titi sai ka ga babban macijin kwakwa. Nawa ne bayanai da kwakwalwarka za ta sarrafa a wannan lokacin, kuma me ya kamata ka yi don ka tsere daga wannan dabbar?

• Gani: Idanunka suna ganin macijin. Kwakwalwa da farko tana ɗaukar wannan bayanin ta fara aika shi zuwa wasu sassan kwakwalwa. A lokaci guda, kana ganin abubuwa kamar nisan dabbar, ko tana motsi, da kuma yadda take zuwa da sauri.
• Ji: Kana jin sautin kurajen macizai, ko wani sautin daban.
• Tunawa: Kwakwalwarka tana fara kwatanta abin da kake gani da wani abu da ka taɓa gani a baya, ko wani abu makamancin haka. Misali, idan ba ka taɓa ganin maciji ba, amma ka taɓa ganin maciji, za ka tuna da wannan abin da ya faru. Kuma ka san cewa dabba ce mai haɗari. Kwakwalwarka tana adana abin da kake fuskanta a yanzu, da fatan cewa bayanin zai yi amfani a nan gaba.
• Harshe: Wannan ɓangaren kwakwalwa yana taimaka maka ka ambaci sunan abin da kake gani, musamman lokacin da ka yi wa waɗanda ke kewaye da kai ihu, "Wannan maciji ne!"
• Shawarwari da hukunci: Ka yanke shawarar cewa ba shi da kyau ka kasance kusa da maciji, don haka kana buƙatar guje masa.
• Motsi: Kwakwalwarka tana aika sakonni ga tsokoki na ƙafafu, tana gaya maka ka gudu zuwa wuri mai aminci.

Ka gani, nawa sassan kwakwalwa ke aiki tare a lokaci guda!

Yaya girman kwakwalwa yake? Nawa ne nauyinsa? Da me aka yi shi?

Matsakaicin kwakwalwar manya tana da girman kusan sau uku zuwa huɗu fiye da ƙwallon baseball. Don haka, kusan kashi 80% na jimillar kwakwalwa tana cikin kwakwalwa. Wannan yana nufin girmanta ya ninka sau uku fiye da ƙwallon baseball.

Dangane da nauyi, matsakaicin kwakwalwar manya tana da nauyin tsakanin fam 2.6 zuwa 3.1 (kilogram 1.2 da 1.4). Kwakwalwar kwakwalwa kaɗai tana da nauyin kimanin fam 2 zuwa 2.5 (kilogram 0.9 zuwa 1.1).

Nau'in kwakwalwa ya ƙunshi:

• Ruwa (ruwa) - kusan kashi 77%
• Lipids - kusan kashi 11%
• Sunadaran - kusan 8%
• Sauran abubuwa - kusan 4%

Wadanne cututtuka da yanayi ne suka fi shafar kwakwalwa?

Duk wani yanayi da ke shafar kwakwalwarka zai iya shafar kwakwalwa. Wannan ya haɗa da matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa. Wasu manyan misalai sune:

• Cutar Alzheimer
• Matsalolin Damuwa
• Rashin Hankali da Rashin Hankali (ADHD)
• bugun jini
• Lalacewar kwakwalwa sakamakon raunin kai (Raunin kwakwalwa da raunin kwakwalwa - TBI)
• Cututtukan da aka haifa (misali cutar Menkes)
• Ciwon hauka
• Damuwa
• Juyawar kai (vertigo)
• Farfadiya
• Cututtukan garkuwar jiki da kumburi (misali, fibromyalgia)
• Cututtukan gado (cututtukan da aka gada daga iyaye, misali cutar Wilson)
• Kamuwa da cuta (wanda ƙwayoyin cuta, ƙwayoyin cuta, ƙwayoyin cuta, fungi ke haifarwa)
• Cutar Parkinson
• Matsalar damuwa bayan tashin hankali (PTSD)
Schizophrenia - motsin rai `(Schizophrenia)`
• Rashin bitamin da matsalolin abinci mai gina jiki (misali, rashin bitamin B12, hypothyroidism)

Wadanne alamomi ne za su iya tasowa a irin wannan yanayi?

Alamomi iri-iri na iya faruwa idan aka sami matsala a kwakwalwa. Wasu daga cikin alamomin da aka fi sani sun haɗa da:

• Aphasia: Idan cibiyoyin magana na kwakwalwa suka lalace, yana iya zama da wahala a yi magana da fahimtar abin da wasu ke faɗa.
• Ataxia: Wannan rashin daidaito ne na motsin jiki. Wannan na iya haifar da tuntuɓewa, rashin daidaito, da kuma wahalar yin ayyuka na yau da kullun da hannuwa.
• Canje-canje a cikin halaye da ruɗani.
• Jin jiri.
• Ciwon kai da kuma ciwon kai.
• Matsalolin ƙwaƙwalwa.
• Shanyewar jiki: Wannan na iya shafar sassa daban-daban na jiki.
• Girgiza jiki: Idan aka rasa daidaiton tsoka, sassan jiki, musamman hannaye, na iya yin rawar jiki.
• Wahalar mai da hankali, tunani.
• Matsalolin gani: Kwakwalwa ce ke da alhakin sarrafa idanunka da kuma yadda kwakwalwarka ke sarrafa abin da kake gani. Matsalolin gani na iya kamawa daga rashin gani zuwa karkacewa zuwa makanta.

Wadanne gwaje-gwaje ake yi don duba lafiyar kwakwalwa?

Akwai gwaje-gwaje da yawa da zasu iya taimakawa wajen gano cututtukan da ke shafar kwakwalwarka, ko kuma kwakwalwa. Gwaje-gwajen da aka fi yi sune:

• Gwaje-gwajen jini: Waɗannan na iya duba matsalolin tsarin garkuwar jiki da guba, musamman ƙarfe kamar jan ƙarfe, a cikin jiki.
• CT scan (Na'urar daukar hoton kwamfuta)
• Misali `(EEG - Electroencephalogram)`
• EMG (Electromyogram)
• Gwajin yuwuwar da aka haifar
• Gwajin Halittar Halitta
• MRI (Hoton maganadisu)
• Scan PET (scan Positron emission tomography)
• Nazarin barci
• Hudawar ƙashin baya (huda ta baya)
• X-ray

Menene hanyoyin magance wannan?

Maganin kwakwalwa yana da bambanci kamar cututtuka da alamun da suke haifarwa. Suna kama da maganin rigakafi don kamuwa da ƙwayoyin cuta zuwa radiation da chemotherapy don ciwon kwakwalwa. Maganin da ke taimakawa wata cuta na iya ƙara ta'azzara wata. Saboda haka, babu maganin "daidai-dai" ga matsalolin kwakwalwa. Likitanka zai tantance maganin da ya fi dacewa da kai.

Ta yaya zan kiyaye lafiyar kwakwalwata? (Wannan wani abu ne da nake buƙatar tunawa!)

Akwai abubuwa da dama da za ku iya yi don kiyaye lafiyar kwakwalwarku. Ku yi tunanin waɗannan a matsayin "saƙon da za ku ɗauka a gida":

• Cin abinci mai kyau: Wasu bitamin, musamman rashin bitamin B12, na iya shafar kwakwalwarka, wato, kwakwalwa, kuma su haifar da manyan matsaloli. Saboda haka, yana da matukar muhimmanci a ci abinci mai gina jiki.
• Ka kasance mai motsa jiki kuma ka kula da lafiyayyen nauyi: Matsalolin da ke tattare da tsarin jijiyoyin jini da zuciyarka suma na iya shafar kwakwalwarka. Shanyewar jiki misali ne mai kyau na wannan. Sau da yawa shanyewar jiki yana faruwa ne sakamakon matsalolin zuciya. Za ka iya rage wannan haɗarin ta hanyar kasancewa mai motsa jiki da kuma kiyaye lafiyayyen nauyi.
• Kada ku yi watsi da cututtuka: Ku yi magani kuma ku warkar da cututtuka, musamman waɗanda ke cikin idanu da kunnuwa, cikin sauri. Idan waɗannan cututtuka suka bazu zuwa kwakwalwa, suna iya zama masu haɗari har ma da barazana ga rayuwa.
• Shan magungunan da aka rubuta maka kamar yadda aka rubuta maka: Wasu magunguna na iya yin illa ga kwakwalwarka idan aka sha su ba daidai ba. Saboda haka, yana da muhimmanci ka sha magungunanka daidai yadda likitanka ya rubuta maka. Idan ka ga wasu sabbin alamu da ka iya alaƙa da kwakwalwarka, ka ga likita nan da nan.
• Sanya kayan kariya idan ya zama dole: Raunin kai na iya haifar da mummunan lahani ga kwakwalwa. Raguwa ko Raunin Kwakwalwa Mai Rauni (TBI) na iya faruwa. Sanya kayan kariya, musamman kwalkwali, yayin aiki ko wasa na iya taimakawa wajen kare kwakwalwarka daga irin waɗannan raunuka.
• A guji shan taba, shan barasa mai yawa, da kuma shan miyagun ƙwayoyi gaba ɗaya:Shan taba da amfani da kayayyakin taba yana ƙara haɗarin kamuwa da cututtukan zuciya da jijiyoyin jini. Yawan shan barasa yana da guba ga kwakwalwarka. Hakanan yana ƙara haɗarin kamuwa da bugun jini, matsalolin ƙwaƙwalwa, rawar jiki, da matsalolin daidaitawa. Shan miyagun ƙwayoyi na iya lalata kwakwalwarka, yana ƙara haɗarin kamuwa da farfadiya da bugun jini.

Ka tuna: Kwakwalwarka ita ce mafi muhimmanci a jikinka. Nauyinka ne ka kare ta.

Don haka, za ku iya ganin cewa kwakwalwa wata gabobi ce mai ban mamaki da rikitarwa wadda ke taimaka mana da duk abin da muke yi a kullum. Duk da cewa masana kimiyya sun gano abubuwa da yawa game da ita, har yanzu akwai abubuwa da yawa da za a gano. Amma labari mai daɗi shine cewa tare da ci gaban fasaha da magani, ana bayyana waɗannan asirai a hankali. Wannan yana nufin cewa wannan ilimin yana taimaka wa likitoci su gano da kuma magance matsalolin lafiyar ku, da kuma hana matsalolin da za su taso a nan gaba.

Cerebrum , cerebrum, sassan kwakwalwa, aikin kwakwalwa, tsarin juyayi, cututtukan kwakwalwa, lafiyar kwakwalwa