Jijiya mai mahimmanci a saman jikinka: jijiyar brachiocephalic.

Shin kun taɓa tunanin yadda zagayawar jini a jikinmu take da sarkakiya da mahimmanci? Akwai wani tsari na musamman na jijiyoyin jini wanda ke taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kawo jini daga saman jikinmu, wato, daga kai, wuya, da hannaye zuwa zuciya. Wani muhimmin ɓangare na wannan tsarin ana kiransa da Brachiocephalic Vein . Wasu mutane kuma suna kiransa da "Innominate Vein". Bari mu yi magana game da wannan a hankali kuma cikin kirki a yau.

Menene wannan jijiyar brachiocephalic?

A taƙaice dai, jijiyar brachiocephalic ɗinka wani ɓangare ne na tsarin zagayawar jini na saman jikinka. Jijiya ce mai haɗin gwiwa , ma'ana akwai jijiyoyi biyu a kowane gefe na jikinka, a gefen dama da hagu.

• Jijiyoyin Brachiocephalic na Dama
• Jijiyoyin Brachiocephalic na Hagu

Waɗannan jijiyoyin brachiocephalic na dama da hagu suna haɗuwa don taimakawa wajen ɗaukar jinin da ba shi da iskar oxygen daga saman jikinka, wato, kai, wuyanka, da hannuwanka, zuwa zuciyarka. Ka yi tunanin hakan kamar jerin ƙananan hanyoyi ne da suka haɗu don samar da babbar hanya.

Menene aikin wannan jijiya?

Babban aikin jijiyoyin brachiocephalic ɗinku, kamar yadda na ambata a baya, shine ɗaukar jinin da ya ƙare da iskar oxygen daga kanku, wuyanku, da hannuwanku zuwa zuciyarku. Waɗannan jijiyoyin a zahiri ƙananan sassa ne guda biyu, amma masu mahimmanci, na babban tsarin jijiyoyin jini wanda ke ɗauke da jini a cikin saman jikinku. Ku yi tunaninsa kamar dogon bututu mai sassa da yawa da aka haɗa da juna. Idan kun yanke wani ɓangare a tsakiya, babu abin da zai gudana ta cikin bututun gaba ɗaya, ko ba haka ba? Haka dukkan jijiyoyin jikinmu ke aiki tare don kiyaye jinin yana tafiya yadda ya kamata. Kowace jijiya tana taimakawa wajen ɗaukar jinin a kan hanya madaidaiciya, zuwa wurin da ya dace.

Ta yaya jini ke tafiya?

Yanzu bari mu ga yadda jijiyar brachiocephalic ke da hannu a cikin wannan babban abu. 1. Jijiyoyin brachiocephalic na dama da na hagu sun haɗu don samar da babban jijiyar da ake kira Superior Vena Cava ɗinku. Wannan yana saman zuciyarku, kuma yana faɗaɗa ƙasa yana tattara jini a cikin ɗakin sama a gefen dama na zuciyarku, atrium na dama . 2. Daga nan, jininku yana tafiya ta gefen dama na zuciyarku zuwa huhu don ɗaukar iskar oxygen. 3. Bayan ya ɗauki iskar oxygen, jinin yana komawa zuwa zuciya, sannan ventricle na hagu yana tura wannan jinin a cikin jikinku. Don haka, za ku iya gani, jijiyar brachiocephalic muhimmiyar matsakaici ce da ke taimaka wa jininku ya ratsa zuciyarku, ta cikin huhunku, kuma a ƙarshe a cikin jikinku.

Ta yaya ake samar da wannan jijiyar brachiocephalic?

Jijiyar subclavian (wannan jijiya ce da ke gudana a ƙarƙashin ƙashin wuya) da kuma jijiyar jugular ta ciki(Wannan babban jijiyar ce a wuya) Jijiyar brachiocephalic tana samuwa ne lokacin da jijiyoyi biyu suka haɗu. Wannan haɗin yana faruwa daban-daban a gefen dama da hagu na jikinka.

Ina ne jijiyar brachiocephalic take?

Waɗannan jijiyoyin brachiocephalic suna cikin babban ƙirjinka, a cikin jikinka. Suna nan a ƙasa da ƙashin wuyanka (clavicle), kusa da kafadunka. Ga yadda suke farawa:

• Jijiya ta brachiocephalic ta dama: Nan ne jijiyar subclavian ta dama da jijiyar jugular ta ciki ta dama suka haɗu. Tana gudana kai tsaye, zuwa ga zuciya .
• Jijiyoyin Brachiocephalic na Hagu: Nan ne jijiyarka ta hagu da jijiyar ciki ta hagu suka haɗu. Wannan ya ɗan fi ɗayan tsayi kaɗan, kuma yana ɗaukar hanya daban. Yana tafiya a kwance, a ɗan kusurwar ƙasa, don haɗuwa da jijiyar brachiocephalic ta dama. A kan hanya, yana wucewa ta gefen aortic ɗinka da kuma gaban jijiyoyin carotid ɗinka ( babban jijiyoyin wuyanka). Sannan yana haɗuwa da jijiyar brachiocephalic ta dama. Nan ne babban vena cava ya fara.

Wadanne sauran jijiyoyin da ke haɗuwa da jijiyoyin brachiocephalic?

Jinin da ke fitowa daga ƙananan jijiyoyin jini da yawa yana haɗuwa da waɗannan jijiyoyin brachiocephalic. Wasu daga cikinsu sune:

• Jijiyoyin Jugular na Ciki
• Jijiyoyin Subclavian
• Jijiyoyin Thyroid na Ƙasa na Hagu da Dama
• Jijiyoyin Ƙwaƙwalwa na Hagu da Dama (wanda kuma ake kira da Jijiyoyin Mammary na Ciki)
• Jijiyoyin Hagu da Dama na Vertebral
• Jijiyar Intercostal Mafi Girma ta Hagu

Duk waɗannan jijiyoyin suna ɗauke da jini wanda ya rasa iskar oxygen kuma yana buƙatar komawa zuwa zuciya.

Yaya girman wannan jijiyoyin yake?

Jijiyoyin brachiocephalic na dama da hagu sun ɗan bambanta a girmansu.

• Jijiya ta brachiocephalic ta dama tana da tsawon santimita 2 zuwa 3. Ka yi tunani a kai, tsawonta ya kai kimanin allunan aspirin guda biyu da ake sakawa a gefe da gefe.
• Jijiyoyin brachiocephalic na hagu sun fi tsayi, kimanin santimita 6.

Daga ina aka yi jijiyar brachiocephalic?

Kamar sauran jijiyoyinka, waɗannan jijiyoyin brachiocephalic sun ƙunshi layuka uku waɗanda suka ƙunshi nau'ikan nama da zare guda uku:

• Tunica Adventitia (layin waje): Wannan shine abin da ke ba wa jijiya siffarta da tsarinta.
• Tunica Media (tsakiyar Layer):Yana ɗauke da ƙwayoyin tsoka masu santsi. Waɗannan su ne abin da ke ba da damar jijiyar ta faɗaɗa ko ta yi ƙunci yayin da jini ke ratsa ta.
• Tunica Intima (Layer na ciki): Wannan yana da rufin da aka yi da ƙwayoyin endothelial masu santsi. Wannan yana ba da damar jini ya motsa cikin sauƙi ta cikin jijiyar ba tare da wani cikas ba.

Abu mafi mahimmanci, jijiyoyin brachiocephalic ba su da bawuloli kamar yawancin sauran jijiyoyinka. Bawuloli suna hana jinin ya gudana baya ne kawai.

Mene ne bambancin anatomical a cikin jijiyoyin brachiocephalic?

Wasu mutane ana haihuwarsu da wasu bambance-bambancen jiki a cikin jijiyoyin brachiocephalic ɗinsu. Ɗaya daga cikin mafi yawan shine jijiyoyin brachiocephalic na retroaortic . Wannan yana faruwa ne lokacin da jijiyoyin brachiocephalic na hagu suka gudana ƙarƙashin baka na aortic maimakon a saman sa, kamar yadda yake yi a al'ada. Don haka, maimakon gudu a gaban aorta mai hawa ( ɓangaren farko na aorta), wannan jijiyoyin suna gudana a bayansa. Waɗannan bambance-bambancen jijiyoyin brachiocephalic suna faruwa a cikin kimanin jarirai 1 cikin 250. Idan waɗannan bambance-bambancen ne kawai suke akwai, wato, idan babu wata cutar zuciya, yawanci ba sa haifar da wata illa. Amma galibi waɗannan canje-canjen ana ganin su a cikin jarirai masu cutar zuciya ta haihuwa (CHD) . Wasu daga cikin waɗannan cututtukan sune:

• Bambancin Aortic Arch, kamar Double Aortic Arch.
• Rami tsakanin atria ko tsakanin ventricles (Ciwon Atrial Septal ko Ciwo a Ventricular Septal)
• Haɗakar Aorta.
• Tetralogy of Fallot (mai yiwuwa tare da atresia na huhu).
• Jimillar Dawowar Jijiyoyin Huhu Marasa Lafiya.
• Ciwon Zuciya na Truncus.

Kimanin kashi 60% na waɗannan lamuran sun shafi ƙananan cututtukan zuciya (CHD). Duk da haka, wasu jarirai na iya samun mummunan ciwon zuciya (CHD) wanda ke buƙatar magani ko tiyata.

Me yasa waɗannan canje-canjen suke da mahimmanci?

Waɗannan canje-canjen tsarin jiki a cikin jijiyoyin brachiocephalic suna da matuƙar muhimmanci idan kuna buƙatar yin wasu tiyata ko hanyoyin likita. Misali:

• Idan aka haɗa shi da na'urar bugun zuciya (cardiopulmonary bypass).
• Lokacin da ake saka na'urar bugun zuciya (pacemaker ).

Dalilin haka shi ne idan ka yi abubuwa kamar haka, jijiyoyin brachiocephalic ko yankunan da ke kewaye za su iya shafar. Saboda haka, likitanka zai yi abubuwa kamar "Gwajin Hoto" don duba tsarin jikinka kafin ya yi wani abu makamancin haka. Sannan za su yi gyare-gyare yayin yin tiyata ko aikin kamar yadda ake buƙata.

Waɗanne yanayi ne ke shafar jijiyoyin brachiocephalic?

Akwai wasu yanayi da zasu iya shafar jijiyoyin brachiocephalic:

• Matsalolin da ke tattare da Katakon Hanta na Tsakiya: Likitoci wani lokacin suna amfani da jijiyar brachiocephalic don samun damar shiga tsakiyar jijiyar. Wannan yana nufin cewa ana saka bututu mai siriri mai sassauƙa a cikin wannan jijiyar don ba ku ruwa ko magunguna. Matsalolin da za su iya faruwa tare da wannan sun haɗa da huda jijiyar ko kuma thrombosis na jijiyoyin jini na sama . Ba kasafai ake samun abubuwa kamar su pseudoaneurysms ba.
• Stenosis: Wasu magungunan likita na iya sa wannan jijiyar ta yi ƙunci. Misali, idan kana kan dialysis , likitanka na iya ƙirƙirar fistula na arteriovenous (wani nau'in jijiyar jini wanda ke haɗa jijiyar jini da jijiyar jini) don sauƙaƙa dialysis. Wannan sau da yawa yana shafar jijiyar brachiocephalic. Stenosis na jijiyar jini matsala ce da ba kasafai ake samu ba a wannan aikin.
• Ciwon daji: Ciwon daji na tsakiya na iya haifar da wannan jijiyar ta kumbura ta kuma toshe kwararar jini, ko kuma yana iya faruwa ne sakamakon ciwon daji na nono wanda ya bazu zuwa wasu sassan jiki.

Wadanne gwaje-gwaje likitoci ke amfani da su don duba wannan jijiyoyin?

Likitoci na iya amfani da gwaje-gwaje kamar waɗannan don duba matsaloli kamar ƙuraje a cikin jijiyoyin brachiocephalic ɗinku:

• Duplex Ultrasound
• CT Scan `(Lissafin Tomography - CT Scan)`
• Scan na MRI `(Hoton Magnetic Resonance Hoto - MRI )`
• Venogram (binciken X-ray na musamman na jijiyoyin jini)

To ta yaya za mu kiyaye lafiyar wannan jijiyar brachiocephalic?

Ta hanyar bin salon rayuwa mai kyau ga zuciya, za ka iya kiyaye dukkan jijiyoyin jininka, gami da waɗannan jijiyoyin brachiocephalic, suna aiki yadda ya kamata. Ga wasu shawarwari:

• A daina shan taba da duk wani abu da ake amfani da shi wajen taba. Wannan yana da matukar muhimmanci.
• Shan ruwa mai yawa. Shan ruwa mai kyau a kowace rana yana da matuƙar amfani ga jiki.
• Ku ci abinci mai gina jiki ga zuciya.Wannan yana taimakawa wajen daidaita hawan jini, matakan cholesterol, da nauyin jiki.
• Ka yi yawo. Ka yi ƙoƙarin yin tafiya na tsawon mintuna 30 aƙalla kwana biyar a mako. Amma ka tabbata ka yi magana da likitanka kafin ka fara wani sabon tsarin motsa jiki.
• Yi tafiya kaɗan a cikin yini. Yin ɗan hutu kaɗan daga zama a tsaye da motsa jikinka yana taimakawa wajen inganta zagayawar jini.

A ƙarshe, abubuwan da za a tuna

Jijiyoyin brachiocephalic ɗinku suna da matuƙar muhimmanci a cikin tsarin zagayawar jini. Shi ne abin da ke ɗauke da jinin da ya ƙare daga saman jikinku zuwa zuciyarku. Don haka, yana da matuƙar muhimmanci ku yi duk abin da za ku iya don kiyaye lafiyar jijiyoyin brachiocephalic ɗinku, da sauran jijiyoyinku.

Ɗauki halaye masu kyau na lafiyar zuciya zai iya taimaka wa jijiyoyinku su yi aiki mafi kyau tsawon shekaru masu zuwa. Yi magana da likitanka game da canje-canjen da za ka iya yi a tsarin rayuwarka ta yau da kullum. Zai iya ba ka shawara mafi kyau a gare ka.

Don haka, ina fatan wannan bayanin ya yi muku amfani. Sanin waɗannan tsarin masu ban mamaki a cikin jikinmu yana sa mu sha'awar kiyaye su lafiya, ko ba haka ba?