Ya kamata mu san ainihin magungunan hana ƙwannafi?

Wataƙila kana jin tashin zuciya da amai a wasu lokutan, ko ba haka ba? Yana da matuƙar rashin daɗi. Don haka a yau za mu yi magana game da wani nau'in magani wanda zai iya taimakawa wajen magance waɗannan abubuwa kamar tashin zuciya da amai. Waɗannan su ne abin da muke kira magungunan hana amai . Bari mu ga menene waɗannan, yadda suke aiki, da kuma lokacin da ake amfani da su.

Mene ne waɗannan magungunan hana ƙwannafi?

A taƙaice dai, "maganin hana amai" magunguna ne da ake bayarwa don hana tashin zuciya da amai, ko kuma don magance shi idan ya faru. "Maganin hana amai" yana nufin "akan." Kalmar "-emetic" ta fito ne daga kalmar "emesis" ta asali. A magani, ana amfani da kalmar "(emesis)" don amai. Don haka, waɗannan magunguna ne da ake bayarwa don hana amai.

Akwai nau'ikan magungunan "Antiemetic" da dama, waɗanda suka bambanta da nau'ikan magungunan "magani". Wasu daga cikinsu za ku iya samu daga kantin magani ba tare da takardar sayan magani ba (wanda ake kira "Magungunan da ba a rubuta su ba" ko "OTC"). Amma wasu daga cikinsu ana iya sha ne kawai da takardar sayan magani daga likita (magungunan " OTC" ). Tunda akwai dalilai da yawa da ke haifar da tashin zuciya da amai, akwai takamaiman magungunan "Antiemetic" waɗanda suka dace da kowane dalili.

Yaushe nake buƙatar maganin amai?

Yanzu wataƙila kana tunanin, 'To yaushe zan buƙaci magani irin wannan?'

Amai wani lokacin wani lokacin wani abu ne da ke kare jikinmu. Ka yi tunani a kai, idan ka ci abincin da ya lalace, ko kuma kana da ciwon ciki (mura ta ciki), ya fi kyau ka yi amai ka kawar da gubar da ke jikinka.

Amma, idan amai ya yi tsanani ko kuma ya kan faru akai-akai, zai iya haifar da manyan matsalolin lafiya. Misali:

• Karyewar ƙashi ma na iya faruwa, musamman ga tsofaffi.
• Rashin ruwa shine rashin ruwa daga jiki.
• Barkewar makogwaro, wanda aka fi sani da cutar Boerhaave.
• Rashin ci .
• Rashin abinci mai gina jiki (`Mara abinci mai gina jiki`).
• Canje-canje a tunanin mutum.
• Hakorin hakori yana lalacewa.
• Raunukan tiyata na iya sake buɗewa ('Sake buɗe raunukan tiyata').

Saboda irin waɗannan abubuwa, likitoci wani lokacin suna rubuta wannan maganin "Antiemetic" don hana amai ko kuma dakatar da amai da ya riga ya fara.

Taimako don ci gaba da tashin zuciya da amai

Idan kana da tashin zuciya mai tsanani ko na tsawon lokaci da amai, likitanka zai iya rubuta maka maganin "Antiemetic". Bari mu duba wasu misalai.

• Tashin zuciya da amai da radiation da chemotherapy ke haifarwa (CINV): Tashin zuciya da/ko amai su ne illolin da chemotherapy ke haifarwa. Maganin radiation a kwakwalwa, hanyoyin ciki, ko hanta suma na iya haifar da waɗannan illolin. Saboda wannan dalili, likitoci sun ba da shawarar shan maganin hana ƙwannafi yayin da ake yin maganin chemotherapy ko radiation. Wannan saboda yawan tashin zuciya da amai na iya zama haɗari ga wanda ke da ciwon daji.
• Tashin zuciya da amai a lokacin daukar ciki (wanda kuma aka sani da 'safiya'): Wasu likitoci suna ba da shawarar yin amfani da maganin hana haihuwa ba tare da takardar likita ba don wannan. Hakazalika, ga 'hyperemesis gravidarum', likitoci suna ba da shawarar ko dai a yi amfani da maganin hana haihuwa ba tare da takardar likita ba ko kuma a yi amfani da maganin hana haihuwa ba tare da takardar likita ba.

Abu mafi mahimmanci shine yin magana da likitanka game da lokacin da kuma yadda za a yi amfani da waɗannan magungunan ''(Antiemetic)''. Wani lokaci, musamman a yanayi kamar ''(CINV)'', ƙila ka buƙaci amfani da fiye da ''(Antiemetic)'' ɗaya. Idan kana da tashin zuciya da amai yayin daukar ciki , ya kamata ka yi magana da likita kafin ka sha wani magani daga kantin magani.

Maganin tashin zuciya da amai kwatsam

Wani lokaci, idan tashin zuciya da amai suka kusan faruwa, likitoci suna rubuta wannan maganin "Antiemetic" don hana shi. Yi tunani a kai ta wannan hanyar.

Magunguna da yawa, kamar maganin sa barci (wanda ake amfani da shi wajen maganin sa barci) da kuma opioids , na iya haifar da tashin zuciya da amai a matsayin sakamako masu illa. Likitoci suna amfani da waɗannan magungunan don abubuwa kamar tiyata. Don haka, don hana tashin zuciya da amai bayan tiyata (tashin zuciya da amai bayan tiyata - PONV), za su ba ku maganin hana amai.

Juyawar jiki da kuma ciwon motsi suma na iya haifar da tashin zuciya da amai. Idan za ku kasance cikin yanayi inda za ku iya fuskantar waɗannan alamun (misali, a kan tafiya mai nisa, kamar a cikin bas ko jirgin ruwa), likitanku zai iya ba da shawarar ku sha maganin hana amai.

Baya ga wannan, akwai wasu yanayi da likita zai iya rubuta maka maganin "Antiemetic".

Wadanne magunguna ne ake da su don dakatar da amai?

Yanzu bari mu ga irin magungunan hana ƙwannafi da ake da su. Akwai nau'ikan magungunan "Antiemetic" guda bakwai. Akwai nau'ikan magunguna da dama a kowane rukuni.

1. Masu adawa da Serotonin

Waɗannan nau'in "Antiemetic" ne da aka fi amfani da shi musamman don magance tashin zuciya da amai. Misalan waɗannan sune:

• `Granisetron (Kytril®)`
• `Ondansetron (Zofran®)`
• `Palonosetron (Aloxi®)`

Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna ta Amurka ( FDA ) ta amince da wannan maganin don hana waɗannan abubuwa:

• `CINV` (tashin zuciya da amai da maganin ciwon daji ke haifarwa) da kuma tashin zuciya da amai da maganin radiation ke haifarwa.
• 'PONV' (wato yana nufin tashin zuciya da amai bayan tiyata).

Duk da haka, wani lokacin likitoci suna rubuta waɗannan magunguna don wasu yanayi. Ana kiran wannan amfani da "ba tare da lakabi ba", ma'ana ana amfani da su don wasu dalilai banda waɗanda FDA ta amince da su.

2. Magungunan hana histamine

Magungunan hana zubar jini, musamman waɗanda ke toshe mai karɓar histamine 1 (H1), likitoci suna amfani da su musamman don magance alamun da ke da alaƙa da rashin lafiyar jiki. Duk da haka, wasu daga cikinsu an amince da su daga FDA don hana da kuma magance tashin zuciya da amai da ke haifar da ciwon motsi da kuma juwa. Wani lokaci, likitoci na iya rubuta su ba tare da laƙabi ba idan wasu magungunan hana tashin zuciya da amai a lokacin daukar ciki ba su yi aiki ba. Ga wasu nau'ikan magungunan hana zubar jini don amai:

• Allunan da za a iya taunawa na 'Dimenhydrinate' (`Dramamine®`)
• Kwayoyin Diphenhydramine ko allunan (Benadryl®)
• Vitamin B6 mai ɗauke da 'Doxylamine succinate' - Wannan ita ce maganin farko da ake amfani da shi wajen magance tashin zuciya da amai a lokacin daukar ciki.
• `Meclizine (Antivert®, Bonine®, Dramamine-N®)`
• 'Promethazine' (Phenergan®)

Magunguna kamar diphenhydramine da dimenhydrinate suma suna iya taimakawa wajen hana PONV (tashin zuciya da amai bayan tiyata), amma ba yawanci su ne magunguna na farko da ake amfani da su wajen magance hakan ba.

3. Glucocorticoids

Glucocorticoids (ko Corticosteroids) nau'in magunguna ne da likitoci ke amfani da su musamman don hana alerji da kumburi. Duk da haka, wasu Glucocorticoids suma suna aiki azaman maganin hana alerji.

Dexamethasone (Baycadron Elixer®, Decadron®, Zema-Pak®, da sauran nau'ikan magunguna) shine babban glucocorticoid da likitoci ke amfani da shi don hana tashin zuciya da CINV (maganin ciwon daji ke haifarwa) da kuma PONV (maganin tashin zuciya bayan tiyata).

Likitoci wani lokacin suna ba da `(Glucocorticoid)` tare da wasu nau'ikan `(Antiemetic)` don hana tashin zuciya da amai. Amma ba kamar wasu `(Antiemetic)` ba, `(Glucocorticoids)` ba zai iya warkar da tashin zuciya da amai da zarar ya fara ba. Wato, ana ba su ne kawai don hana shi.

4. Magungunan hana kumburi

Magungunan hana kumburin ciki (wanda aka fi sani da antimuscarinics) wani nau'in magani ne da ke toshe aikin wani sinadari da ake kira acetylcholine (wani mai ba da amsa ga jijiyoyin jini). Suna iya taimakawa wajen magance cututtuka daban-daban (kamar rashin isasshen fitsari da COPD), kuma suna iya taimakawa wajen tashin zuciya da amai.

Scopolamine (Maldemar, Scopace, Transderm Scop®) shine babban maganin hana amai da ake amfani da shi wajen magance amai. Likitoci suna amfani da shi don:

• Hana 'PONV' (amai bayan tiyata).
• Don hana ko magance tashin zuciya da ke faruwa sakamakon "motsi sickness" (amai yayin tafiya).

5. Masu adawa da masu karɓar Neurokinin-1

Masu hana karɓar ƙwayoyin cuta na Neurokinin-1 (NK-1) suna aiki ta hanyar toshe wani abu na halitta a cikin kwakwalwarka da ake kira neurokinin wanda ke haifar da tashin zuciya da amai. Waɗannan magunguna suna da tasiri sosai wajen magance tashin zuciya da ciwon daji ke haifarwa) da kuma tashin zuciya bayan tiyata (PONV). Suna kuma da kaddarorin hana damuwa (anxiolytic) da kuma rage damuwa.

Magunguna a cikin wannan rukuni sune:

• `Aprepitant (Aponvie®, Emend®` da `Cinvanti®)`
• 'Fosaprepitant (Emend®' da 'Focinvez®)'
• Haɗin `Netupitant` da `palonosetron` (`Akynzeo®)`
• `Rolapitant (Varubi®)`

6. Masu adawa da Dopamine

Magungunan hana dopamine wani nau'in magani ne da ke hana wasu nau'ikan ƙwayoyin halitta a cikin kwakwalwarka harbi. Su ne babban maganin wasu cututtuka da alamun rashin lafiyar kwakwalwa, musamman tabin hankali da schizophrenia . Duk da haka, wasu daga cikin waɗannan nau'ikan kuma suna iya taimakawa wajen tashin zuciya da amai.

Akwai nau'ikan masu hana dopamine da yawa waɗanda ake amfani da su don amai:

• `Amisulpride (Barhemsys®)`
• `Chlorpromazine (Thorazine®)``
• 'Droperidol (Inapsine®)'
• Haloperidol (Haldol®)
• 'Metoclopramide (Reglan®, Gimoti®)'
• ``Olanzapine (Zyprexa®, Lybalvi®, Symbyax®)``
• `Prochlorperazine (Compro®)`

Magungunan hana dopamine madadin "CINV" ne (amai da ciwon daji ke haifarwa) lokacin da wasu magungunan "(Antiemetic)" ba su da tasiri. Hakanan suna iya taimakawa wajen hana "PONV" (amai bayan tiyata).

7. Cannabinoids

Cannabinoids wani nau'in sinadarai ne da ake samu a cikin shukar wiwi (marijuana). Suna ɗaure da masu karɓar cannabinoid a cikin kwakwalwarka, tsarin narkewar abinci, da ƙwayoyin garkuwar jiki.

Cannabinoids da aka ƙera sune ƙwayoyin halitta waɗanda aka tsara don kwaikwayon tasirin tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). A halin yanzu akwai nau'ikan cannabinoids guda biyu na roba da ake amfani da su azaman maganin hana cutar kansa:

• 'Dronabinol (Marinol®)'
• `Nabilone (Cesamet®)`

Waɗannan an amince da su ne daga FDA don CINV (amai da maganin ciwon daji ke haifarwa), kuma ya kamata a yi amfani da su ne kawai idan magungunan hana cutar kansa ba su yi nasara ba.

Cannabinoids su ne sabon nau'in maganin hana zazzabi. Masu bincike har yanzu suna koyo da bincike kan yadda suke aiki.

Ta yaya za mu sami wannan maganin? (Hanyoyin da ake amfani da su wajen ba da magani)

Ana samun magunguna da yawa na "Antiemetic" a cikin nau'i "daya". Suna iya kama da haka:

• Kwayoyin magani na baki, ma'ana ƙwayoyin magani da aka haɗiye ko aka tauna.
• Maganin IV (na jijiya), waɗanda magunguna ne na ruwa da aka ba da a cikin jijiya.
• Allura a cikin tsoka (intramuscular).
• Fatar fata (transdermal) - Wannan galibi yana cikin Scopolamine (mai hana kumburin fata).
• Kwayoyin dubura (suppositories).

Shin waɗannan magunguna za su iya haifar da illa?

Illolin da ka iya faruwa da kowace irin magani (Antiemetic) sun bambanta. Likitanka zai gaya maka game da waɗannan illolin kafin ka fara shan kowace magani. Kada ka ji tsoron yin tambayoyi da kuma raba ra'ayoyinka. Idan kana da wata illa mai ban tsoro bayan fara shan magani (Antiemetic), yi magana da likitanka.

Ga wasu daga cikin illolin da suka fi yawa (amma ba duka ba) waɗanda zasu iya faruwa da kowace irin "Antiemetic":

• Masu hana Serotonin: Ciwon kai, jiri, da maƙarƙashiya.
• Magungunan hana haila: Barci.
• Glucocorticoids: Rashin barci, tashin hankali, da canje-canje a yanayi.
• Maganin hana kumburin ciki: Busasshen baki, canjin gani, da kuma barci.
• Masu hana karɓar NK-1: Suna iya haifar da ciwon kai, jiri, kuma a wasu mutane, suna iya haifar da mummunan rashin lafiyan (anaphylaxis).
• Masu hana dopamine: jiri, ciwon kai, da matsalolin motsi, kamar dystonia (ƙarƙashin tsoka ba da gangan ba) da kuma tardive dyskinesia (motsin jiki ba da gangan ba, musamman na fuska da baki).
• Cannabinoids:Juyawar jiki, hawan jini, da kuma rashin jin daɗi (jin rashin jin daɗi ko rashin gamsuwa).

Shin yana da kyau in sha wannan maganin idan ina da juna biyu?

Idan kina fama da tashin zuciya da amai a lokacin daukar ciki, ya kamata ki yi magana da likitan mata (Ob/Gyn) ko wani likita. Sau da yawa za su ba da shawarar yin canje-canje ga abincin da kike ci ko lokacin da kike cin su. Idan hakan bai taimaka ba, za su iya rubuta miki magani.

Nazarce-nazarce da yawa sun nuna cewa wasu magungunan hana kamuwa da cutar sankarau galibi suna da aminci a lokacin daukar ciki. Duk da haka, bayanin lafiyar wasu yana da karo ko kuma yana da iyaka. Kai da likitanka za ku yanke shawara tare abin da ya fi dacewa da ku.

Da zarar kin gano kina da juna biyu, ki je wurin likita domin tattauna magungunan da kike sha. Haka kuma, ya kamata ki yi magana da likita kafin ki fara wani sabon magani a lokacin daukar ciki.

Me za ku yi idan kun rasa maganin da aka ba ku?

Idan ka rasa shan maganin "Antiemetic", musamman idan magani ne da ke hana tashin zuciya da amai wanda zai iya ci gaba, kamar "CINV," ka yi magana da likitanka. Zai ba ka shawara kan abin da za ka yi.

Menene saƙon da muke son ɗauka daga wannan labarin?

Babu wanda yake son jin tashin zuciya da amai. Wani lokaci, waɗannan abubuwan da ba su da daɗi suna da mahimmanci ga jikinmu. Amma a wasu lokutan, suna iya zama masu illa sosai. Abin farin ciki, magungunan hana amai na iya taimakawa wajen hana da/ko magance tashin zuciya da amai, ko da wuri ne ko kuma ana ci gaba da yi. Akwai zaɓuɓɓuka da yawa da za a zaɓa daga ciki. Tare, kai da likitanka za ku yanke shawara kan abin da ya fi dacewa da ku. Don haka, idan kuna fuskantar wannan matsalar, kada ku ji tsoron yin magana da likita, ko?

`Maganin hana amai, tashin zuciya, amai, maganin hana amai, illolin da ke tattare da hakan, ciki, maganin ciwon daji