Toshewar jijiyoyin jini na zuciya? Bari mu yi magana game da wannan (Tsarin toshewar jijiyoyin jini)

Shin kun taɓa jin labarin cutar jijiyoyin zuciya? Da yawa daga cikinmu sun ji labarinta. A fannin likitanci, ana kiran wannan cutar jijiyoyin zuciya ( CAD ). A taƙaice dai, yanayi ne da kitse da cholesterol ke taruwa a cikin jijiyoyin da ke ɗauke da jini zuwa zuciya, suna rage kwararar jini. Amma waɗannan jijiyoyin na iya toshewa ta hanyoyi daban-daban. A yau, za mu yi magana game da wani yanayi mai rikitarwa wanda ke buƙatar kulawa ta musamman. Wato, lokacin da kitse ya taru ya toshe jijiyoyin inda babban jijiyar zuciya ta rabu zuwa ƙaramin reshe. Ka yi tunanin cunkoson ababen hawa a kan hanya mai siffar Y, inda hanyoyi biyu suka rabu. Likitoci suna kiran wannan 'Tsarin Tashewa'.

Menene ainihin wannan abin da ake kira Bifurcation Blockage?

To, bari mu yi amfani da wannan a hanya mafi sauƙi. Zuciyarka tsoka ce da ke aiki ba tare da tsayawa ba. Tana samun kuzari da iskar oxygen da take buƙata daga jijiyoyin jini da ake kira jijiyoyin zuciya. Waɗannan manyan jijiyoyin jini suna rarrafe zuwa ƙananan rassan don ɗaukar jini zuwa dukkan sassan zuciya.

To, wannan toshewar bifurcation yana faruwa ne lokacin da wani ma'ajiyar kitse (muna kiransa plaque ) ya samar inda babban jijiyar jini ta rabu zuwa ƙaramin reshe, wato, a mahaɗin Y. Wannan plaque yana toshe kwararar jini. Likitoci suna kiran wannan ƙaramin reshe da "jirgin reshe na gefe." Ana kuma kiran wannan plaque da "lalacewar bifurcation."

Wannan yanki ya ɗan fi rikitarwa a toshe shi fiye da sauran wurare. Saboda yadda jini da matsi suka bambanta a nan, akwai yiwuwar taruwar plaque a waɗannan wurare. Kuma yana iya zama ɗan wahala a yi maganinsa.

Akwai manyan nau'ikan wannan toshewar?

Eh, likitoci suna rarraba wannan toshewar bisa ga tsananin, wato, yawan toshewar jijiyoyin jini. Wannan ana kiransa stenosis . Akwai manyan nau'i biyu.

Yaya wannan yanayi ya zama ruwan dare a ƙasarmu?

Wannan yanayi ne da ya zama ruwan dare gama gari. Kiyasi ya nuna cewa tsakanin kashi 15% zuwa 20% na dukkan lamuran cutar jijiyoyin zuciya (CAD) da ke buƙatar magani sun faɗi cikin wannan rukuni, wanda aka sani da toshewar jijiyoyin zuciya. A taƙaice dai, daga cikin kowane marasa lafiya 100 da ke zuwa asibiti da toshewar jijiyoyin zuciya, kimanin 15-20 suna da toshewar jijiyoyin zuciya a wannan mahadar. Don haka, wannan ba abu ne da za a ɗauka da wasa ba.

Me yasa hakan ke faruwa? Menene ainihin dalilin hakan?

Babban dalilin haka shine tarin kitse da ake kira plaque da muka yi magana a kai a baya. Wannan kamar tarin tsatsa da datti ne a cikin bututun ruwa akan lokaci, wanda ke haifar da ramuka a cikin bututun. Wannan plaque yana samuwa ne ta hanyar tarin cholesterol, kitse, da calcium a cikin bangon jijiyoyin jininmu. Bayan lokaci, wannan plaque yana girma kuma yana rage wucewar jini ta cikin jijiyoyin jini. Daga ƙarshe, zuciya ba ta karɓar adadin jinin da ake buƙata ba. Muna kiran wannan yanayin atherosclerosis . Toshewar bifurcation shima sakamakon wannan yanayin atherosclerosis ne.

Wa ya fi fuskantar haɗari?

Ko da yake wannan yanayin na iya tasowa ga kowa, wasu mutane suna cikin haɗarin kamuwa da shi. Idan kana da ɗaya ko fiye daga cikin waɗannan abubuwan haɗari, yana da kyau ka yi taka tsantsan.

Wadanne alamu ne za ku iya fuskanta?

Toshewar jijiyoyin jini (bifurcation blockage) wani nau'in cutar jijiyoyin zuciya ne (CAD), don haka alamomin suna kama da juna. Idan kana da ɗaya ko fiye daga cikin waɗannan alamun, tuntuɓi likita nan da nan.

• Ciwon ƙirji ko matsi (angina): Wannan shine babban alamar. Yana iya jin kamar matsi ko matsi a tsakiyar ƙirji.
• Rashin numfashi: Jin ƙarancin numfashi lokacin da ka gaji kaɗan, ko kuma lokacin hawa matakala.
• Jin gajiya sosai: Jin gajiya sosai ko rauni ba tare da wani dalili ba.
• Ciwon kafada ko hannu: Ciwon da ke tafiya a hannun hagu, musamman.
• Jin jiri (juyawa) ko suma: Jin juyawa da rashin iya tsayawa.
• Tashin zuciya: Jin kamar amai.
• Jin sanyi da gumi.
• Jin bugun zuciya mara kyau (Tushewar bugun zuciya).

Ta yaya likita zai gano wannan?

Idan ka gaya wa likitanka game da alamomin da ka ambata a sama, zai duba ka ya kuma tura ka gwaje-gwaje da dama don tabbatar da wannan yanayin.

• ECG (Electrocardiogram): Wannan yana gwada aikin lantarki na zuciya don ganin ko akwai wata illa ga zuciya.
• Gwajin Damuwa: Ana ɗaukar ECG yayin da kake tafiya a kan na'urar motsa jiki, yana duba yadda zuciyarka ke aiki lokacin da kake cikin damuwa.
• Echocardiogram: Na'urar daukar hoton zuciya ta ultrasound.
• Tsarin Katakon Zuciya (Coronary Angiogram): Wannan shine babban gwajin da za a yi don ganin ko akwai toshewar jijiyoyin jini. Ana saka ƙaramin bututu ta ƙafa ko hannu, a zare shi cikin jijiyoyin zuciyarka, sannan a yi allurar wani ruwa na musamman, sannan a ɗauki hotunan X-ray. Wannan yana ba ka damar ganin inda toshewar take a bayyane.
• CCTA (Coronary Computed Tomography Angiogram): Wannan yayi kama da angiogram, amma gwaji ne da ake yi ta amfani da na'urar daukar hoton CT ba tare da saka bututu a jiki ba.

Waɗannan gwaje-gwajen za su ba wa likitanka damar tantance ko kana da toshewar bifurcation da kuma yadda yake da tsanani.

Menene hanyoyin magance wannan?

Maganin toshewar da ta shafi ɓangarorin biyu ya ɗan fi wahala saboda jijiyoyin gefen reshe sun fi ƙanƙanta, wanda hakan ke sa ya fi wahalar magancewa da kayan aiki fiye da babban jijiya.

Babban maganin shine angioplasty da stenting . Wannan ba tiyata bane. Wannan ana kiransa Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI).

Ga abin da ke faruwa a nan:

1. Likitan zai shafa fatar da ke hannunka ko ƙafarka, ya yi ƙaramin yankewa, sannan ya saka catheter ta ciki.Ana saka wani bututu mai siriri da sassauƙa wanda ake kira catheter a cikin jijiyoyin jini.

2. Sannan, yayin da ake duba na'urar X-ray, ana shiryar da bututun zuwa ainihin wurin da jijiyar da ta toshe a cikin zuciya.

3. Akwai ƙaramin balan-balan a ƙarshen catheter ɗin. Idan ya isa toshewar, balan-balan ɗin zai kumbura. Sannan plaque ɗin ya matse bangon jijiyar, yana sake buɗe hanyar da ta toshe.

4. Sannan, domin a hana buɗewar sake rufewa, sai a sanya ƙaramin bututun raga da ake kira stent a wurin.

Bayan wannan magani, likitanka zai rubuta maka magunguna na musamman (maganin hana guda biyu na jini) don hana toshewar jini a cikin stent. Yana da mahimmanci ka sha waɗannan magunguna na tsawon lokacin da aka tsara.

Wadanne hanyoyin magani ne?

Akwai manyan hanyoyi guda biyu na toshewar stenting bifurcation.

• Tsarin Wucin Gadi: A wannan hanyar, likita yana sanya stent ne kawai a cikin babban jijiyar jini. Ba a sanya ƙaramin reshe ba. Ana iya sanya stent a cikin ƙaramin reshe a wani lokaci daga baya, sai idan kun sake samun alamun cutar.
• Tsarin Tasowa Biyu: Idan toshewar ta kasance mai rikitarwa, likita zai iya yanke shawarar sanya tasowa a cikin babban jijiyar jini da kuma ƙaramin reshen da ya yi reshe.

Akwai wasu matsaloli da ka iya tasowa bayan magani?

Duk da cewa angioplasty da stenting sune hanyoyin magancewa masu nasara, matsaloli na iya faruwa a cikin ƙaramin adadin mutane.

Ba za a iya hana irin wannan yanayi ba?

Hakika yana yiwuwa. Ciwon zuciya yana da alaƙa da salon rayuwarmu. Don haka, ɗaukar salon rayuwa mai kyau ga zuciya zai iya rage haɗarin kamuwa da wannan yanayin sosai.

• Ku ci abinci mai kyau ga zuciya. Ku rage cin abinci mai yawan mai, gishiri, da sukari gwargwadon iko. Ku haɗa 'ya'yan itatuwa, kayan lambu, wake, ƙananan kifi, da hatsi gaba ɗaya a cikin abincinku.
• Idan kana shan taba, ka daina shan taba a yau. Shan taba yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan maƙiyan zuciya.
• Motsa jiki akai-akai. Yi wani abu kamar tafiya ko hawa keke na tsawon akalla mintuna 30 a rana.
• Kula da nauyin jikinka. Akwai wani nauyi da ya dace da tsayinka. Yi ƙoƙarin kiyaye shi.
• Idan kana da ciwon suga, hawan jini, ko kuma cholesterol, ka rage su ta hanyar shan magungunan da likitanka ya rubuta maka.
• Rage damuwa. Yana da kyau a shiga cikin abubuwa kamar yoga da tunani.
• A rage shan barasa.

Yaushe ya kamata ka ga likita nan take?

Bugu da ƙari, idan kuna yawan samun waɗannan alamomin, ku tabbata kun ga likita don neman shawara.

• Ciwon ƙirji (angina), ciwon hannu ko kafada
• Jin sanyi da gumi
• Wahalar numfashi
• Gajiya ko rauni mara dalili

Tambayoyi da za a yi wa likitanka

Idan ka gano cewa kana da wannan matsalar, abu ne da ya zama ruwan dare a yi maka tambayoyi da yawa. Kada ka yi jinkirin yin komai, ka tambayi likitanka ka gano.

• Me ke sa ni jin kamar na makale haka?
• Akwai yiwuwar toshewar jini a sauran jijiyoyin jinina?
• Shin angioplasty da stenting za su iya magance wannan toshewar gaba ɗaya?
• Wane irin stent kake ba ni shawara?
• Nawa ne zan buƙaci a sanya a kan stent?
• Me ya kamata in yi don kare zuciyata?
• Wadanne matsaloli ya kamata in damu da su bayan magani?

Ina fatan wannan bayanin zai taimaka muku fahimtar wannan yanayin sosai. Ku tuna, wannan ba abu ne da za ku ji tsoro ba, amma abu ne da za a sarrafa shi yadda ya kamata.

Ciwon Zuciya, Toshewar Hannu, Ciwon Jijiyoyin Zuciya, Tashin Hanji, Angioplasty, Ciwon Kirji, Ciwon Zuciya