Shin ka taɓa yin mamakin yadda wannan ƙaramin gabobi da ke cikin kanka, kwakwalwa, yake yi da ban mamaki? Yana sarrafa duk abin da muke gani, ji, tunani, da kuma yi. Don haka a yau za mu yi magana game da mafi girma kuma mafi mahimmanci na ɓangaren kwakwalwa. Wannan shine kwakwalwa, ko kuma kamar yadda muke faɗa a Turanci, `(Cerebrum)`.
Menene wannan kwakwalwa?
A taƙaice dai, kwakwalwa ita ce mafi girman ɓangaren kwakwalwarka. Tana nan a saman da gaban kwanyarka. Tana da hannu a kusan duk abin da muke yi a rana, tun daga tunani har zuwa ɗaukar mataki. A gaskiya ma, ita ce babbar cibiyar kula da lafiyar kwakwalwa da ke sa mu zama ko wanene mu, halayenmu, da kuma iyawarmu.
Masana kimiyya har yanzu suna koyo game da kwakwalwa da kuma yadda take aiki. Duk da cewa mun san abubuwa da yawa, har yanzu akwai abubuwan da ba mu fahimta sosai ba. Amma tare da ci gaban fasaha, iliminmu game da kwakwalwa yana ƙaruwa kowace rana.
Mene ne bambanci tsakanin cerebrum da cerebellum?
Waɗannan sunaye biyu suna da ɗan kama da juna, don haka wani lokacin ana iya ruɗa su. Duk da haka, ayyukan waɗannan biyun sun bambanta sosai.
- Cerebrum: Wannan shine babban ɓangaren kwakwalwa. Yana sarrafa duk abin da muke yi da gangan , kamar tunani, tsarawa, da magana. Kamar Shugaba ne a ofis.
- Cerebellum: Wannan ƙaramin ɓangare ne na kwakwalwa a baya, a ƙasa. Babban aikinsa shine daidaita motsin jiki da daidaita shi . Misali, yana taimaka maka ka kiyaye daidaitonka lokacin da kake tafiya ba ka faɗi ba, kuma yana taimaka maka ka fahimci wani abu daidai lokacin da ka miƙa hannu ka kama shi. Kamar manaja ne wanda ke bin umarni daga shugabansa.
Menene manyan ayyukan cerebellum?
Muna cewa kwakwalwa tana sarrafa abubuwa da yawa da muke yi da saninmu. Ga wasu daga cikinsu. Domin fahimtar wannan bayanin, bari mu duba shi a cikin tebur kamar haka.
| Aiki | Bayani mai sauƙi |
|---|---|
| Sarrafa gaɓoɓi biyar | Kwakwalwa tana sarrafa kuma tana fahimtar duk abin da kake gani da idanunka, ji da kunnuwanka, ɗanɗano da harshenka, ƙamshi da hancinka, da kuma taɓa fata. |
| Harshe da sadarwa | Sassan kwakwalwa daban-daban suna taimaka maka ka karanta, rubutu, da magana. |
| Ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya ta ɗan gajeren lokaci (Ƙwaƙwalwar aiki) | Ka yi tunanin kana tunanin siyan fakitin madara daga shago a kan hanyarka ta komawa gida. Wannan sashe yana sarrafa abubuwan da ka tuna na ɗan lokaci kamar haka. |
| Halayya da kuma hali | Gaban kwakwalwa yana sarrafa abubuwa kamar halayenka, halayenka, zaɓar abin da ya dace daga abin da bai dace ba, da kuma rashin faɗin abin da bai kamata ka faɗa ba. |
| Motsin jiki | Idan kana son motsa gaɓoɓinka, tafiya, ko gudu, kwakwalwa tana aika saƙonnin da suka dace zuwa ga tsokoki. |
| Ilmi, tunani | Idan ka koyi wani sabon abu, ka yi lissafi, ko kuma ka nemi mafita ga wata matsala, sassa daban-daban na kwakwalwa suna aiki tare. |
Wasu abubuwa masu ban mamaki game da cerebellum
- Wakiltar da ta Rarrabu: Wannan abu ne mai ban mamaki. Abin da kake yi a gefen dama na jikinka yana ƙarƙashin ikon gefen hagu na kwakwalwarka. Abin da kake yi a gefen hagu na kwakwalwarka yana ƙarƙashin ikon dama. Shi ya sa idan gefen hagu na kwakwalwarka ya lalace, kamar a lokacin bugun jini, gefen dama na jikinka zai rasa aiki.
- Ikon kwakwalwa na daidaitawa: Kwakwalwarka na iya "sake haɗawa" da kanta. Wannan yana nufin cewa tana iya ƙirƙirar sabbin haɗi tsakanin ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi a cikin kwakwalwa lokacin da ta lalace ko kuma lokacin da ka koyi wani sabon abu. Wannan kuma ana kiransa "neuroplasticity."
- Bangarorin musamman: Sassan kwakwalwa daban-daban an keɓance su ne don ayyuka daban-daban. Amma ra'ayin cewa wasu mutane "masu hankali na hagu" da "masu hankali na dama" ba a tabbatar da shi a kimiyya ba. Bangarorin biyu na kwakwalwa suna aiki tare.
Ta yaya ake samar da cerebellum?
Saman waje na kwakwalwa, wato kwakwalwar kwakwalwa, yana ƙunshe kamar goro da aka bare. An raba shi zuwa rabi biyu ta hanyar zurfin rami da ke gudana a tsakiya. Muna kiran waɗannan da ɓangaren hagu da ɓangaren dama .
Waɗannan ɓangarorin biyu na duniya suna da alaƙa da juna ta hanyar tarin ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi da ake kira "Corpus Callosum". Kamar gada, wannan ne ke aika bayanai daga gefe ɗaya na kwakwalwa zuwa ɗayan.
Manyan yankuna na kwakwalwa (Lobes)
Akwai manyan yankuna guda biyar, ko kuma "lobes," a kowace kusurwar kwakwalwa. Kowannensu yana da takamaiman ayyuka.
1. Gaban Hannu: Yana nan a gaban kai. Yana sarrafa hankali, sarrafa hali, magana, da wasu motsi.
2. Lobe na parietal: Yana nan a saman kai. Yana taimakawa wajen gano abubuwan da ke ji kamar taɓawa, zafin jiki, da zafi. Haka kuma yana da hannu wajen fahimtar nisa da girman abubuwa, harshe, ƙirgawa, da kuma yanke shawara.
3. Lobe na Lokaci: Yana gefen kai, sama da kunnuwa. Yana taimaka mana mu fahimci abin da wasu ke faɗa, mu gane mutane da abubuwa, sannan mu haɗa tunaninmu da motsin zuciyarmu.
4. Lobe na Occipital: Yana bayan kai. Wannan ita ce babbar cibiyar sarrafa abin da muke gani da idanunmu, kamar motsi da launi.
5. Lobe mai rufi: Wannan yana kusa da sauran lobes ɗin. Wannan ɓangaren galibi yana da hannu a cikin jin daɗin ɗanɗano.
Ka yi tunanin kana tafiya a kan titi sai kwatsam wani kare ya zo ya zo wurinka da gudu. Ka yi tunanin yadda kwakwalwarka ke aiki da sauri a wannan lokacin. Ka ga karen da idanunka (Occipital Lobe), ka ji karar haushi (Temporal Lobe), ka tuna da tsoron cizon kare a baya (Temporal/Hippocampus), ka yi ihu, "Kai, kare ne!" (Frontal/Temporal Lobe), ka yanke shawarar guduwa (Frontal Lobe), kuma ka aika da sigina zuwa ƙafafunka don gudu (Frontal Lobe). Duk wannan yana faruwa cikin daƙiƙa kaɗan domin duk waɗannan sassan kwakwalwa suna aiki tare.
Wadanne yanayi ne suka fi shafar kwakwalwa?
Duk wata cuta da ta shafi kwakwalwa na iya shafar cerebellum. Wannan ya haɗa da matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa. Ga wasu daga cikinsu:
- Cutar Alzheimer
- Matsalolin Damuwa
- Rashin Tsarin Hankali Mai Rage Yawan Aiki (ADHD)
- bugun jini
- Raunin kwakwalwa mai rauni
- Ciwon hauka
- Damuwa
- Farfadiya
- Cutar Parkinson
- Wasu ƙarancin bitamin (musamman bitamin B12)
- Cututtukan kwakwalwa (kwayoyin cuta, ƙwayoyin cuta)
Menene alamun cutar?
Idan kwakwalwa ta kamu, alamu daban-daban na iya bayyana.
- Wahalar magana ko fahimta: `(Aphasia)`
- Rashin daidaiton jiki: rashin daidaito yayin tafiya, rashin iya riƙe abubuwa yadda ya kamata (Ataxia)
- Canje-canjen halayya da ruɗani
- Ciwon kai da Migraines
- Matsalolin ƙwaƙwalwa
- Gurɓatar sassan jiki
- Girgizawa
- Matsalolin gani: hangen nesa mara kyau, hangen nesa biyu
Idan har yanzu kana da ɗaya ko fiye daga cikin waɗannan alamomin, ka tabbata ka yi magana da likitanka game da su . Yana da matuƙar muhimmanci a sami magani a kan lokaci.
Yadda ake kula da lafiyar kwakwalwa mai kyau?
Akwai wasu abubuwa masu sauƙi da za mu iya yi don kare wannan gaɓɓar jikinmu mafi daraja.
- Ku ci abinci mai kyau: Sinadaran gina jiki, musamman bitamin B12, suna da matukar muhimmanci ga lafiyar kwakwalwa.
- Ka kasance mai motsa jiki: Motsa jiki yana inganta kwararar jini zuwa kwakwalwa, wanda zai iya taimakawa wajen kare kai daga cututtuka kamar bugun jini.
- A yi taka-tsantsan da kamuwa da cuta: Cututtuka, musamman waɗanda ke cikin kunne da ido, na iya yaɗuwa zuwa kwakwalwa idan ba a yi maganinsu da wuri ba, don haka kada a yi watsi da su.
- Kare kanka: Sanya kwalkwali yayin hawa keke ko babur. Kare kanka daga haɗari yana da matuƙar muhimmanci don hana lalacewar kwakwalwa.
- A guji shan taba da shan barasa mai yawa: Waɗannan halaye suna lalata jijiyoyin jini a cikin kwakwalwa kuma suna ƙara haɗarin kamuwa da cututtuka kamar bugun jini.
- Yi amfani da magungunan da aka rubuta kamar yadda aka rubuta: Idan likita ya rubuta maka magunguna don wani yanayi, ka sha su daidai yadda aka rubuta.
Kwakwalwa ita ce mafi ban mamaki a jikinmu, tana taimaka mana da duk abin da muke yi kowace rana. Kula da lafiyarta yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun jarin da za mu iya yi don kiyaye ingancin rayuwarmu gaba ɗaya.
Saƙon Ɗauka Gida
- Kwakwalwa ita ce mafi girman ɓangaren kwakwalwarka. Tana sarrafa tunaninka, ƙwaƙwalwarka, harshenka, motsinka, da kuma ji.
- Kwakwalwa ta ƙunshi manyan sassan jiki guda biyu (hagu da dama) da kuma yankuna da dama (lobes). Kowanne daga cikin waɗannan yankuna yana da takamaiman ayyuka.
- Cututtuka da dama, kamar bugun jini, ciwon hauka, da farfadiya, na iya shafar kwakwalwa.
- Za ka iya kula da lafiyar kwakwalwa ta hanyar cin abinci mai kyau, motsa jiki, kare kanka, da kuma guje wa shan taba/giya.
- Idan ka fuskanci wata matsala game da aikin kwakwalwa, misali, rashin tunawa, wahalar magana, ko jin kamar ba ka da rai, ka nemi shawarar likita nan take.
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