Shin Kuna Fuskantar Yawan Gumi Ba Tare da Wani Dalili ba? Koyi Game da Diaphoresis!

Shin ka taba lura cewa kana yawan gumi mai yawa ba tare da wani dalili na fili ba? Wani lokaci gumin yana da yawa ta yadda har yana jika tufafinka gaba daya, ko kuma lokacin da kake barci yana jika zanen gadonka da matashinka? Idan wannan yawan gumin ba ya faruwa ne saboda yanayin zafi ko kuma bayan ka yi motsa jiki mai tsanani ba, to yana da matukar muhimmanci ka san cewa hakan na iya zama alamar wata matsalar lafiya ta daban da ke boye a jikinka. A likitance, ana kiran wannan yanayi na yawan gumi mai tsanani wanda rashin lafiya ko illar magani ke haifar da shi da suna Diaphoresis.

A cikin wannan cikakken jagorar na musamman, za mu yi bayani dalla-dalla a kan menene Diaphoresis, alamominsa na musamman, manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da shi, yadda kwararrun likitoci ke gano shi, da kuma hanyoyin magance shi da kariya a gida domin kiyaye lafiyarka.

Menene Diaphoresis (Secondary Hyperhidrosis) Dalla-dalla?

A saukake, Diaphoresis (ana furta shi da 'di-ah-for-ee-sis') yana nufin yawan gumi da ke faruwa a matsayin alama ta wata cuta ko yanayin lafiya da ke boye a jiki, ko kuma sakamakon illar magungunan da mutum yake sha. Wani sunan da likitoci ke amfani da shi wajen bayyana wannan yanayi shi ne Secondary Hyperhidrosis (wato yawan gumi na biyu). Kalmar 'secondary' a nan tana nufin gumin yana faruwa ne sakamakon wani dalili na daban, ba wai don kansa kadan ba.

Domin fahimtar wannan da kyau, yana da kyau mu bambanta tsakanin nau'ikan yawan gumi guda biyu:

• Primary Hyperhidrosis (Yawan Gumi na Farko): Wannan shi ne yanayin da mutum ke yawan gumi ba tare da wata cuta ko rashin lafiya a jikinsa ba. Yawancin lokaci, wannan nau'in gumin yana shafar takamaiman sassan jiki ne kamar tafukan hannu, yatsun kafa, ko karkashin hammata, kuma yakan fara ne tun lokacin yarinta ko lokacin samari.
• Secondary Hyperhidrosis ko Diaphoresis: Wannan kuma yana faruwa ne sakamakon rashin lafiya ko magani. Sabanin na farko, Diaphoresis yakan shafi dukkan jiki gaba daya kuma yakan fara ne farat daya a lokacin da mutum ya girma. Haka kuma, yana iya faruwa ko da a lokacin sanyi ne ko kuma lokacin da mutum ke barci. Wannan yanayi na iya zama mai tsanani kuma yana bukatar kulawar likita cikin gaggawa domin yana iya zama alamar cutar da ke barazana ga rayuwa.

Alamomincin Diaphoresis (Symptoms of Diaphoresis)

Babban alamar Diaphoresis ita ce yawan gumi wanda ya wuce kima kuma baya da alaka da zafin yanayi, sanya tufafi masu kauri, ko yin aiki mai tsanani. Ga wasu alamomin da ke tafiya tare da wannan yanayin:

• Gumi mai yawa na fili: Gumin yana fitowa ta yadda har yana gangarowa a jiki, jika tufafi gaba daya, ko kuma jika tafukan hannu da kafa ta yadda mutum zai kasa rike abubuwa da kyau.
• Gumin dare (Night Sweats): Shafar mutum yayin da yake barci ta yadda idan ya tashi zai tarar zanen gadonsa da matashin kansa duk sun jike da gumi, ko da dakin yana da sanyi.
• Gumin dukkan jiki: Sabanin yawan gumi na yau da kullum wanda ke shafar hannaye ko kafa kawai, shi Diaphoresis yakan shafi dukkan sassan jiki gaba daya.
• Fatar jiki mai sanyi da danshi: Fatar mutum takan ji sanyi kuma ta kasance da danshi lokacin da gumin ke fita (cold and clammy skin).
• Fara faruwa a lokacin girma: Yawancin lokaci yana farawa ne a lokacin da mutum ya riga ya girma, ba wai tun yana yaro ba.

Abubuwan da ke Kawo Diaphoresis (Causes of Diaphoresis)

Kamar yadda muka bayyana, Diaphoresis alama ce ta wata matsalar lafiya daban. Ga manyan abubuwa tara (9) da ke haifar da shi:

1. Daukewar Haila (Menopause)

Ga mata, daukewar haila ita ce babbar matsala kuma mafi yawan dalilin da ke kawo Diaphoresis. Kafin daukewar haila (wato lokacin Perimenopause) da kuma lokacin da ta dauke gaba daya, jikin mace yana fuskantar sauye-sauyen hormones masu tsanani, musamman raguwar estrogen. Wannan raguwar tana shafar sashin kwakwalwa da ke sarrafa zafin jiki (hypothalamus), wanda hakan ke sa kwakwalwa ta dauka cewa jiki ya yi zafi sosai. Don haka, jiki sai ya saki gumi mai yawa don kwantar da wannan zafin na jabu. Wannan yana haifar da jin zafi farat daya da rana (Hot Flashes) da kuma gumin dare (Night Sweats) da daddare. Kimanin kashi 85% na mata suna fuskantar wannan matsalar a lokacin daukewar haila.

2. Juna Biyu / Ciki (Pregnancy)

Ciki yana haifar da sauye-sauyen hormones masu yawa a jikin mace. Wadannan sauye-sauyen, tare da karuwar gudanar jini da saurin aikin jiki (metabolism), suna haifar da karuwar zafin jiki na cikin gida. Don haka, mata masu juna biyu sukan fuskanci gumi mai yawa. Ko da yake wannan yanayin na da kyau kuma na halitta ne, yana da muhimmanci mace mai ciki ta nemi shawarar likita idan yawan gumin yana tafiya tare da zazzabi, rawar jiki, ko amai, domin hakan na iya zama alamar kamuwa da kwayoyin cuta (infection) a jiki.

3. Yawan Aikin Gland na Thyroid (Hyperthyroidism)

Idan gland din thyroid dake wuyanka yana aiki fiye da kima, yana samar da hormone na thyroxine fiye da yadda jiki ke bukata. Wannan yanayi ana kiransa Hyperthyroidism. Tun da thyroxine shi ke sarrafa yadda jiki ke amfani da abinci da samar da makamashi (metabolism), yawan sa yana sa dukkan ayyukan jiki su yi sauri fiye da kima, wanda ke haifar da yawan gumi. Sauran alamomin Hyperthyroidism sun hada da:

• Yawan fargaba ko fushi (Anxiety)
• Bugun zuciya da sauri ko tsalle-tsalle (Heart palpitations)
• Rarrawar hannu (Hand tremors)
• Rashin barci (Insomnia)
• Rage kiba ba tare da dalili ba

Likita na iya ba da magungunan rage aikin thyroid domin daidaita wannan matsala yadda ya kamata.

4. Ciwon Sugar (Diabetes Mellitus) da Raguwar Sugar (Hypoglycemia)

Ga mutanen da ke da ciwon sugar, yawan gumi mai sanyi na iya zama babbar alamar cewa matakin sugar dake cikin jininsu ya ragu sosai (Hypoglycemia). Idan sugar ya yi kasa sosai, jiki yana sakin hormone na epinephrine (adrenaline) wanda ke kunna yanayin kariya na 'fight-or-flight' (yaki ko gudu). Wannan yana haifar da gumi mai sanyi da sauri. Sauran alamomin sun hada da fargaba ko girgiza jiki, jiri ko dishewar gani, rudewa ko matsalar magana, da gajiya mai tsanani. Idan ba a magance hypoglycemia cikin sauri ba ta hanyar cin ko shan wani abu mai zaki, yana iya kaiwa ga sumewa ko ma barazana ga rayuwa.

5. Bugun Zuciya (Heart Attack / Myocardial Infarction)

Yawan gumi mai sanyi ba zato ba tsammani na iya zama alamar gaggawa ta bugun zuciya. Wannan yana faruwa ne lokacin da aka toshe hanyoyin jini da ke kai oxygen zuwa tsokar zuciya (Coronary arteries). Rashin samun oxygen yana sa zuciya ta yi fama, wanda ke kunna tsarin jijiya na sympathetic nervous system kuma ya sa jiki ya saki gumi mai yawa. Sauran alamomin bugun zuciya sun hada da:

• Ciwon kirji ko jin matsin lamba ko nauyi a kirji
• Ciwon da ke yaduwa zuwa kafada, hannu, wuya, ko muƙamuƙi
• Wahalar numfashi (Shortness of breath)
• Canza kalar fata zuwa fari ko kore (Paleness)
• Jiri ko laushi a jiki
• Tashin zuciya da amai

6. Janye Jiki Daga Shan Kwayoyi Ko Barasa (Substance / Alcohol Withdrawal)

Idan mutumin da ya saba da shan barasa ko kwayoyi (Substance Use Disorder) ya daina ba zato ba tsammani, jikinsa zai shiga wani yanayi na wahala da ake kira 'withdrawal'. Diaphoresis yana daya dari alamomin da aka fi sani a wannan lokacin saboda rikicewar tsarin jijiya. Sauran alamomin sun hada da rashin natsuwa da fargaba, tashin zuciya da amai, bugun zuciya mai karfi, rarrawar jiki ko hannu, da kuma farfadiya (seizures). Wannan yanayi na iya zama barazana ga rayuwa, don haka ya kamata a yi shi a karkashin kulawar ma'aikatan lafiya a asibiti.

7. Ciwon Kansa (Cancer)

Wasu nau'ikan ciwon kansa na iya haifar da yawan gumi, musamman da daddare. Wadannan sun hada da kansa ta jini (Leukemia), kansa ta lymph node (Lymphoma), kansa ta hanta, da kansa ta kashi. Masana kimiyya sun yi imanin cewa yawan gumin na faruwa ne saboda yadda jiki ke kokarin yaki da kansa ko kuma sauye-sauyen sinadarai a jiki. Sauran alamomin ciwon kansa sun hada da raguwar nauyin jiki ba tare da dalili ba, gajiya mai tsanani, kumburin lymph nodes a wuya, hammata, ko gwuiwa, da zazzabi mai yawan dawowa.

8. Mummunar Allurar Daji (Anaphylaxis)

Anaphylaxis wani mummunan martani ne na gaggawa wanda jiki ke bayyarwa lokacin da ya hadu da wani abu da ba ya jituwa da shi (allergen), kamar wasu abinci (kwayoyi, kifi), magunguna, ko cizon kwari (kamar zuma). Yana iya faruwa cikin mintuna kalilan bayan haduwa da abun. Yawan gumi alama ce ta anaphylaxis saboda faduwar hawan jini da sauri. Sauran alamomin sun hada da kumburin fuska, harshe, ko makogwaro, kaikayi da fitowar kuraje a fata (hives), wahalar numfashi da shake makogwaro, faduwar hawan jini da sumewa. Wannan yanayi gaggawa ne wanda ke bukatar allurar epinephrine (EpiPen) da gaggawa da kuma kiran lambar gaggawa ta 112 nan take.

9. Magunguna (Medications)

Shan wasu magunguna na iya haifar da Diaphoresis a matsayin illa (side effect). Ga wasu magungunan da aka fi sani da ke kawo gumi:

• Magungunan kashe bakin ciki (Antidepressants) kamar Venlafaxine da Fluoxetine
• Magungunan ciwon sugar kamar Insulin ko kwayoyin rage sugar
• Magungunan daidaita hormones kamar Raloxifene da Tamoxifen
• Magungunan rage zazzabi kamar Acetaminophen (Paracetamol) da Aspirin
• Magungunan kashe zafi masu karfi kamar Naproxen da Oxycodone
• Magungunan kashe kwayoyin cuta (Antibiotics) da na virus kamar Bacitracin da Ribavirin
• Magungunan kansa kamar Leuprolide

Yadda Ake Gano Diaphoresis (Diagnosis)

Idan kana fuskantar yawan gumi, likita zai gudanar da bincike don gano abin da ke haifar da shi. Wannan bincike ya hada da:

• Tarihin Lafiya: Likita zai tambaye ka lokacin da gumin ya fara, sassan jikin da yake shafa, magungunan da kake sha, da sauran alamomin da kake ji.
• Gwajin Jiki: Likita zai duba fatarka, bugun zuciya, da hawan jini.
• Gwajin Jini da Fitsari: Wadannan gwaje-gwajen zasu taimaka wajen duba matakin sugar, aikin thyroid, da alamun cututtuka ko kansa.
• **Sauran Gwaje-gwaje:** Dangane da alamomin da kake da su, ana iya yin gwajin zuciya (ECG) ko hoton X-ray.

Yadda Ake Magance Diaphoresis (Treatment)

Magungunan Diaphoresis sun dogara ne kacokan a kan abin da ke haifar da shi. Idan aka magance cutar da ke boye a jiki, yawancin lokaci gumin ma yana tsayawa.

Idan magani ne ke haifar da shi, likita na iya rage muku yawan maganin ko kuma canza muku wani maganin na daban. Bugu da kari, likita na iya ba da shawarar wadannan hanyoyin don sarrafa gumin:

• Magungunan kashe gumi masu karfi (Prescription-strength antiperspirants): Maganin shafawa mai dauke da Aluminum chloride (tsakanin kashi 10% zuwa 15%) wanda ke toshe hanyoyin gumi na dan lokaci. Wannan yana aika sakon cewa jiki baya bukatar samar da gumi da yawa.
• Allurar Botox (Botox Injections):** Ana amfani da ita don toshe sakonnin jijiya da ke motsa gland din gumi na tsawon watanni kalilan. Wannan hanyar tana da matukar tasiri ga gumin tafukan hannu da karkashin hammata.
• Iontophoresis: Wata hanya ce ta likitanci da ke amfani da wutar lantarki mai rauni yayin da hannaye ko kafafuwa ke cikin ruwa don rage gumi na dan lokaci.
• Kwayoyin Magani (Oral Anticholinergics): Magunguna kamar Oxybutynin da Glycopyrrolate da ke hana gland din gumi yin aiki ta hanyar toshe sinadarin acetylcholine.

Hanyoyin Kariya da Rage Gumi a Gida (Prevention and Home Care)

Duk da cewa ba za a iya rigakafin kowane nau'in Diaphoresis ba, zaka iya rage tsananin gumin ta hanyar:

• Yin motsa jiki akai-akai: Wannan yana taimakawa wajen daidaita yanayin zafi na jiki.
• Cin abinci mai kyau: Guji cin abinci mai yaji sosai ko caffeinated drinks da zasu iya tada gland din gumi.
• Shan ruwa mai yawa: Wannan yana da muhimmanci don daidaita ruwan jiki da aka rasa ta hanyar gumi da kuma kwantar da zafi.
• Kula da matakin sugar a jini: Wannan yana da muhimmanci musamman idan kana da ciwon sugar.
• Saka tufafi masu fadi: Tufafi wadanda iska ke iya shiga kamar na auduga (cotton) suna taimakawa wajen shanye gumi da rage zafi.
• Saka takalma da safa masu kyau: Wadanda ke barin iska ta ratsa domin kiyaye kafafuwanka da bushewa.
• Guji wurare masu zafi sosai: Yi amfani da fanka ko na'urar sanyaya daki (air conditioner) idan zai yiwu.
• **Shafa garin foda (powder) ko baking soda** kadan a wuraren da gumi ya fi fita don shanye danshi da rage wari.

Bambanci tsakanin Diaphoresis da Kaikayin Zafi (Difference from Heat Rash)

Mutane da yawa suna rudewa tsakanin Diaphoresis da Kaikayin Zafi (Heat rash). Ga bambancin dake tsakaninsu:

• Kaikayin Zafi (Heat rash): Yana faruwa ne lokacin da hanyoyin gumi na fata suka toshe, wanda ke sa gumin ya kasa fita ya kuma taru a karkashin fata, yana haifar da kananan kuraje masu kaikayi da zafi. Wannan matsala ce ta fata kawai.
• Diaphoresis: Wannan kuma shi ne yawan samar da gumin kansa daga gland din gumi saboda wata matsalar lafiya dake cikin jiki ko magani. Ba ya toshe hanyoyin gumi kuma yawanci baya haifar da kuraje, sai dai yakan jika dukkan jiki.

Lokacin da Ya Kamata Ka Ga Likita (When to See a Doctor)

Yana da muhimmanci ka ga likita idan kana yawan gumi ba tare da wani dalili na fili ba, ko kuma gumin ya fara shafar rayuwarka ta yau da kullum.

Tuntuɓi likita ko sashin gaggawa na asibiti nan take idan kana yawan gumi tare da daya daga cikin wadannan alamomin, domin suna iya nuna wani yanayi mai barazana ga rayuwa:

• Jiri ko dishewar gani
• Sumewa (Fainting)
• Tashin zuciya da amai
• Fatar jiki mai sanyi da danshi (Cold, clammy skin)
• Canza kalar fata zuwa fari
• Ciwon kirji ko matsin lamba
• Bugun zuciya da sauri ko ba kakkautawa
• Matsalar numfashi ko shake makogwaro
• Farka ko farfadiya (Seizures)

A Najeriya, zaka iya kiran lambar gaggawa ta kasa wato 112 ko kuma lambar hukumar kiyaye hadurra ta FRSC wato 122 domin samun agaji cikin gaggawa. Haka kuma, don samun ingantattun bayanai na kiwon lafiya, tuntuɓi shafukan Federal Ministry of Health of Nigeria, NCDC (Nigeria Centre for Disease Control), WHO (World Health Organization), ko CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention).

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