Shin jijiyoyin jini a jikinka za su iya toshewa ba zato ba tsammani? Bari mu yi magana game da Embolism!

Shin ka taɓa yin mamakin abin da zai faru idan wani abu ya toshe hanyar jini a jikinmu ba zato ba tsammani? Wataƙila hakan bai faru da kai ba. Amma, wannan wani abu ne da muke buƙatar sani. Domin, toshewar jijiyoyin jini kamar wannan, wani yanayi da ake kira (Embolism), wani lokacin yana iya zama mai haɗari sosai. To, za mu yi magana game da wannan dalla-dalla kuma a yau kawai?

Menene embolism? A takaice dai...

A taƙaice dai, embolism shine lokacin da ɗaya daga cikin jijiyoyin jininka, ko wurin da jini ke gudana, ya toshe ta hanyar wani abu. Sau da yawa, wannan toshewar yana faruwa ne sakamakon toshewar jini da ya taso a wani wuri. Duk da haka, ba wai kawai toshewar jini ba, har ma da wasu abubuwa na iya tafiya daga wani wuri a cikin jiki zuwa wani wuri su toshe hanyar jini kamar haka.

Ka yi tunanin kamar wani ƙura da ke makale a cikin bututun ruwa. Wasu jijiyoyin jini, saboda girmansu da siffarsu, suna iya toshewa fiye da wasu. Wannan na iya faruwa musamman inda babban jijiyoyin jini ya rabu zuwa ƙananan, ko kuma inda jijiyoyin jini suka yi ƙunci saboda tarin kitse (atherosclerosis).

Waɗannan embolisms na iya faruwa a ko'ina a jikinka, ciki har da kwakwalwarka, huhu, koda, da kuma saifa. Nau'in embolism da aka fi sani shine a cikin huhu. Lokacin da jini ya kumbura a cikin jijiyoyin ƙafafuwanka kuma ya yi tafiya zuwa huhunka, ana kiransa embolism na huhu, ko PE .

Mene ne hanyoyi daban-daban na yadda embolism zai iya faruwa?

Za a iya raba embolism zuwa nau'i daban-daban dangane da irin abin da ya makale a cikin jijiyoyin jini. Duba:

• Thromboembolism: Wannan shine nau'in gudan jini da aka fi sani . Yana faruwa ne sakamakon gudan jini da ke samuwa a wani wuri a jiki, musamman a cikin jijiyoyin ƙafafu (Deep Vein Thrombosis - DVT).
• Ciwon daji (tumor embolism): Wani abu kamar wani yanki na ƙwayar cutar kansa.
• Ƙwayoyin kitse: Kitse na iya taruwa a cikin jini yayin da ake samun babban karyewar ƙashi.
• Septic embolism: Gubar jini da ke da alaƙa da kamuwa da cuta.
• Embolism na iska: Misali, iskar nitrogen na iya haifar da shi yayin nutsewa.
• Embolism na ruwa mai amniotic: Wannan yana da alaƙa da haihuwa kuma yana da matuƙar wuya.

Daga cikin waɗannan, Venous Thromboembolism , wanda shine gudan jini wanda ke fitowa a cikin jijiyoyin jini kuma yana toshe su, ya fi yawa fiye da gudan jini na jijiyoyin jini. A gaskiya ma, a cikin ƙasa kamar Amurka, an ruwaito cewa kimanin mutane 900,000 a shekara suna kamuwa da wannan yanayin. Haka kuma, pulmonary Embolism shine babban sanadin mutuwa na uku da ya shafi zuciya da jijiyoyin jini a duniya. (Lambobi na ɗaya da na biyu sune bugun jini da ciwon zuciya).

Mene ne alamun embolism?

Idan embolism ya taso a cikin jijiyoyinku, yana toshe kwararar jini. Kun sani, jini yana ɗauke da iskar oxygen da kowace ƙwayar halitta a jikinmu ke buƙata. Don haka, idan jinin bai iya wucewa ba, iskar oxygen ba za ta iya wucewa ba. Wannan rashin iskar oxygen yana haifar da wata cuta da ake kira "infarct," wadda ke lalata gaɓar da ke buƙatar wannan iskar oxygen. Wannan na iya haifar da ciwo. Wani lokaci, wannan rashin iskar oxygen na iya zama mawuyaci.

Ka yi tunanin wani jini mai gudawa (thrombus) yana fitowa a cikin wani babban jijiyar ƙafarka, kuma ƙananan guntu-guntu nasa suna karyewa suna tafiya tare da jinin zuwa gefen dama na zuciyarka. Daga nan, ana tura jini zuwa huhu. Waɗannan ƙananan dunkulen jini (huhu mai kama da ƙwai) suna makale a cikin ƙananan jijiyoyin jini a cikin huhu, suna haifar da bugun huhu. Ba kasafai ake samun manyan jini (huhu mai kama da ƙwai) ba, waɗanda za su iya toshe kwararar jini daga gefen dama na zuciya zuwa huhu gaba ɗaya.

Alamomin embolism sun bambanta dangane da nau'in da wurin da embolism ɗin yake. Wasu mutane ba za su iya samun wata alama ba kwata-kwata. Ga wasu daga cikin alamomin:

• Rashin numfashi
• Ƙarancin iskar oxygen a cikin jini (Hypoxemia)
• Numfashi mai sauri amma mara zurfi (tachypnea)
• Rauni, gajiya
• Ciwon kai
• Tabo ja a fata (Petechiae)
• Ciwon ƙirji
• Zuciya mai sauri (tachycardia)
• Zazzaɓi
• Kumburi a hannu ko ƙafa
• Kamawa
• Vertigo
• Amai da tashin zuciya
• Ƙarancin hawan jini (Hypotension)

Mene ne babban dalilin embolism?

Sau da yawa, toshewar huhu yana faruwa a cikin huhu. Babban abin da ke haifar da hakan shine toshewar jini a cikin jijiyoyin ƙafafu (Deep Vein Thrombosis - DVT) . Wani lokaci, toshewar huhu na iya faruwa saboda DVT a cikin jijiyoyin hannuwa masu zurfi.

Akwai wasu dalilai na embolism:

• Kamuwa da cuta a cikin rufin zuciya (endocarditis mai kamuwa da cuta)
• Atrial fibrillation (bugun zuciya mara tsari)
• Kwandon hagu na ventricle
• Karyewar ƙashi a wani babban haɗari
• Ciwon daji
• Cututtuka daban-daban
• Ciwon pancreas
• Liposuction
• Dashen ƙashi
• Ciwon suga na lokacin daukar ciki
• Placenta accreta (zurfin mannewar mahaifa zuwa bangon mahaifa)

Wanene ke cikin haɗarin kamuwa da wannan (embolism)?

Akwai abubuwa da dama da ke haifar da toshewar jini (embolism). Duba ko ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan ya shafe ka:

• Rashin motsa jiki: Zama a wuri ɗaya na tsawon lokaci, musamman bayan tiyata.
• Tiyata da wasu magungunan likita: Bayan manyan tiyata.
• Matsalar Zuciya
• bugun jini
• Ciwon daji
• Raunin Jiki (Raunuka)
• Hawan jini (Hawan jini)
• Amfani da kayayyakin taba (shan taba)
• Amfani da magungunan hana haihuwa
• Yanayi da ke sa jini ya daskare cikin sauƙi
• Wasu na'urorin likitanci, kamar na'urorin bugun zuciya,

Waɗanne matsaloli ne za a iya fuskanta sakamakon embolism?

Matsalolin da ke tattare da embolism sun bambanta dangane da inda ya faru. Yana iya zama mai haɗari sosai. Ga wasu daga cikin matsalolin:

• Matsalolin da ke cikin aikin kwakwalwa, kamar rashin tunawa da abubuwa
• Matsalolin bugun zuciya (arrhythmia)
• Ciwon zuciya
• Ciwon zuciya
• Ciwon kwakwalwa
• kumburin huhu
• Ciwon Damuwa Mai Tsanani (ARDS)
• Asarar hannu ko ƙafa
• Kumburin ƙashi
• Mutuwar nama a cikin koda, saifa, ko wani sashin jiki da abin ya shafa
• Rigar jini ta hanyar bawul ɗin zuciya (tricuspid bawul regurgitation)
• Matsalar koda
• Matsalar Zuciya
• bugun jini
• Har ma asarar rai na iya faruwa.

Wannan yana nufin, wannan ba abu ne da za a ɗauka da wasa ba. Ko da yake yana iya zama kamar ƙaramin abu, idan ba a yi maganinsa cikin lokaci ba, zai iya haifar da matsaloli masu barazana ga rayuwa.

Ta yaya likita zai gano wannan (embolism) daidai?

Idan kana da alamun embolism, likita zai fara duba ka. Likitan zai iya lura da abubuwa kamar canjin fata ko wahalar numfashi. Idan ana zargin embolism, zai iya yin wasu gwaje-gwaje.

Dangane da nau'in embolism, ana iya yin gwaje-gwaje masu zuwa:

• Gwaje-gwajen jini
• X-ray na ƙirji
• Doppler ultrasound - don duba kwararar jini a cikin tasoshin jini.
• ECG (Electrocardiogram - EKG) - Yana duba aikin zuciya.
• CT scan (Lissafin Tomography - CT scan)
• Gwajin MRA(Magnetic Resonance Angiogram - MRA)
• Hoton Magnetic Resonance (MRI)
• Angiogram - X-ray na jijiyoyin jini bayan allurar rini.
• Gwaje-gwajen duban dan tayi na zuciya: (Transthoracic echocardiogram - TTE) da (Transesophageal echocardiogram - TEE)
• A wasu lokutan ana yin gwajin biopsy don duba wani yanki na nama.

Mene ne hanyoyin magance embolism?

Babban burin maganin embolism shine a cire toshewar jijiyoyin jini da kuma dawo da kwararar jini. A mafi yawan lokuta, zaɓi na farko shine a yi amfani da magunguna.

Ga wasu hanyoyin magance embolism:

• Maganin hana zubar jini : Muna cewa waɗannan suna "haɗa jini".
• Thrombolytics : Waɗannan suna narkar da gudan jini kai tsaye sannan su cire shi.
• Maganin rigakafi don Embolism
• Magungunan da ke ƙara aikin zuciya (Inotropes)
• Maganin iskar oxygen ko maganin iskar oxygen hyperbaric
• Embolectomy (cirewar embolism ta hanyar tiyata)

A cikin mawuyacin hali, mutanen da ke fama da cutar embolism na iya buƙatar ƙarin jiyya don taimakawa rayuwa, kamar CPR , ECMO (inji da ke aiki maimakon zuciya da huhu), har ma da injuna don taimaka musu numfashi.

Akwai wasu illoli na maganin?

Eh, abin takaici akwai wasu illoli. Akwai haɗarin zubar jini, musamman ma idan aka yi amfani da magungunan da ake kira anticoagulants da thrombolytics. Idan aka cire gudan jini ta hanyar tiyata (embolectomy), akwai haɗarin kamar haka:

• Lalacewa ga jijiyoyin jini
• Zubar jini
• Saurin bugun zuciya (Bradycardia)
• Ƙarancin hawan jini (Hypotension)
• Ciwon zuciya

Me zai faru idan embolism ya faru?

Wasu mutanen da ke fama da cutar embolism ba za su iya samun wata alama ba kwata-kwata, yayin da wasu kuma za su iya samun alamun cutar mai tsanani. Yadda ake yi maka magani zai dogara ne da abubuwa da dama, ciki har da girman da tsananin cutar embolism, da kuma inda ta samo asali.

Embolism cuta ce mai barazana ga rayuwa, don haka gano cutar da wuri da kuma magani cikin gaggawa na iya ƙara yiwuwar murmurewa.

Me za mu iya yi don hana embolism?

Eh, za mu iya hana wasu nau'ikan embolism. Idan kuna cikin haɗarin kamuwa da embolism, likitan ku zai iya ba da shawarar waɗannan:

• Idan kana tafiya mai nisa (kamar a cikin jirgin sama ko bas), ka tashi bayan 'yan awanni kaɗan ka ɗaga da kuma rage idon ƙafarka (bututun maraƙi).Wannan zai iya taimakawa wajen kiyaye kwararar jini mai kyau a ƙafafuwa.
• Magungunan rage jini (Anticoagulants) .
• Amfani da safa na musamman na matsewa.
• Na'ura ce da ke shafa matsi a ƙafafu (Na'urar Matsewar Pneumatic Intermittent - na'urar IPC) .
• Ga wasu mutane, ana iya sanya matattara a cikin babban jijiyar da ke ɗauke da jini daga ƙasan jiki zuwa zuciya (matattara ta inferior vena cava) . Wannan yana hana toshewar jini zuwa zuciya da huhu.

Ta yaya zan kula da kaina idan na kamu da cutar embolism?

Bayan embolism, kuna iya buƙatar gyara don murmurewa. Wannan saboda embolism na iya samun wurare da suka lalace kamar kwakwalwarku ko huhu. Wannan lalacewar tana faruwa ne saboda embolism ya katse iskar oxygen zuwa wannan gabar ko yanki.

Yaushe ya kamata in ga likita?

Idan kana da alamun embolism, ya kamata ka nemi taimakon likita nan da nan. Kada ka yi jinkiri.

Bayan an samu embolism, za ku buƙaci ci gaba da ganin likitan ku kuma ku bi umarninsa. Musamman idan kuna shan magunguna kamar magungunan hana zubar jini, likitan ku zai duba don ganin ko kuna shan su daidai kuma ko haɗarin zubar jini ya canza.

Wadanne tambayoyi ya kamata in yi wa likitan?

Za ka iya yi wa likitanka tambayoyi kamar haka:

• Me yasa na sami wannan (embolism)?
• Menene damar murmurewa dangane da yanayin da nake ciki?
• Menene mafi kyawun magani a gare ni?
• Me ya kamata in yi don hana sake sake faruwar wani embolism irin wannan?

A taƙaice (Saƙon Ɗauka Gida)

Abu ne na al'ada a ji damuwa game da wata cuta da ake kira embolism, domin tana iya zama barazana ga rayuwa. Shi ya sa yake da matukar muhimmanci a nemi magani nan da nan. Idan kana da alamun embolism, nemi taimakon likita nan da nan. Bayan magani, nemi tallafi daga iyalinka da abokanka. Idan kana damuwa ko damuwa game da sake samun wani embolism, yi magana da mai ba da shawara. Ba kai kaɗai ba ne, kuma kada ka ji tsoron neman taimako.

Embolism , gudan jini, toshewar jijiyoyin jini, embolism na huhu, embolism na huhu, DVT, alamu, magani, rigakafi