Wani lokaci idan ka je wurin likita, za ka iya jin wani yana cewa, 'Muna buƙatar duba wasu enzymes a cikin jini.' Sai ka yi tunani, 'Menene waɗannan enzymes? Me yasa ake duba su?' Kada ka damu, wannan gwaji ne da aka saba yi akai-akai. A yau, bari mu yi magana game da menene waɗannan alamomin enzymes da kuma dalilin da yasa suke gaya mana muhimman abubuwa game da lafiyarmu.
A taƙaice dai, menene wannan enzyme?
Ka yi tunanin jikinmu babban masana'anta ne. Dubban ayyuka suna faruwa a wannan masana'antar a kowace daƙiƙa. Enzymes kamar ƙananan ma'aikata ne a wannan masana'antar. Waɗannan a zahiri nau'in furotin ne. Waɗannan ma'aikata su ne abin da ke taimakawa canje-canjen sinadarai da ke faruwa a jiki da kuma ƙara saurinsu.
Gwajin alamar enzyme gwajin jini ne wanda ke auna adadin waɗannan ma'aikata, ko enzymes, a cikin jininka.
Ka yi tunanin gabobin jikinmu a matsayin ɗakuna daban-daban a cikin wannan masana'anta. Yawanci, waɗannan ma'aikata da ake kira enzymes suna cikin ɗakunansu (ƙwayoyin halitta). Amma idan wani ɓangare ya lalace, ya yi rashin lafiya, ko ya ji rauni, kamar an karya bango a cikin wannan ɗakin, kuma enzymes da ke cikinsa suna zubewa, wato, cikin jini. Likitoci suna duba matakan enzymes a cikin jini don gano ko akwai wani abu da ba daidai ba a cikin jiki. Waɗannan wani lokacin ana kiransu biomarkers . Wato, alama ce da ke nuna wata cuta.
Enzymes a jikinmu suna yin ayyuka masu mahimmanci da yawa. Misali:
- A cikin tsarin zagayawa jini: Yana taimakawa wajen toshewar jini.
- Tsarin narkewar abinci: Yana taimakawa wajen narkar da abincin da muke ci.
- Tsarin tsoka: Yana taimakawa wajen aiki da motsi na tsoka.
- Tsarin jijiyoyi: Yana da mahimmanci ga aikin kwakwalwa da jijiyoyi.
- Tsarin Numfashi: Yana taimakawa wajen aikin numfashi.
- Tsarin fitsari: Yana taimakawa wajen cire sharar jiki.
A waɗanne yanayi ne ake yin gwajin enzyme?
Akwai manyan dalilai da dama da yasa likita zai iya neman a yi maka irin wannan gwajin.
- Dubawa: Wani lokaci, a lokacin gwajin lafiyar ku na yau da kullun na shekara-shekara, ana yin wannan gwajin ne don duba duk wani lalacewa ko matsi a cikin wani gabobi, koda kuwa babu alamun cutar.
- Ganewar Cututtuka: Idan kana da wasu alamomi, misali, ciwon ƙirji, ana amfani da wannan gwajin don gano wata cuta ta musamman, kamar ko bugun zuciya ne.
- Kulawa da Kulawa:Idan kana shan maganin wata cuta, ana kuma amfani da wannan gwajin don ganin ko maganin yana da tasiri ko kuma ko maganin da kake sha yana haifar da lahani ga wasu gabobin jiki.
Waɗanne manyan nau'ikan gwaje-gwajen enzyme ne?
Akwai manyan nau'ikan gwaje-gwajen enzymes da dama da ake amfani da su don gano cututtuka daban-daban. Bari mu dubi menene su.
| Sunan Gwaji | Menene ake dubawa sosai? |
|---|---|
| Gwajin Enzyme na Zuciya | Duba don ganin ko tsokar zuciya ta lalace saboda bugun zuciya ko wani dalili. |
| Gwajin Isoenzymes na CPK | Duba ko akwai lahani ga kyallen jiki kamar tsokoki (gami da tsokar zuciya), kwakwalwa, da huhu . |
| Gwajin Enzyme na Hanta | Duba don ganin ko wata cuta ko lalacewa ta shafi aikin hanta . |
1. Gwajin Enzyme na Zuciya
Idan tsokar zuciya ta lalace a lokacin gaggawa, kamar bugun zuciya, suna fitar da sunadaran musamman guda biyu cikin jini daga waɗannan ƙwayoyin halitta: Troponin (cTn) da Creatinine Phosphokinase (CPK) .
Ka yi tunanin haka: Troponin kamar wani ɗan leƙen asiri ne na musamman wanda ke wanzuwa a cikin zuciya kawai. Yana shiga cikin jini ne kawai idan akwai matsala da zuciya. Saboda haka, wannan gwaji ne mai inganci don gano ciwon zuciya.
Yana iya ɗaukar har zuwa awanni 12 kafin matakan troponin a cikin jini su tashi bayan bugun zuciya. Don haka, likitoci kan maimaita wannan gwajin bayan 'yan awanni kaɗan. Idan matakin troponin bai yi kyau ba, yawanci yana nufin cewa bugun zuciya ba ya faruwa.
Likita zai iya yin wannan gwajin idan kana da waɗannan alamun:
- Ciwon ƙirji
- Jin jiri
- Tashin zuciya
- Gumi da yawa
- Wahalar numfashi (dyspnea)
2. Gwajin Isoenzymes na CPK, wanda ke ba da bayani game da tsokoki da kyallen takarda
Ana samun wani enzyme mai suna CPK a wurare kamar tsokoki, kwakwalwa, da huhu. Idan waɗannan kyallen suka lalace, CPK yana taruwa a cikin jini. Amma akwai wani abu na musamman game da wannan. Akwai nau'ikan CPK daban-daban (isoenzymes).
- CK-MB: Ana samun wannan galibi a cikin tsokoki na zuciya .
- CK-MM: Ana samun wannan a cikin wasu tsokoki (kamar hannaye da ƙafafu).
Kamar yadda 'yan sanda ke amfani da zanen yatsun hannu don gano wanda ya aikata laifi, likitoci suna duba enzymes kamar CK-MB da CK-MM don tantance ko lalacewar ta faru ga zuciya ko wata tsoka.
Wannan gwajin yana taimakawa wajen gano waɗannan yanayi:
- Ciwon zuciya
- bugun jini
- Ciwon daji na kwakwalwa
- Ciwon tsoka
- Sauran cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da tsoka (Dermatomyositis, Polymyositis)
3. Gwajin Enzyme na Hanta don duba lafiyar hanta
Idan hanta ta lalace, ta kamu da cutar, ko kuma ta kamu da cutar, tana fitar da enzymes da dama cikin jini. Biyu daga cikin mafi mahimmancin waɗannan enzymes sune ALT (Alanine aminotransferase) da AST (Aspartate aminotransferase) .
Hanta ce ke samar da enzyme ALT. Saboda haka, yawan matakan ALT a cikin jini alama ce mai ƙarfi da ke nuna cewa akwai ɗan lahani ga hanta. Baya ga hanta, ana samun enzyme AST a cikin zuciya, koda, kwakwalwa, da tsokoki.
Wadannan na iya haifar da ƙaruwar enzymes na hanta:
- Ciwon hanta mai kitse
- Cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta kamar hepatitis A, B, da C
- Ciwon hanta (cirrhosis)
- Lalacewar hanta sakamakon shan barasa
- Ciwon daji na hanta
Ta yaya ya kamata ka shirya kafin gwajin jini?
Wannan gwajin jini ne na yau da kullun, don haka babu buƙatar shiri sosai. Amma kiyaye waɗannan abubuwan zai sauƙaƙa muku da mutumin da ke shan jinin.
- Sha ruwa mai yawa: Shan ruwa mai yawa kafin gwajin yana sa jijiyoyinku su fi gani kuma yana sauƙaƙa fitar da jini.
- A guji shan taba: Idan kana shan taba, nicotine yana takura jijiyoyin jininka, wanda hakan ke sa ya yi wuya a sami samfurin jini.
- Faɗa min idan kana jin tsoro: Wasu mutane suna jin tsoron allura (trypanophobia). Abu ne na al'ada. Idan kana da irin wannan tsoro, ka gaya wa mutumin da ke zubar da jininka tun da wuri. Sannan za su yi hakan ta hanyar da ta dace da kai.
Waɗannan gwaje-gwajen enzymes yawanci ba sa buƙatar azumi, musamman a cikin yanayi na gaggawa kamar bugun zuciya. Duk da haka, idan ana yin gwajin ne saboda wani dalili, bi umarnin likitanka daidai yadda suke.
Me ke faruwa bayan gwajin? Akwai wasu haɗari?
Samun samfurin jini yawanci abu ne mai sauƙi, kuma yana ɗaukar mintuna kaɗan kawai. Sannan a shafa ƙaramin bandeji a wurin da aka ɗauki jinin. Ya kamata a bar shi na tsawon awanni biyu zuwa uku don hana kamuwa da cuta. Wani lokaci wurin da aka saka allurar na iya zama shuɗi kaɗan kuma ya kumbura kaɗan. Wannan yawanci zai ɓace shi kaɗai cikin 'yan kwanaki.
Idan wurin yana ciwo bayan an cire jini, za a iya shafa masa kankara. Haka kuma, a guji ɗaga nauyi ko yin motsa jiki mai ƙarfi a wannan hannun na tsawon kwana ɗaya.
Gwajin jini hanya ce mai ƙarancin haɗari. Duk da haka, wasu mutane na iya jin ɗan tsoro idan aka ga jini ko allura. Idan kun ji wani rashin jin daɗi, ku gaya wa likita ko ma'aikaciyar jinya nan da nan.
Har yaushe zai ɗauki rahoton ya iso? Me za ka yi bayan haka?
A cikin gaggawa, kamar bugun zuciya, ana karɓar rahoton da sauri. Amma yana iya ɗaukar kwanaki da yawa kafin a sami sakamakon gwajin yau da kullun.
Bayan samun rahoton, likitanka zai yi maka bayani game da abin da ke ciki.
Ka tuna abu ɗaya. Ba za ka iya yanke manyan shawarwari bisa ga sakamakon gwaji ɗaya ba. Alama ce ta cuta kawai. Ana iya buƙatar ƙarin gwaje-gwaje don yin ganewar asali.
Don haka, kada ku damu da dabi'un da ke cikin rahoton, ku saurari abin da likitan ya ce da kyau. Ku yi masa duk wata tambaya da kuke da ita.
Saƙon Ɗauka Gida
- Alamar enzyme gwajin jini ne wanda zai iya gano lalacewar gaɓoɓi a jikinmu, musamman zuciya, hanta, da tsokoki.
- Ƙara yawan sinadarin enzyme a cikin jini yana nufin cewa enzymes suna ɓuɓɓuga daga ƙwayoyin halittar da ake magana a kai cikin jini. Wannan alama ce ta cuta ko lalacewa.
- Ana amfani da wannan gwajin don gano wata cuta, sa ido kan nasarar magani, da kuma a matsayin duba lafiyar gaba ɗaya.
- Tabbatar da yin magana da likitanka don fahimtar cikakken sakamakon rahoton gwajinka. Kada ka yi wa kanka bincike ta hanyar neman bayanai a Intanet.
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