Shin kun taɓa tunanin cewa jinin da ke cikin jikinmu yana sabuntawa koyaushe? Jikinmu a zahiri masana'anta ce mai ban mamaki. Babban aikin da ke faruwa a wannan masana'anta duk tsawon yini shine samar da ƙwayoyin jinin ja, wato, ƙwayoyin jinin ja a cikin jini. Idan koyaushe kuna jin gajiya da rashin rai, dalilin na iya zama rashin samar da ƙwayoyin jinin ja. Don haka a yau za mu yi magana game da wannan tsari mai ban mamaki, wanda shine 'erythropoiesis'.
A taƙaice dai, menene erythropoiesis?
Erythropoiesis shine tsarin da jikinmu ke samar da ƙwayoyin jinin ja, ko kuma ƙwayoyin jinin ja a fannin likitanci. Wannan kamar lokacin da mahaifiyarmu ke dafa abinci ne idan abinci ya ƙare. Tsoffin ƙwayoyin jinin ja a jikinmu suna mutuwa bayan wani lokaci. Don haka, wannan tsari shine abin da ke sa sabbin ƙwayoyin jinin ja su zama sabo.
Wannan yana kiyaye yawan ƙwayoyin jinin ja a jikinmu a matakin da ya dace, ba tare da ƙaruwa ko raguwa ba.
To me yasa ƙwayoyin jinin ja suke da muhimmanci a gare mu?
Ka yi tunanin wani sabis na isar da kaya a jikinka. Kwayoyin jinin ja suna yin hakan.
- Isarwa daga iskar oxygen: Idan muka shaƙa, iskar oxygen da ke shiga huhunmu ana kai ta zuwa kowace ƙwayar halitta da kyallen jikinmu ta hanyar waɗannan ƙwayoyin jinin ja. Daga kwakwalwa zuwa yatsun ƙafa, komai yana buƙatar iskar oxygen don rayuwa.
- Cire iskar carbon dioxide: Haka kuma, ana tattara iskar carbon dioxide, wani sharar da aka fitar daga ƙwayoyin halittarmu, sannan a mayar da ita cikin huhu domin mu iya cire ta daga jiki lokacin da muke fitar da iskar.
A taƙaice dai, ba tare da ƙwayoyin jinin ja ba, ƙwayoyin jikinmu ba za su iya rayuwa ba.
Erythropoiesis wani bangare ne kawai na tsarin samar da jini a jikinmu, wanda ake kira 'hematopoiesis.' Wannan tsari gaba daya yana samar da dukkan nau'ikan kwayoyin jini guda uku: jajayen kwayoyin jini, fararen kwayoyin jini, da kuma platelets.
Ina wannan tsari yake faruwa a jiki?
Wurin da ake yin waɗannan ƙwayoyin jinin ja yana canzawa akan lokaci.
Yayin da jariri ke cikin mahaifa (Fetal Erythropoiesis)
Jini yana fara samuwa a jikinmu tun kafin a haife mu.
- A makonni 3: Jini zai fara samuwa a cikin tsarin da ake kira 'kwalban yolk', wanda ke ba wa tayin abinci na farko.
- A watanni 2-3: Samun jini yana faruwa a cikin hanta da saifa na tayin.
- Bayan watanni 5: Jini zai fara samuwa a cikin ƙashin tayin.
Yara da manya
Bayan an haife mu, ƙashin ƙashinmu ya zama babban masana'anta don samar da ƙwayoyin jinin ja. Wannan shine sashin da ke da laushi da soso a cikin ƙasusuwanmu.
- A lokacin yarinta: Ana yin jini ne daga bargon ƙashi na manyan ƙasusuwan jiki da yawa.
- A lokacin girma: Ana yin jini ne a cikin ƙashin ƙashi na wasu ƙasusuwa na musamman , kamar ƙasusuwan kwatangwalo, ƙashin baya na kashin baya, haƙarƙari, da kuma ƙashin da ke tsakiyar ƙirji (ƙirjin ƙirji).
Tafiyar ƙwayar jinin ja
Wannan ba ya faruwa cikin dare ɗaya. Dole ne ƙwayar jinin ja ɗaya ta bi matakai da dama kafin ta girma sosai, wato, ta yi aiki. Duk tafiyar za ta ɗauki kimanin mako guda .
Duk abin ya fara ne da wani tantanin halitta na musamman da ake kira 'Hematopoietic Stem Cell' (HSC). Wannan kamar iri ne. Wannan iri zai iya girma ya zama komai daga jajayen ƙwayoyin jini, fararen ƙwayoyin jini, da kuma platelets. Don ya zama jajayen ƙwayoyin jini, wannan tantanin halitta yana tafiya ta matakai da dama.
Teburin da ke ƙasa zai iya taimaka muku fahimtar wannan tafiya a sarari.
| Matakin mataki | Bayani mai sauƙi |
|---|---|
| Ƙwayar halitta (Ƙwayar halitta mai tushe ta Hematopoietic - HSC) | Wannan shine asalin kowace ƙwayar jini, kamar irin da shuka ke tsirowa daga gare ta. |
| Proerythroblast | Mataki na farko mai mahimmanci a cikin tafiya zuwa zama ƙwayar jinin ja. |
| Erythroblast | Kwayar halittar tana raguwa a hankali kuma tana fara samar da sinadarin haemoglobin, wanda ke ɗauke da iskar oxygen. |
| Normoblast | A wannan matakin, ana cire sinadarin kwayar halitta, wanda hakan ke ba ta damar shan ƙarin sinadarin haemoglobin. |
| Reticulocyte | Waɗannan ƙwayoyin jinin ja ne marasa girma. Wannan shine lokacin da aka sake su daga bargon ƙashi zuwa cikin jini. |
| Erythrocyte | Kwayar halittar jini mai cikakken girma, a shirye take don jigilar iskar oxygen. |
Rayuwar kwayar halittar jini ja da aka samar ta wannan hanyar kusan kwanaki 120 ne. Kamar batirin, waɗannan ƙwayoyin suna mutuwa bayan kwana 120 na amfani. Shi ya sa dole ne jikinmu ya ci gaba da yin sabbin ƙwayoyin jinin ja.
Ta yaya jiki ya san yadda ake yin jini?
Wannan tsari ne mai ban mamaki na sarrafawa. Jikinmu yana sarrafa samar da ƙwayoyin jinin ja bisa ga matakin iskar oxygen a jiki.
Ka yi tunanin za ka je wani yanki mai tsayi kamar Nuwara Eliya. Yayin da kake hawa sama, kana jin ɗan wahalar numfashi, ko ba haka ba? Wannan ya faru ne saboda yawan iskar oxygen da ke cikin iska ya yi ƙasa. Sannan adadin iskar oxygen da ke isa ga kyallen jikinmu ya zama bai isa ba. Muna kiran wannan yanayin da hypoxia .
Wannan shine lokacin da kodanmu ke aiki.
Koda su ne waɗanda ke kula da matakan iskar oxygen a cikin jininmu akai-akai. Idan suka ji cewa matakan iskar oxygen sun yi ƙasa, sai kodan su fitar da wani hormone na musamman (mai aika sinadarai) da ake kira Erythropoietin (EPO) a cikin jini.
Ga yadda wannan tsari yake aiki:
1. Nau'in kyallen jikinka ba sa samun isasshen iskar oxygen.
2. Dangane da wannan 'siginar', kodan suna fitar da ƙarin sinadarin '(EPO)'.
3. Wannan hormone (EPO) yana tafiya ta cikin jini yana "magana" zuwa ga bargon ƙashi, yana gaya masa "gaggawa, a yi ƙarin ƙwayoyin jinin ja!"
4. Yana hanzarta samar da ƙwayoyin jini ja a cikin ƙashi.
5. Sabbin ƙwayoyin jinin ja da aka samar suna mayar da matakin iskar oxygen a cikin jini zuwa yadda yake.
6. Da zarar matakin iskar oxygen ya koma daidai, kodan suna rage fitar da EPO.
Jikinmu yana da kyau sosai wajen kiyaye komai a cikin daidaito (homeostasis) ta wannan hanyar. Suna kiyaye matakin da ya dace, ba sa barin shi ya yi tsayi ko ƙasa da haka.
Me zai faru idan wannan tsari ya lalace?
Wani lokaci wannan tsari na samar da ƙwayoyin jinin ja na iya yin kuskure. Sannan manyan matsaloli guda biyu na iya tasowa. Ko dai an samar da ƙwayoyin jinin ja da yawa, ko kuma an samar da su da yawa.
| Yanayi | Ma'ana kawai | Yanayin/halayen da abin ya shafa |
|---|---|---|
| Rashin jini | Ƙarancin ƙwayoyin jinin ja (anemia). | Jiki yana rasa isassun ƙwayoyin jinin ja don ɗaukar iskar oxygen. Wannan na iya haifar da alamu kamar gajiya akai-akai, rauni, faɗuwa, ƙarancin numfashi, da kuma jin sanyi ba kamar yadda aka saba ba . |
| Erythrocytosis | Ƙara yawan ƙwayoyin jinin ja (ƙara kauri). | Yayin da jini ke kauri, kwararar jini na iya zama cikas. Alamomi kamar ciwon kai, gajiya, da jiri na iya faruwa. A wasu lokuta, akwai haɗarin kamuwa da toshewar jini mai haɗari . |
Idan kana da irin waɗannan alamu, yana da matuƙar muhimmanci ka ga likita ka nemi shawara ba tare da yanke shawara da kanka ba.
Abubuwan da ka iya shafar samar da ƙwayoyin jinin ja
Wannan tsari na iya shafar yanayi daban-daban na cututtuka da sauran dalilai.
Cututtuka masu alaƙa da huhu
Idan kana da cututtukan numfashi na dogon lokaci kamar asma da COPD, adadin iskar oxygen da jikinka ke samu yana raguwa. Jiki yana ƙoƙarin samar da ƙarin ƙwayoyin jinin ja don ramawa.
Ciwon daji na jini da ƙashi
A cikin yanayin cutar kansa kamar cutar sankarar jini da lymphoma, aikin ƙashi na yau da kullun yana raguwa. Sakamakon haka, samar da ƙwayoyin jinin ja na iya raguwa ko kuma samar da ƙwayoyin halitta marasa kyau.
Wasu dalilai
- Rashin Sinadarin Abinci Mai Gina Jiki: Domin samar da jini mai kyau, kuna buƙatar sinadarai masu kyau. Iron, bitamin B12, da folate muhimman sinadarai ne. Idan ba ku sami isasshen waɗannan ta hanyar abincinku ba, jikinku ba zai iya samar da ƙwayoyin jinin ja yadda ya kamata ba, wanda ke haifar da rashin jini.
- Cutar koda:Tunda sinadarin `(EPO)` ne ke samar da shi ta hanyar ƙoda, idan kodan suka lalace, samar da `(EPO)` na iya raguwa kuma samuwar ƙwayoyin jinin ja ma na iya raguwa.
Saƙon Ɗauka Gida
- Tsarin samar da ƙwayoyin jinin ja, ko erythropoiesis, abu ne mai ban mamaki wanda ke faruwa akai-akai kuma kai tsaye a cikin jikinmu.
- Wannan tsari galibi ana sarrafa shi ne ta hanyar wani sinadari mai suna EPO, wanda kodan ke fitarwa.
- Idan kana yawan fuskantar alamu kamar gajiya, faɗuwa, da kuma ƙarancin numfashi, hakan na iya zama alamar rashin jini . A irin wannan yanayin, tabbatar da ganin likitanka don neman shawara.
- Cin abinci mai kyau wanda ke ɗauke da sinadarin iron (nama, kifi, wake, alayyafo), bitamin B12 (madara, ƙwai), da kuma folate (kayan lambu kore, wake) yana da matuƙar muhimmanci don kiyaye lafiyar ƙwayoyin jinin ja.
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