Shin kana jin gajiya a kowane lokaci? Shin kana jin kamar ba ka da kuzari? Wataƙila likitanka ya duba rahoton jini ya ce "ƙarancin ƙarfe" ko "rashin jini". Wannan matsala ce da mutane da yawa a ƙasarmu ke da ita. To, shin ka san wanda ke sarrafa wannan muhimmin abu da ake kira ƙarfe a jikinmu? Akwai "shugaba" na gaske a gare shi. Ana kiransa Hepcidin . Wataƙila ba ka ma ji labarin wannan sunan ba. Amma aikin da yake yi don kiyaye lafiyar jikinmu ba ƙaramin aiki ba ne. Bari mu yi magana a yau game da wannan "shugaba na ƙarfe" a jikinmu.
A taƙaice dai, wanene wannan Hepcidin?
Hepcidin wani sinadari ne da hantarmu ke samarwa kuma ake fitarwa zuwa jini. Hormones kamar manzanni ne da ke sarrafa kowane aiki a jikinmu. Don haka babban aikin manzon da ake kira hepcidin shine sarrafa yadda jikinmu ke amfani da ƙarfe. A takaice dai, shi ne ke yanke shawara kan adadin ƙarfe da jiki ke buƙata, adadin da yake buƙata a adana, da kuma lokacin da yake buƙatar amfani da wannan ƙarfen. Shi ya sa wasu mutane ke kiran hepcidin da "Mai Kula da Ƙarfe Mai Kyau".
To me yasa ƙarfe yake da muhimmanci a gare mu?
Ka yi tunanin akwai sabis na isar da iskar oxygen a jikinmu. Abubuwan da ke cikin wannan sabis ɗin isar da iskar oxygen sune ƙwayoyin jini ja . Mutumin da ke ɗauke da iskar oxygen a cikin waɗannan motocin shine furotin da ake kira hemoglobin . Don haka ƙarfe muhimmin sinadari ne don samar da wannan haemoglobin. Ba tare da ƙarfe ba, ba za a iya samar da hemoglobin ba. Sannan ƙwayoyin jini ja ba za su iya ɗaukar iskar oxygen ba. A lokacin ne muke gajiya kuma muke fuskantar wahalar numfashi.
Ba wai kawai haka ba, ana buƙatar ƙarfe don samar da furotin mai suna myoglobin, wanda ke samar da iskar oxygen ga tsokoki da zuciyarmu.
A taƙaice dai, ƙarfe shine zuciyar tsarin da ke ɗauke da iskar oxygen wanda ke ba da rai ga ƙwayoyin jikinmu. Don haka yana da matuƙar muhimmanci a kiyaye wannan matakin ƙarfe a daidaito. Idan babu isasshen ƙarfe, cututtuka kamar ƙarancin ƙarfe suna tasowa. Idan akwai ƙarfe da yawa, yana iya zama guba ga jikinmu kuma yana lalata gabobin jiki. Kula da wannan daidaito shine babban aikin hepcidin.
Ta yaya hepcidin ke sarrafa wannan ƙarfe?
Wannan tsari ne mai ban mamaki. Muna samun ƙarfe daga abincin da muke ci (nama, kifi, kayan lambu, goro). Amma ba kamar sauran ma'adanai ba, jikinmu ba shi da hanyar fitar da ƙarfe mai yawa. Misali, idan muna da sodium (gishiri) da yawa, za a fitar da shi a cikin fitsari. Amma ƙarfe ba ya fita cikin sauƙi haka.
Saboda haka, yana nufin adana ƙarfe mai yawa don amfani daga baya. Wannan ƙarfe galibi ana adana shi a cikin bargon ƙashinmu ,A cikin saifa da hanta .
Nan ne hepcidin ya shigo. Hepcidin ya shiga tsakani a cikin wannan sarrafa ƙarfe ta hanyoyi uku:
1. Yana sarrafa shan ƙarfe daga abinci: Idan abincin da muke ci ya shiga ƙaramin hanjinmu, ƙwayoyin da ke wurin suna shan ƙarfe cikin jini. Hepcidin yana ƙayyade adadin ƙarfe da ake fitarwa cikin jini da kuma adadin da ake adanawa.
2. Yana sake amfani da baƙin ƙarfe daga tsoffin ƙwayoyin jinin ja: Matsakaicin tsawon rayuwar ƙwayoyin jinin ja namu yana kusan kwanaki 120. Idan wannan lokacin ya ƙare, macrophages , wani nau'in ƙwayoyin jinin farin jini (kamar 'ma'aikatan tsaftacewa' na jiki), suna lalata waɗannan tsoffin ƙwayoyin jinin ja. Amma idan suka yi, suna kamawa kuma suna adana ƙarfe mai daraja a cikinsu. Don haka, hepcidin yana yanke shawara ko ya kamata a mayar da wannan ƙarfe da aka adana ga sabbin ƙwayoyin jinin ja da aka samar, ko kuma ko ya kamata a ajiye shi na ɗan lokaci.
3. Yana sarrafa sakin ƙarfe da aka adana a wurare kamar hanta: Hepcidin shine wanda ke gaya wa jiki ko ya saki ƙarfe da aka adana a cikin ƙwayoyin hanta ( hepatocytes ) da ƙananan ƙwayoyin hanji ( enterocytes ) cikin jini idan ana buƙata.
Ta yaya wannan yake aiki daidai?
Domin mu fahimci wannan, muna buƙatar sanin wani. Wannan mutumin furotin ne da ake kira ferroportin . Ka yi tunaninsa kamar ɗakin ajiya a cikin ƙwayar halitta da ke adana ƙarfe. Ferroportin shine "ƙofar da ke barin ƙarfe ya fita" daga wannan ɗakin ajiya. Domin ƙarfe ya shiga jini, dole ne wannan ƙofar ta buɗe.
Abin da hepcidin ke yi shi ne sarrafa wannan ƙofar.
- Idan matakan hepcidin a cikin jiki suka ƙaru , hepcidin yana ɗaurewa da wata ƙofar da ake kira ferroportin kuma yana rufe ta. Sannan, ƙarfen da ke cikin ƙwayoyin halitta ba zai iya shiga jini ba. Shan ƙarfe yana raguwa.
- Idan matakan hepcidin a jiki suka ragu , ƙofar ferroportin ba ta toshe ba. Don haka ƙofar a buɗe take . Ƙarfe da ke cikin ƙwayoyin halitta yana shiga cikin jini cikin sauƙi. Shan ƙarfe yana ƙaruwa.
Mene ne ke haifar da canje-canje a matakan hepcidin?
Jikinmu yana da hankali sosai. Suna ƙara ko rage matakan hepcidin bisa ga buƙatunsu a kowane lokaci. Akwai muhimman abubuwa da yawa da ke tasiri ga wannan.
| Abin da ke Tasiri | Tasiri ga Hepcidin da Sakamakon |
|---|---|
| Jimlar adadin ƙarfe a jiki | Idan matakan ƙarfe na jiki sun yi yawa , jiki yana samar da ƙarin hepcidin. Wannan yana hana shi shan ƙarin ƙarfe. Idan matakan ƙarfe sun yi ƙasa , jiki yana samar da ƙarancin hepcidin. Wannan yana buɗe ƙofofin don ƙarin ƙarfe ya sha. |
| Samar da ƙwayoyin jini ja | Idan jiki yana buƙatar yin sabbin ƙwayoyin jinin ja da yawa (misali, bayan zubar jini), yana buƙatar ƙarfe mai yawa don yin haemoglobin. Sannan jiki yana rage matakan hepcidin. Wannan yana sakin ƙarfe da aka adana kuma yana taimakawa wajen samar da sabbin ƙwayoyin halitta. |
| Ƙarancin iskar oxygen (Hypoxia) | Idan adadin iskar oxygen da ke isa ga kyallen jiki ya ragu, jiki yana tunanin yana buƙatar samar da ƙarin masu ɗaukar iskar oxygen (ƙwayoyin jini ja). Tunda wannan yana buƙatar ƙarfe, yana rage matakan hepcidin kuma yana buɗe ƙofofin ƙarfe. |
| Kamuwa da cuta ko kumburi | Wannan yana da matuƙar muhimmanci. Idan ƙwayar cuta (misali ƙwayoyin cuta) ta shiga jikinmu, ƙwayar cuta tana buƙatar ƙarfe don ta girma. Don haka jikinmu mai hankali yana hana ƙwayar cuta samun ƙarfe. Don yin wannan, jiki yana ƙara matakin hepcidin da sauri . Sannan ƙofofin ƙarfe suna rufewa, kuma duk ƙarfen yana ɓoye a cikin ƙwayoyin halitta. Ƙwayar cuta tana yin rauni ba tare da ƙarfe ba. |
Me ke faruwa idan matakan hepcidin ba su da kyau?
Idan aikin wannan mai daidaita ƙarfe ya yi kuskure kaɗan, zai iya haifar da manyan matsaloli. Idan matakan hepcidin sun yi ƙasa sosai, jiki zai sami ƙarfe da yawa (Iron Overload). Idan matakan hepcidin sun yi yawa, jiki zai sami ƙarancin ƙarfe (Iron Deficiency).
| Yanayi | Me ke faruwa, a takaice dai? |
|---|---|
| Yanayi da ke haifar da ƙarancin matakan hepcidin (yawan ƙarfe da ya wuce gona da iri) | |
| Haihuwar Haihuwa ta Haihuwa | Wannan cuta ce ta kwayoyin halitta. A wannan yanayin, hanta ba za ta iya samar da isasshen hepcidin ba. Sakamakon haka, ƙofofin ƙarfe (ferroportin) koyaushe suna buɗe. Jiki yana shan ƙarfe fiye da yadda yake buƙata kuma yana sanya shi a cikin gabobin jiki kamar zuciya, hanta, da pancreas, yana lalata su. |
| Rashin jinin ƙarfe | A wasu nau'ikan rashin jini, akwai yawan ƙarfe. Lalacewa a cikin tsarin samar da ƙwayoyin jinin ja yana rage samar da hepcidin, wanda ke haifar da ƙaruwar shan ƙarfe. |
| Hepatitis C | Wannan kwayar cutar tana lalata hanta, tana rage karfinta na samar da hepcidin. |
| Ciwon suga na nau'i na 2 | Wasu bincike sun nuna cewa mutanen da ke fama da ciwon sukari na iya samun raguwar matakan hepcidin da kuma ƙaruwar matakan ƙarfe. |
| Yanayi da ke haifar da ƙaruwar matakan hepcidin (rashin ƙarfe) | |
| Rashin Jini na Cututtuka Masu Dorewa (ACD) | Wannan cuta ce da ta zama ruwan dare gama gari. Idan wani yana da rashin lafiya na dogon lokaci (misali cutar koda, ciwon daji, cutar Crohn), akwai kumburi a jiki akai-akai. Wannan kumburin yana sa matakan hepcidin na jiki su ƙaru . Sannan ƙofofin ƙarfe suna rufewa. Ko da yake akwai ƙarfe a cikin rumbunan jiki, ba za a iya amfani da su ba. Wannan yana haifar da rashin jini. |
| Cututtuka masu tsanani | Cututtukan da ke dawwama na iya ƙara kumburi a jiki, ƙara yawan sinadarin hepcidin, da kuma haifar da ƙarancin ƙarfe. |
A ƙarshe, hepcidin wani muhimmin hormone ne wanda yake da mahimmanci don kiyaye daidaiton ƙarfe a jikinmu. Ta hanyar rufe ƙofofin ƙarfe da kuma sarrafa ƙarfe, yana sarrafa samar da haemoglobin da ƙwayoyin jinin ja a kaikaice, da kuma jigilar iskar oxygen a cikin jiki. Hepcidin kuma yana kare mu daga mummunan lalacewa da ka iya faruwa idan ƙarfe da yawa ya shiga jiki.
Saƙon Ɗauka Gida
- Hepcidin shine babban hormone da hantarmu ke samarwa wanda ke sarrafa matakan ƙarfe a jiki.
- Yana aiki ta hanyar toshe "ƙofar" mai jigilar ƙarfe da ake kira ferroportin. Idan hepcidin ya yi yawa, shan ƙarfe yana raguwa, kuma idan hepcidin ya yi ƙasa, shan ƙarfe yana ƙaruwa.
- Matakan Hepcidin sun bambanta dangane da abubuwa kamar matakan ƙarfe na jiki, buƙatun ƙwayoyin jinin ja, matakan iskar oxygen, da kamuwa da cuta.
- Ƙananan matakan hepcidin na iya haifar da yawan ƙarfe da lalacewar gabobin jiki (misali, hemochromatosis), yayin da matakan da ba su dace ba na iya haifar da ƙarancin ƙarfe da rashin jini (misali, rashin jini na cututtuka na yau da kullun).
- Idan kana da wata damuwa game da gajiya mai ɗorewa, faɗuwa, ko rashin jini, koyaushe ka tuntuɓi likitanka kafin ka yanke shawara da kanka . Likita ne kawai zai iya yin gwaje-gwajen da suka dace don gano ainihin dalilin da kuma ba da maganin da ya dace.
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